U42 Ice cap and glacier

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Glaciers are permanent or near-permanent ice masses, created by the compaction of the snow accumulated in cold climates. These deposits, when they are under pressure, behave like a viscous liquid. So, a glacier is a mobile element, because of its ability to slowly flow along a slope under the effect of gravity. Different types of glacier exis. Characteristic for the arctic regions, ice sheets and ice caps are dome-like ice masses unconstrained by topography. More characteristic of the large mountain ranges, but also present in the arctic regions, most glaciers are constrained by topography including cirque glaciers, valley glaciers, mountain glaciers and piedmont glaciers. The smallest form of glacier is derived from snow-drifting, avalanches, or ice deposition in cold-bottom karst dolines, called glacierets, these small ice masses may have an existence limited to a few years.

[This habitat could not be formally defined in the expert system because it is not based on vegetation.]

Chytrý M., Tichý L., Hennekens S.M., Knollová I., Janssen J.A.M., Rodwell J.S. … Schaminée J.H.J. (2020) EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats. Applied Vegetation Science 23: 648–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12519

Version 2021-06-01, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736.

For the official presentation of the EUNIS Habitat Classification from the European Environment Agency, please see: EUNIS Terrestrial Habitat Classification 2021. The FloraVeg.EU presentation may show modifications and partial updates to the habitat classification.

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