Oak, mixed deciduous and conifer woods of warm regions in the cool-temperate nemoral zone of Central and Southern Europe and in the supramediterranean belt of the Mediterranean, Asia Minor and Middle East
Vascular plants: Abies cephalonica, Acanthus hungaricus, Acer granatense, Acer hyrcanum subsp. hyrcanum, Acer hyrcanum subsp. stevenii, Acer monspessulanum, Acer obtusatum subsp. neapolitanum, Acer opalus, Acer tataricum, Achnatherum bromoides, Aegonychon purpurocaeruleum, Aesculus hippocastanum, Allium cyrilli, Allium siculum subsp. dioscoridis, Allium subhirsutum, Amelanchier ovalis subsp. ovalis, Androsace elongata subsp. breistrofferi, Anemone apennina, Anemone blanda, Anemone coronaria, Anemone hortensis subsp. hortensis, Anemone pavonina, Anemone sylvestris, Anemone trifolia subsp. albida, Arabis collina, Arceuthobium oxycedri, Aremonia agrimonoides, Argyrolobium biebersteinii, Aristolochia elongata, Aristolochia lutea, Aristolochia pallida, Arum italicum subsp. albispathum, Arum italicum subsp. italicum, Asparagus officinalis subsp. officinalis, Asparagus tenuifolius, Asparagus verticillatus, Asyneuma canescens, Asyneuma limonifolium, Bornmuellera baldaccii, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Brunnera macrophylla, Buxus sempervirens, Campanula bononiensis, Campanula glomerata, Campanula grossekii, Campanula lingulata, Campanula persicifolia, Campanula sibirica, Campanula sparsa, Campanula spatulata, Campanula trichocalycina, Cardamine chelidonia, Cardamine graeca, Cardamine quinquefolia, Carex depauperata, Carex distachya, Carex flacca subsp. serrulata, Carex fritschii, Carex grioletii, Carex halleriana, Carex michelii, Carpinus orientalis, Cedrus atlantica, Celtis australis, Celtis planchoniana, Centaurea soskae, Cephalanthera longifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Cercis siliquastrum, Clinopodium grandiflorum, Clinopodium vulgare subsp. vulgare, Colchicum umbrosum, Colutea arborescens subsp. arborescens, Colutea arborescens subsp. gallica, Colutea orientalis, Cornus mas, Corylus colurna, Cotinus coggygria, Cotoneaster racemiflorus, Cotoneaster salicifolius, Cotoneaster tauricus, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus orientalis subsp. orientalis, Crataegus pycnoloba, Crepis fraasii, Crocus angustifolius, Crocus chrysanthus, Crocus dalmaticus, Crocus ligusticus, Crocus speciosus, Cyclamen coum, Cyclamen hederifolium, Cyclamen repandum subsp. peloponnesiacum, Cytisus albus, Cytisus elongatus, Cytisus tommasinii, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Daphne laureola, Dichoropetalum vittijugum, Dictamnus albus, Dictamnus caucasicus, Dictamnus gymnostylis, Digitalis laevigata, Digitalis lanata, Digitalis lutea, Digitalis viridiflora, Dioscorea communis, Doronicum hungaricum, Doronicum orientale, Drymochloa drymeja subsp. exaltata, Elymus panormitanus, Epimedium pinnatum subsp. colchicum, Epipactis autumnalis, Epipactis helleborine subsp. tremolsii, Epipactis kleinii, Epipactis leptochila subsp. leptochila, Epipactis microphylla, Euonymus verrucosus, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Euphorbia epithymoides, Euphorbia valdevillosocarpa, Festuca heterophylla, Ficaria calthifolia, Fourraea alpina, Frangula rupestris, Fraxinus ornus, Fritillaria gussichiae, Fritillaria involucrata, Fritillaria messanensis subsp. gracilis, Galanthus elwesii, Galanthus reginae-olgae, Galium pseudaristatum, Galium rotundifolium, Galium sylvaticum subsp. laconicum, Genista tinctoria, Geocaryum capillifolium, Geranium asphodeloides, Geum sylvaticum, Gymnospermium odessanum, Haplophyllum thesioides, Hedera colchica, Helleborus foetidus, Helleborus niger subsp. macranthus, Helleborus niger subsp. niger, Helleborus odorus, Helleborus odorus subsp. laxus, Helleborus viridis subsp. bocconei, Helleborus viridis subsp. istriacus, Heptaptera triquetra, Heracleum pubescens, Hesperis steveniana, Hieracium bracteolatum, Hieracium racemosum subsp. racemosum, Hierochloe australis, Himantoglossum caprinum, Himantoglossum comperianum, Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emeroides, Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emerus, Hyacinthoides italica, Hypericum hyssopifolium, Hypericum montanum, Hypericum perforatum subsp. veronense, Inula hirta, Inula spiraeifolia, Iris sintenisii, Iris unguicularis, Jasminum fruticans, Juniperus drupacea, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus, Laburnum anagyroides, Lactuca quercina, Laser trilobum, Laserpitium latifolium subsp. latifolium, Laserpitium ochridanum, Lathyrus aureus, Lathyrus grandiflorus, Lathyrus laxiflorus, Lathyrus niger, Lathyrus venetus, Lens culinaris subsp. orientalis, Leucanthemum subglaucum, Limodorum abortivum, Limodorum trabutianum, Lonicera etrusca, Loranthus europaeus, Luzula divulgatiformis, Luzula forsteri subsp. forsteri, Melampyrum cristatum, Melampyrum nemorosum, Melica transsilvanica subsp. transsilvanica, Melittis melissophyllum subsp. albida, Mercurialis ovata, Narcissus pseudonarcissus subsp. moschatus, Nepeta ernesti-mayeri, Noccaea praecox, Ononis fruticosa, Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa, Orchis mascula subsp. mascula, Orchis provincialis, Orchis purpurea, Ostrya carpinifolia, Paeonia mascula subsp. hellenica, Paeonia officinalis subsp. banatica, Paeonia officinalis subsp. officinalis, Paeonia parnassica, Paliurus spina-christi, Petrorhagia phthiotica, Petteria ramentacea, Philadelphus coronarius, Phillyrea latifolia, Phlomis samia, Physospermum cornubiense, Pinus brutia, Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, Piptatherum virescens, Pistacia atlantica subsp. mutica, Pistacia terebinthus, Platanthera chlorantha, Poa nemoralis subsp. nemoralis, Poa taurica, Poa trivialis subsp. sylvicola, Potentilla alba, Potentilla micrantha, Primula acaulis subsp. balearica, Primula veris subsp. veris, Prunus mahaleb, Pseudoturritis turrita, Pulmonaria angustifolia, Pulmonaria apennina, Pulmonaria longifolia, Pulmonaria mollis subsp. mollis, Punica granatum, Pyracantha coccinea, Pyrus communis subsp. pyraster, Pyrus elaeagrifolia, Pyrus nivalis, Pyrus spinosa, Quercus cerris, Quercus congesta, Quercus crenata, Quercus faginea subsp. faginea, Quercus frainetto, Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, Quercus petraea subsp. iberica, Quercus pubescens subsp. pubescens, Quercus pubescens subsp. subpyrenaica, Quercus trojana subsp. trojana, Quercus x calvescens, Quercus x cerrioides, Quercus x kerneri, Ranunculus neapolitanus, Rhamnus alpina subsp. fallax, Rhamnus intermedia, Rhus coriaria, Rosa arvensis, Rubus canescens, Rumex tuberosus subsp. tuberosus, Ruscus aculeatus, Saponaria ocymoides subsp. ocymoides, Saxifraga carpetana subsp. graeca, Scilla bifolia, Scilla lakusicii, Scorzoneroides cichoriacea, Scutellaria altissima, Scutellaria columnae, Securigera elegans, Selinum silaifolium, Senecio ruthenensis, Seseli intricatum, Sesleria alba, Sesleria alba subsp. voronovii, Sesleria autumnalis, Sesleria robusta subsp. robusta, Sideritis euxina, Silene coronaria, Silene italica subsp. italica, Silene paradoxa, Silene viridiflora, Smilax excelsa, Sophora jaubertii, Sorbus aria, Sorbus danubialis, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus graeca, Sorbus intermedia, Sorbus latifolia, Sorbus pannonica, Sorbus torminalis, Sorbus turcica, Stachys leucoglossa, Staehelina uniflosculosa, Staphylea colchica, Steveniella satyrioides, Styrax officinalis, Symphytum bulbosum, Symphytum tauricum, Syringa vulgaris, Tanacetum corymbosum subsp. corymbosum, Taxus baccata, Teucrium siculum, Tilia begoniifolia, Tilia tomentosa, Trifolium dolopium, Trifolium medium subsp. balcanicum, Trifolium ochroleucon, Trifolium patulum, Trifolium pignantii, Trifolium setiferum, Trisetum laconicum, Verbascum aphentulium, Verbascum glabratum, Verbascum nigrum subsp. abietinum, Veronica vindobonensis, Viburnum lantana, Vicia barbazitae, Vicia grandiflora, Vicia loiseleurii, Vicia sparsiflora, Vinca major, Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. hirundinaria, Vincetoxicum rehmannii, Vincetoxicum scandens, Viola alba subsp. alba, Viola alba subsp. dehnhardtii, Viola hirta, Viola jordanii, Viola mirabilis, Viola obliqua, Viola suavis