Pinus nigra

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Habitus and growth type

  • Plant height [m]: 31.62
    ?
  • Life span: Perennial
    ?
  • Life form: Phanerophyte, Tree
    ?
  • Spinescence: spinescent
    ?

Leaf

  • Leaf type (woody plants only): Needle-like
    ?
  • Leaf phenology (woody plants only): Evergreen
    ?
  • Specific leaf area [mm2/mg]: 6.71
    ?

Flower

  • Flowering period: April-July
    ?

Fruit, seed and dispersal

  • Seed mass [mg]: 20.2
    ?
  • Dispersal mode: Anemochory, Anthropochory
    ?
  • Dispersal distance class: 4, 7
    ?

Trophic mode

  • Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotroph
    ?
  • Carnivory: non-carnivorous
    ?
  • Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
    ?

Taxon origin

  • Origin in Europe: native
    ?

Ecology

  • Environmental relationships

  • Substrate humidity relationship: Dry
    ?
  • Nutrient relationship: Oligotrophic
    ?
  • Salinity relationship: Non-saline
    ?
  • Ellenberg-type indicator values

  • Light indicator value: 7.1
    ?
  • Moisture indicator value: 3.5
    ?
  • Nutrient indicator value: 2.3
    ?
  • Salinity indicator value: 0
    ?
  • Disturbance indicator values

  • Disturbance frequency: 0.12
    ?
  • Disturbance frequency (herb layer): 1.31
    ?
  • Disturbance severity: 0.73
    ?
  • Disturbance severity (herb layer): 0.17
    ?
  • Mowing frequency: 0.02
    ?
  • Grazing pressure: 0.21
    ?
  • Soil disturbance: 0.17
    ?

Habitat and sociology

  • EUNIS habitat

  • Broad habitat

  • Occurrence in broad habitats: Grassland (non-alpine, non-saline), Scrub, Forest, Sparsely vegetated (incl. rock and scree)
    ?

Distribution

  • Continentality: 6
    ?
  • Continentality amplitude: 3
    ?
  • Country-based map: Euro+Med Plantbase
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