A very diverse landscape-scale habitat occurring across the temperate zone of Europe where different traditions of grazing, mowing and silviculture have together created distinctive associations of trees growing among pastures and meadows. Such wood-pastures, wooded steppes, park meadows, grazed orchards, parklands and open hunting forests, variously managed for stock rearing, hay production, coppice and timber products, represent highly distinctive social and economic histories and can express great cultural traditions. Species-rich types occur, including contingents of epiphytic plants growing on veteran trees, but, even where the components are more commonplace, the combinations of floristic and structural elements are striking.

[This habitat could not be formally defined in the expert system because it constitutes a mosaic of different habitats.]