T31 Temperate mountain Picea forest
Evergreen coniferous forest dominated by spruce, including Picea abies in most temperate European mountain systems, relict Picea omorika in a restricted area in the Dinaric Mountains, and Picea orientalis in the Caucasus. Fir (Abies alba, Abies nordmanniana) can be admixed on acidic, even very oligotrophic, wet, cold or rocky soils in the montane and subalpine belts of the temperate mountain ranges of Europe.
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Chytrý M., Tichý L., Hennekens S.M., Knollová I., Janssen J.A.M., Rodwell J.S. … Schaminée J.H.J. (2020) EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats. Applied Vegetation Science 23: 648–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12519
Version 2021-06-01, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736.
For the official presentation of the EUNIS Habitat Classification from the European Environment Agency, please see: EUNIS Terrestrial Habitat Classification 2021. The FloraVeg.EU presentation may show modifications and partial updates to the habitat classification.