Betula pendula

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Habitus and growth type

  • Plant height [m]: 21.53
    ?
  • Life span: Perennial
    ?
  • Life form: Phanerophyte, Tree
    ?

Leaf

  • Leaf type (woody plants only): Broad deciduous or semi-deciduous
    ?
  • Leaf phenology (woody plants only): Winter deciduous
    ?
  • Specific leaf area [mm2/mg]: 25.63
    ?

Flower

  • Flowering period: March-May
    ?

Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Seed mass [mg]: 0.49
    ?
  • Dispersal mode: Anemochory, Anthropochory
    ?
  • Dispersal distance class: 4, 7
    ?

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotroph
    ?
  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
    ?
  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
    ?

Taxon origin

  • Origin in Europe: Native
    ?

Ecology

  • Environmental relationships

  • Substrate humidity relationship: Mesic
    ?
  • Substrate reaction relationship: Acidic
    ?
  • Nutrient relationship: Oligotrophic
    ?
  • Salinity relationship: Non-saline
    ?
  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 7.2
    ?
  • Temperature indicator value: 5
    ?
  • Reaction indicator value: 3.8
    ?
  • Nutrient indicator value: 3.4
    ?
  • Salinity indicator value: 0.1
    ?
  • Disturbance indicator values

  • Disturbance frequency: 0.14
    ?
  • Disturbance frequency (herb layer): 1.34
    ?
  • Disturbance severity: 0.68
    ?
  • Disturbance severity (herb layer): 0.18
    ?
  • Mowing frequency: 0.04
    ?
  • Grazing pressure: 0.2
    ?
  • Soil disturbance: 0.17
    ?

Habitat and sociology

  • EUNIS habitat

  • Broad habitat

  • Occurrence in broad habitats: Grassland (non-alpine, non-saline), Heathland, Scrub, Forest, Sparsely vegetated (incl. rock and scree), Synanthropic
    ?

Distribution

  • Continentality amplitude: 7
    ?
  • Country-based map: Euro+Med Plantbase
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