Alliance CO01E (ERI-01E)

Fraxino orni-Pinion nigrae Em 1978

Relic Pinus nigra forests on calcareous substrates of the Central and Southern Balkans

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  • Dominant life form: Coniferous trees, Broad-leaved deciduous shrubs, Dwarf shrubs, Perennial graminoids
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  • Phenological optimum: Late spring
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  • Substrate moisture: Dry substrate
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  • Substrate reaction: Alkaline substrate
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  • Salinity: Non-saline substrate
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  • Nutrient status: Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic
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  • Soil organic matter: Poorly developed soil
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  • Vegetation region: Nemoral-Submediterranean
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  • Elevational vegetation belt: Lowland, Submontane, Montane
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  • Azonality: Shallow soil, Rock, Ultramafic and heavy-metal soil
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  • Successional status: Late-successional
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  • Naturalness: Natural
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