Dittrichia viscosa subsp. viscosa

Spinescense indicates the presence of thorns, spines, prickles or spikes. These morphological adaptations help protect plants from herbivores.

Data were compiled from Tavşanoğlu & Pausas (2018), Bagella et al. (2019), complemented by additional sources such as national and regional floras and original observations.

Categories

• spinescent
• not spinescent

Data source and citation

Axmanová, I. (2022). Spinescence. – www.FloraVeg.EU.

Further references

Bagella, S., Filigheddu, R., Benesperi, R., Giordani, P., Minuto, L., Viciani, D., … Casazza, G. (2019). Thorn, spine and prickle patterns in the Italian flora. Plant Biosystems,153(1), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2018.1474961
Tavşanoğlu, Ç., & Pausas, J. (2018). A functional trait database for Mediterranean Basin plants. Scientific Data, 5, 180135. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135

The months of the beginning and end of flowering across Europe are given. The data were compiled from Kaplan et al. 2019, French Flora database and Guarino et al. 2019. For each species, we provide a maximal flowering range across available sources.

Data source and citation

Axmanová, I. (2022). Flowering period. – www.FloraVeg.EU.

Further references

Guarino, R., La Rosa, M. & Pignatti, S. (Eds) (2019). Flora d'Italia, volume 4. Bologna: Edagricole.
GreekFlora.gr. Available at https://www.greekflora.gr/ [accessed June 2020]
French Flora database (baseflor), project of Flore et végétation de la France et du Monde: CATMINAT. Available at http://philippe.julve.pagesperso-orange.fr/catminat.htm [accessed June 2020]
Kaplan Z., Danihelka J., Chrtek J. Jr., Kirschner J., Kubát K., Štěpánek J. & Štech M. (eds) (2019) Klíč ke květeně České republiky [Key to the flora of the Czech Republic]. Ed. 2. – Academia, Praha.
Ladouceur, E., Bonomi, C., Bruelheide, H., Klimešová, J., Burrascano, S., Poschlod, P., … Jiménez-Alfaro, B. (2019). The functional trait spectrum of European temperate grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science, 30(5), 777–788. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12784
Săvulescu, T. (Ed.) (1952–1976). Flora Republicii Populare Române – Flora Republicii Socialiste România. Vols 1–13. București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Române, Academia Republicii Socialiste România.