Carex bigelowii
Data
download factsheetHabitus and growth type
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Plant height [m]: 0.16?
Plant height
Data source and citation
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Life span: Perennial?
Life span
Categories
- Annual
- Biennial or short-lived
- Perennial
Data source and citation
Dřevojan, P., Čeplová, N., Štěpánková, P., & Axmanová, I. (2023). Life span. – www.FloraVeg.EU.
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Life form: Hemicryptophyte, Geophyte?
Life form
Categories
- Phanerophyte
- Chamaephyte
- Hemicryptophyte
- Geophyte
- Hydrophyte
- Therophyte
- Epiphyte
- Tree
- Shrub
- Woody liana
- Semi-shrub
- Dwarf shrub
- Herbaceous liana
Data source and citation
Dřevojan, P., Čeplová, N., Štěpánková, P., & Axmanová, I. (2023) Life form. – www.FloraVeg.EU.
Leaf
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Specific leaf area [mm2/mg]: 19.99?
Specific leaf area
Data source and citation
Fruit, seed and dispersal
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Seed mass [mg]: 0.67?
Seed mass
Data source and citation
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Dispersal mode: Local non-specific dispersal?
Dispersal mode
Categories
- Local non-specific dispersal
- Myrmecochory
- Anemochory
- Dyszoochory
- Endozoochory
- Epizoochory
- Anthropochory
- Hydrochory
Data source and citation
Lososová Z., Axmanová I., Chytrý M., Midolo G., Abdulhak S., Karger D.N., Renaud J., Van Es J., Vittoz P. & Thuiller W. (2023). Seed dispersal distance classes and dispersal modes for the European flora. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 32(9), 1485–1494.
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Dispersal distance class: 1?
Dispersal distance class
Data source and citation
Lososová Z., Axmanová I., Chytrý M., Midolo G., Abdulhak S., Karger D.N., Renaud J., Van Es J., Vittoz P. & Thuiller W. (2023). Seed dispersal distance classes and dispersal modes for the European flora. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 32(9), 1485–1494.
Trophic mode
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Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy: autotroph?
Parasitism and mycoheterotrophy
Categories
- autotroph
- euphytoid hemiparasite
- obligate root parasite
- mistletoe
- parasitic vine
- endophytic parasite
- initial or partial mycoheterotroph
- full mycoheterotroph
Data source and citation
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Carnivory: non-carnivorous?
Carnivory
Categories
- carnivorous
- non-carnivorous
Data source and citation
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Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: no nitrogen-fixing symbionts?
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Categories
- symbiosis with rhizobia
- likely symbiosis with rhizobia
- unlikely symbiosis with rhizobia
- symbiosis with frankia
- symbiosis with cyanobacteria
- no nitrogen-fixing symbionts
Data source and citation
Taxon origin
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Origin in Europe: native?
Origin in Europe
Categories
- native
- archeophyte
- neophyte
Data source and citation
Ecology
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Environmental relationships
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Substrate humidity relationship: Mesic?
Substrate humidity relationship
Categories
- Dry
- Mesic
- Wet
- Water
Data source and citation
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Substrate reaction relationship: Acidic?
Substrate reaction relationship
Categories
- Acidic
- Slightly acidic to near-neutral
- Alkaline
- Indifferent
Data source and citation
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Nutrient relationship: Oligotrophic?
Nutrient relationship
Categories
- Dystrophic
- Oligotrophic
- Mesotrophic
- Eutrophic
- Hypertrophic
Data source and citation
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Salinity relationship: Non-saline?
Salinity relationship
Categories
- Non-saline
- Slightly saline or brackish
- Saline
Data source and citation
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Ellenberg-type indicator values
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Light indicator value: 7.7?
Light indicator value
Data source and citation
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Temperature indicator value: 2.7?
Temperature indicator value
Data source and citation
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Moisture indicator value: 5.3?
Moisture indicator value
Data source and citation
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Reaction indicator value: 1.7?
Reaction indicator value
Data source and citation
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Nutrient indicator value: 2.3?
Nutrient indicator value
Data source and citation
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Salinity indicator value: 0?
Salinity indicator value
Data source and citation
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Disturbance indicator values
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Disturbance frequency: 1.36?
Disturbance frequency
Data source and citation
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Disturbance frequency (herb layer): 1.45?
Disturbance frequency (herb layer)
Data source and citation
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Disturbance severity: 0.28?
Disturbance severity
Data source and citation
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Disturbance severity (herb layer): 0.25?
Disturbance severity (herb layer)
Data source and citation
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Mowing frequency: 0.02?
Mowing frequency
Data source and citation
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Grazing pressure: 0.24?
Grazing pressure
Data source and citation
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Soil disturbance: 0.12?
Soil disturbance
Data source and citation
Habitat and sociology
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EUNIS habitat
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Diagnostic species of EUNIS habitats: R42 Boreal and Arctic acidophilous alpine grassland, S11 Shrub tundra, U21 Boreal and Arctic siliceous scree and block field, U25 Boreal and Arctic base-rich scree and block field, U52 Polar desert?
Diagnostic species of EUNIS habitats
Categories
- MA211 Arctic coastal saltmarsh
- MA221 Atlantic saltmarsh driftline
- MA222 Atlantic upper saltmarsh
- MA223 Atlantic upper-mid saltmarsh and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge bed
- MA224 Atlantic mid-low saltmarsh
- MA225 Atlantic pioneer saltmarsh
- MA232 Baltic coastal meadow
- MA241 Black Sea littoral saltmarsh
- MA251 Mediterranean upper saltmarsh
- MA252 Mediterranean upper-mid saltmarsh and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge bed
- MA253 Mediterranean mid-low saltmarsh
- N11 Atlantic, Baltic and Arctic sand beach
- N12 Mediterranean and Black Sea sand beach
- N13 Atlantic and Baltic shifting coastal dune
- N14 Mediterranean, Macaronesian and Black Sea shifting coastal dune
- N15 Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N16 Mediterranean and Macaronesian coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N17 Black Sea coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N18 Atlantic and Baltic coastal Empetrum heath
- N19 Atlantic coastal Calluna and Ulex heath
- N1A Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune scrub
- N1B Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal dune scrub
- N1C Macaronesian coastal dune scrub
- N1D Atlantic and Baltic broad-leaved coastal dune forest
- N1E Black Sea broad-leaved coastal dune forest
- N1F Baltic coniferous coastal dune forest
- N1G Mediterranean coniferous coastal dune forest
- N1H Atlantic and Baltic moist and wet dune slack
- N1J Mediterranean and Black Sea moist and wet dune slack
- N21 Atlantic, Baltic and Arctic coastal shingle beach
- N22 Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal shingle beach
- N31 Atlantic and Baltic rocky sea cliff and shore
- N32 Mediterranean and Black Sea rocky sea cliff and shore
- N33 Macaronesian rocky sea cliff and shore
- N34 Atlantic and Baltic soft sea cliff
- N35 Mediterranean and Black Sea soft sea cliff
- P2N Spring
- P3a Brackish-water vegetation
- P3b Fresh-water small pleustophyte vegetation
- P3c Fresh-water large pleustophyte vegetation
- P3d Fresh-water submerged vegetation
- P3e Fresh-water nymphaeid vegetation
- P3f Oligotrophic-water vegetation
- P3g Dystrophic-water vegetation
- P3h Stonewort vegetation
- Q11 Raised bog
- Q12 Blanket bog
- Q21 Oceanic valley mire
- Q22 Poor fen
- Q23 Relict mire of Mediterranean mountains
- Q24 Intermediate fen and soft-water spring mire
- Q25 Non-calcareous quaking mire
- Q31 Palsa mire
- Q41 Alkaline, calcareous, carbonate-rich small-sedge spring fen
- Q42 Extremely rich moss-sedge fen
- Q43 Tall-sedge base-rich fen
- Q44 Calcareous quaking mire
- Q45 Arctic-alpine rich fen
- Q46 Carpathian travertine fen with halophytes
- Q51 Tall-helophyte bed
- Q52 Small-helophyte bed
- Q53 Tall-sedge bed
- Q54 Inland saline or brackish helophyte bed
- Q61 Periodically exposed shore with stable, eutrophic sediments with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- Q62 Periodically exposed shore with stable, mesotrophic sediments with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- Q63 Periodically exposed saline shore with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- R11 Pannonian and Pontic sandy steppe
- R12 Cryptogam- and annual-dominated vegetation on siliceous rock outcrops
- R13 Cryptogam- and annual-dominated vegetation on calcareous and ultramafic rock outcrops
- R14 Perennial rocky grassland of the Italian Peninsula
- R15 Continental dry rocky steppic grassland and dwarf scrub on chalk outcrops
- R16 Perennial rocky grassland of Central and South-Eastern Europe
- R17 Heavy-metal dry grassland of the Balkans
- R18 Perennial rocky calcareous grassland of subatlantic-submediterranean Europe
- R19 Dry steppic submediterranean pasture of the Amphi-Adriatic region
- R1A Semi-dry perennial calcareous grassland (meadow steppe)
- R1B Continental dry grassland (true steppe)
- R1C Desert steppe
- R1D Mediterranean closely grazed dry grassland
- R1E Mediterranean tall perennial dry grassland
- R1F Mediterranean annual-rich dry grassland
- R1G Iberian oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1H Iberian oromediterranean basiphilous dry grassland
- R1J Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1K Balkan and Anatolian oromediterranean dry grassland
- R1L Madeiran oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1M Lowland to montane, dry to mesic grassland usually dominated by Nardus stricta
- R1N Open Iberian supramediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland
- R1P Oceanic to subcontinental inland sand grassland on dry acid and neutral soils
- R1Q Inland sanddrift and dune with siliceous grassland
- R1R Mediterranean to Atlantic open, dry, acid and neutral grassland
- R1S Heavy-metal grassland in Western and Central Europe
- R1T Azorean open, dry, acid to neutral grassland
- R21 Mesic permanent pasture of lowlands and mountains
- R22 Low and medium altitude hay meadow
- R23 Mountain hay meadow
- R24 Iberian summer pasture (vallicar)
- R31 Mediterranean tall humid inland grassland
- R32 Mediterranean short moist grassland of lowlands
- R33 Mediterranean short moist grassland of mountains
- R34 Submediterranean moist meadow
- R35 Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic hay meadow
- R36 Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic pasture
- R37 Temperate and boreal moist or wet oligotrophic grassland
- R41 Snow-bed vegetation
- R42 Boreal and Arctic acidophilous alpine grassland
- R43 Temperate acidophilous alpine grassland
- R44 Arctic-alpine calcareous grassland
- R45 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland of the Balkans and Apennines
- R51 Thermophilous forest fringe of base-rich soils
- R52 Forest fringe of acidic nutrient-poor soils
- R53 Macaronesian thermophilous forest fringe
- R54 Pteridium aquilinum vegetation
- R55 Lowland moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringe
- R56 Montane to subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringe
- R57 Herbaceous forest clearing vegetation
- R61 Mediterranean inland salt steppe
- R62 Continental inland salt steppe
- R63 Temperate inland salt marsh
- R64 Semi-desert salt pan
- R65 Continental subsaline alluvial pasture and meadow
- S11 Shrub tundra
- S12 Moss and lichen tundra
- S21 Subarctic and alpine dwarf Salix scrub
- S22 Alpine and subalpine ericoid heath
- S23 Alpine and subalpine Juniperus scrub
- S24 Subalpine genistoid scrub of the Amphi-Adriatic region
- S25 Subalpine and subarctic deciduous scrub
- S26 Subalpine Pinus mugo scrub
- S31 Lowland to montane temperate and submediterranean Juniperus scrub
- S32 Temperate Rubus scrub
- S33 Lowland to montane temperate and submediterranean genistoid scrub
- S34 Balkan-Anatolian submontane genistoid scrub
- S35 Temperate and submediterranean thorn scrub
- S36 Low steppic scrub
- S37 Corylus avellana scrub
- S38 Temperate forest clearing scrub
- S41 Wet heath
- S42 Dry heath
- S43 Macaronesian heath
- S51 Mediterranean maquis and arborescent matorral
- S52 Submediterranean pseudomaquis
- S53 Spartium junceum scrub
- S54 Thermomediterranean arid scrub
- S61 Western basiphilous garrigue
- S62 Western acidophilous garrigue
- S63 Eastern garrigue
- S64 Macaronesian garrigue
- S65 Mediterranean gypsum scrub
- S66 Mediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub
- S67 Aralo-Caspian semi-desert
- S68 Semi-desert sand dune with sparse scrub
- S71 Western Mediterranean spiny heath
- S72 Eastern Mediterranean spiny heath (phrygana)
- S73 Western Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S74 Central Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S75 Eastern Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S76 Canarian mountain hedgehog-heath
- S81 Canarian xerophytic scrub
- S82 Madeiran xerophytic scrub
- S91 Temperate riparian scrub
- S92 Salix fen scrub
- S93 Mediterranean riparian scrub
- S94 Semi-desert riparian scrub
- T11 Temperate Salix and Populus riparian forest
- T12 Alnus glutinosa-Alnus incana forest on riparian and mineral soils
- T13 Temperate hardwood riparian forest
- T14 Mediterranean and Macaronesian riparian forest
- T15 Broadleaved swamp forest on non-acid peat
- T16 Broadleaved mire forest on acid peat
- T17 Fagus forest on non-acid soils
- T18 Fagus forest on acid soils
- T19 Temperate and submediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest
- T1A Mediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest
- T1B Acidophilous Quercus forest
- T1C Temperate and boreal mountain Betula and Populus tremula forest on mineral soils
- T1D Southern European mountain Betula and Populus tremula forest on mineral soils
- T1E Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest
- T1F Ravine forest
- T1G Alnus cordata forest
- T1H Broadleaved deciduous plantation of non site-native trees
- T21 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus forest
- T22 Mainland laurophyllous forest
- T23 Macaronesian laurophyllous forest
- T24 Olea europaea-Ceratonia siliqua forest
- T25 Phoenix theophrasti vegetation
- T26 Phoenix canariensis vegetation
- T27 Ilex aquifolium forest
- T28 Macaronesian heathy forest
- T29 Broadleaved evergreen plantation of non site-native trees
- T31 Temperate mountain Picea forest
- T32 Temperate mountain Abies forest
- T33 Mediterranean mountain Abies forest
- T34 Temperate subalpine Larix, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata forest
- T35 Temperate continental Pinus sylvestris forest
- T36 Temperate and submediterranean montane Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra forest
- T37 Mediterranean montane Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra forest
- T38 Mediterranean montane Cedrus forest
- T39 Mediterranean and Balkan subalpine Pinus heldreichii-Pinus peuce forest
- T3A Mediterranean lowland to submontane Pinus forest
- T3B Pinus canariensis forest
- T3C Taxus baccata forest
- T3D Mediterranean Cupressaceae forest
- T3E Macaronesian Juniperus forest
- T3F Dark taiga
- T3G Pinus sylvestris light taiga
- T3H Larix light taiga
- T3J Pinus and Larix mire forest
- T3K Picea mire forest
- T3M Coniferous plantation of non site-native trees
- U21 Boreal and Arctic siliceous scree and block field
- U22 Temperate high-mountain siliceous scree
- U23 Temperate, lowland to montane siliceous scree
- U24 Mediterranean siliceous scree
- U25 Boreal and Arctic base-rich scree and block field
- U26 Temperate high-mountain base-rich scree and moraine
- U27 Temperate, lowland to montane base-rich scree
- U28 Western Mediterranean base-rich scree
- U29 Eastern Mediterranean base-rich scree
- U2A Crimean base-rich scree
- U32 Temperate high-mountain siliceous inland cliff
- U33 Temperate, lowland to montane siliceous inland cliff
- U34 Mediterranean siliceous inland cliff
- U35 Boreal and Arctic base-rich inland cliff
- U36 Temperate high-mountain base-rich inland cliff
- U37 Temperate, lowland to montane base-rich inland cliff
- U38 Mediterranean base-rich inland cliff
- U3A Temperate ultramafic inland cliff
- U3B Mediterranean ultramafic inland cliff
- U3C Macaronesian inland cliff
- U3D Wet inland cliff
- U52 Polar desert
- U61 Subarctic volcanic field
- U62 Mediterranean, Macaronesian and temperate volcanic field
- U71 Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated gravel bar in montane and alpine regions
- U72 Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated gravel bar in the Mediterranean region
- V11 Intensive unmixed crops
- V12 Mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture
- V13 Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods
- V14 Inundated or inundatable cropland, including rice fields
- V15 Bare tilled, fallow or recently abandoned arable land
- V32 Mediterranean subnitrophilous annual grassland
- V33 Dry Mediterranean land with unpalatable non-vernal herbaceous vegetation
- V34 Trampled xeric grassland with annuals
- V35 Trampled mesophilous grassland with annuals
- V37 Annual anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
- V38 Dry perennial anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
- V39 Mesic perennial anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
Data source and citation
Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Hennekens, S. M., Knollová, I., Janssen, J. A. M., Rodwell, J. S., … Schaminée, J. H. J. (2020). EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats. Applied Vegetation Science, 23(4), 648–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12519 – Version 2021-06-01: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736
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Constant species of EUNIS habitats: R42 Boreal and Arctic acidophilous alpine grassland, S11 Shrub tundra, S12 Moss and lichen tundra, U21 Boreal and Arctic siliceous scree and block field, U25 Boreal and Arctic base-rich scree and block field, U52 Polar desert, U61 Subarctic volcanic field?
Constant species of EUNIS habitats
Categories
- MA211 Arctic coastal saltmarsh
- MA221 Atlantic saltmarsh driftline
- MA222 Atlantic upper saltmarsh
- MA223 Atlantic upper-mid saltmarsh and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge bed
- MA224 Atlantic mid-low saltmarsh
- MA225 Atlantic pioneer saltmarsh
- MA232 Baltic coastal meadow
- MA241 Black Sea littoral saltmarsh
- MA251 Mediterranean upper saltmarsh
- MA252 Mediterranean upper-mid saltmarsh and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge bed
- MA253 Mediterranean mid-low saltmarsh
- N11 Atlantic, Baltic and Arctic sand beach
- N12 Mediterranean and Black Sea sand beach
- N13 Atlantic and Baltic shifting coastal dune
- N14 Mediterranean, Macaronesian and Black Sea shifting coastal dune
- N15 Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N16 Mediterranean and Macaronesian coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N17 Black Sea coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N18 Atlantic and Baltic coastal Empetrum heath
- N19 Atlantic coastal Calluna and Ulex heath
- N1A Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune scrub
- N1B Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal dune scrub
- N1C Macaronesian coastal dune scrub
- N1D Atlantic and Baltic broad-leaved coastal dune forest
- N1E Black Sea broad-leaved coastal dune forest
- N1F Baltic coniferous coastal dune forest
- N1G Mediterranean coniferous coastal dune forest
- N1H Atlantic and Baltic moist and wet dune slack
- N1J Mediterranean and Black Sea moist and wet dune slack
- N21 Atlantic, Baltic and Arctic coastal shingle beach
- N22 Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal shingle beach
- N31 Atlantic and Baltic rocky sea cliff and shore
- N32 Mediterranean and Black Sea rocky sea cliff and shore
- N33 Macaronesian rocky sea cliff and shore
- N34 Atlantic and Baltic soft sea cliff
- N35 Mediterranean and Black Sea soft sea cliff
- P2N Spring
- P3a Brackish-water vegetation
- P3b Fresh-water small pleustophyte vegetation
- P3c Fresh-water large pleustophyte vegetation
- P3d Fresh-water submerged vegetation
- P3e Fresh-water nymphaeid vegetation
- P3f Oligotrophic-water vegetation
- P3g Dystrophic-water vegetation
- P3h Stonewort vegetation
- Q11 Raised bog
- Q12 Blanket bog
- Q21 Oceanic valley mire
- Q22 Poor fen
- Q23 Relict mire of Mediterranean mountains
- Q24 Intermediate fen and soft-water spring mire
- Q25 Non-calcareous quaking mire
- Q31 Palsa mire
- Q41 Alkaline, calcareous, carbonate-rich small-sedge spring fen
- Q42 Extremely rich moss-sedge fen
- Q43 Tall-sedge base-rich fen
- Q44 Calcareous quaking mire
- Q45 Arctic-alpine rich fen
- Q46 Carpathian travertine fen with halophytes
- Q51 Tall-helophyte bed
- Q52 Small-helophyte bed
- Q53 Tall-sedge bed
- Q54 Inland saline or brackish helophyte bed
- Q61 Periodically exposed shore with stable, eutrophic sediments with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- Q62 Periodically exposed shore with stable, mesotrophic sediments with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- Q63 Periodically exposed saline shore with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- R11 Pannonian and Pontic sandy steppe
- R12 Cryptogam- and annual-dominated vegetation on siliceous rock outcrops
- R13 Cryptogam- and annual-dominated vegetation on calcareous and ultramafic rock outcrops
- R14 Perennial rocky grassland of the Italian Peninsula
- R15 Continental dry rocky steppic grassland and dwarf scrub on chalk outcrops
- R16 Perennial rocky grassland of Central and South-Eastern Europe
- R17 Heavy-metal dry grassland of the Balkans
- R18 Perennial rocky calcareous grassland of subatlantic-submediterranean Europe
- R19 Dry steppic submediterranean pasture of the Amphi-Adriatic region
- R1A Semi-dry perennial calcareous grassland (meadow steppe)
- R1B Continental dry grassland (true steppe)
- R1C Desert steppe
- R1D Mediterranean closely grazed dry grassland
- R1E Mediterranean tall perennial dry grassland
- R1F Mediterranean annual-rich dry grassland
- R1G Iberian oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1H Iberian oromediterranean basiphilous dry grassland
- R1J Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1K Balkan and Anatolian oromediterranean dry grassland
- R1L Madeiran oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1M Lowland to montane, dry to mesic grassland usually dominated by Nardus stricta
- R1N Open Iberian supramediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland
- R1P Oceanic to subcontinental inland sand grassland on dry acid and neutral soils
- R1Q Inland sanddrift and dune with siliceous grassland
- R1R Mediterranean to Atlantic open, dry, acid and neutral grassland
- R1S Heavy-metal grassland in Western and Central Europe
- R1T Azorean open, dry, acid to neutral grassland
- R21 Mesic permanent pasture of lowlands and mountains
- R22 Low and medium altitude hay meadow
- R23 Mountain hay meadow
- R24 Iberian summer pasture (vallicar)
- R31 Mediterranean tall humid inland grassland
- R32 Mediterranean short moist grassland of lowlands
- R33 Mediterranean short moist grassland of mountains
- R34 Submediterranean moist meadow
- R35 Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic hay meadow
- R36 Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic pasture
- R37 Temperate and boreal moist or wet oligotrophic grassland
- R41 Snow-bed vegetation
- R42 Boreal and Arctic acidophilous alpine grassland
- R43 Temperate acidophilous alpine grassland
- R44 Arctic-alpine calcareous grassland
- R45 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland of the Balkans and Apennines
- R51 Thermophilous forest fringe of base-rich soils
- R52 Forest fringe of acidic nutrient-poor soils
- R53 Macaronesian thermophilous forest fringe
- R54 Pteridium aquilinum vegetation
- R55 Lowland moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringe
- R56 Montane to subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringe
- R57 Herbaceous forest clearing vegetation
- R61 Mediterranean inland salt steppe
- R62 Continental inland salt steppe
- R63 Temperate inland salt marsh
- R64 Semi-desert salt pan
- R65 Continental subsaline alluvial pasture and meadow
- S11 Shrub tundra
- S12 Moss and lichen tundra
- S21 Subarctic and alpine dwarf Salix scrub
- S22 Alpine and subalpine ericoid heath
- S23 Alpine and subalpine Juniperus scrub
- S24 Subalpine genistoid scrub of the Amphi-Adriatic region
- S25 Subalpine and subarctic deciduous scrub
- S26 Subalpine Pinus mugo scrub
- S31 Lowland to montane temperate and submediterranean Juniperus scrub
- S32 Temperate Rubus scrub
- S33 Lowland to montane temperate and submediterranean genistoid scrub
- S34 Balkan-Anatolian submontane genistoid scrub
- S35 Temperate and submediterranean thorn scrub
- S36 Low steppic scrub
- S37 Corylus avellana scrub
- S38 Temperate forest clearing scrub
- S41 Wet heath
- S42 Dry heath
- S43 Macaronesian heath
- S51 Mediterranean maquis and arborescent matorral
- S52 Submediterranean pseudomaquis
- S53 Spartium junceum scrub
- S54 Thermomediterranean arid scrub
- S61 Western basiphilous garrigue
- S62 Western acidophilous garrigue
- S63 Eastern garrigue
- S64 Macaronesian garrigue
- S65 Mediterranean gypsum scrub
- S66 Mediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub
- S67 Aralo-Caspian semi-desert
- S68 Semi-desert sand dune with sparse scrub
- S71 Western Mediterranean spiny heath
- S72 Eastern Mediterranean spiny heath (phrygana)
- S73 Western Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S74 Central Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S75 Eastern Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S76 Canarian mountain hedgehog-heath
- S81 Canarian xerophytic scrub
- S82 Madeiran xerophytic scrub
- S91 Temperate riparian scrub
- S92 Salix fen scrub
- S93 Mediterranean riparian scrub
- S94 Semi-desert riparian scrub
- T11 Temperate Salix and Populus riparian forest
- T12 Alnus glutinosa-Alnus incana forest on riparian and mineral soils
- T13 Temperate hardwood riparian forest
- T14 Mediterranean and Macaronesian riparian forest
- T15 Broadleaved swamp forest on non-acid peat
- T16 Broadleaved mire forest on acid peat
- T17 Fagus forest on non-acid soils
- T18 Fagus forest on acid soils
- T19 Temperate and submediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest
- T1A Mediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest
- T1B Acidophilous Quercus forest
- T1C Temperate and boreal mountain Betula and Populus tremula forest on mineral soils
- T1D Southern European mountain Betula and Populus tremula forest on mineral soils
- T1E Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest
- T1F Ravine forest
- T1G Alnus cordata forest
- T1H Broadleaved deciduous plantation of non site-native trees
- T21 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus forest
- T22 Mainland laurophyllous forest
- T23 Macaronesian laurophyllous forest
- T24 Olea europaea-Ceratonia siliqua forest
- T25 Phoenix theophrasti vegetation
- T26 Phoenix canariensis vegetation
- T27 Ilex aquifolium forest
- T28 Macaronesian heathy forest
- T29 Broadleaved evergreen plantation of non site-native trees
- T31 Temperate mountain Picea forest
- T32 Temperate mountain Abies forest
- T33 Mediterranean mountain Abies forest
- T34 Temperate subalpine Larix, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata forest
- T35 Temperate continental Pinus sylvestris forest
- T36 Temperate and submediterranean montane Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra forest
- T37 Mediterranean montane Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra forest
- T38 Mediterranean montane Cedrus forest
- T39 Mediterranean and Balkan subalpine Pinus heldreichii-Pinus peuce forest
- T3A Mediterranean lowland to submontane Pinus forest
- T3B Pinus canariensis forest
- T3C Taxus baccata forest
- T3D Mediterranean Cupressaceae forest
- T3E Macaronesian Juniperus forest
- T3F Dark taiga
- T3G Pinus sylvestris light taiga
- T3H Larix light taiga
- T3J Pinus and Larix mire forest
- T3K Picea mire forest
- T3M Coniferous plantation of non site-native trees
- U21 Boreal and Arctic siliceous scree and block field
- U22 Temperate high-mountain siliceous scree
- U23 Temperate, lowland to montane siliceous scree
- U24 Mediterranean siliceous scree
- U25 Boreal and Arctic base-rich scree and block field
- U26 Temperate high-mountain base-rich scree and moraine
- U27 Temperate, lowland to montane base-rich scree
- U28 Western Mediterranean base-rich scree
- U29 Eastern Mediterranean base-rich scree
- U2A Crimean base-rich scree
- U32 Temperate high-mountain siliceous inland cliff
- U33 Temperate, lowland to montane siliceous inland cliff
- U34 Mediterranean siliceous inland cliff
- U35 Boreal and Arctic base-rich inland cliff
- U36 Temperate high-mountain base-rich inland cliff
- U37 Temperate, lowland to montane base-rich inland cliff
- U38 Mediterranean base-rich inland cliff
- U3A Temperate ultramafic inland cliff
- U3B Mediterranean ultramafic inland cliff
- U3C Macaronesian inland cliff
- U3D Wet inland cliff
- U52 Polar desert
- U61 Subarctic volcanic field
- U62 Mediterranean, Macaronesian and temperate volcanic field
- U71 Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated gravel bar in montane and alpine regions
- U72 Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated gravel bar in the Mediterranean region
- V11 Intensive unmixed crops
- V12 Mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture
- V13 Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods
- V14 Inundated or inundatable cropland, including rice fields
- V15 Bare tilled, fallow or recently abandoned arable land
- V32 Mediterranean subnitrophilous annual grassland
- V33 Dry Mediterranean land with unpalatable non-vernal herbaceous vegetation
- V34 Trampled xeric grassland with annuals
- V35 Trampled mesophilous grassland with annuals
- V37 Annual anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
- V38 Dry perennial anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
- V39 Mesic perennial anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
Data source and citation
Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Hennekens, S. M., Knollová, I., Janssen, J. A. M., Rodwell, J. S., … Schaminée, J. H. J. (2020). EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats. Applied Vegetation Science, 23(4), 648–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12519 – Version 2021-06-01: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736
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Dominant species of EUNIS habitats
Categories
- MA211 Arctic coastal saltmarsh
- MA221 Atlantic saltmarsh driftline
- MA222 Atlantic upper saltmarsh
- MA223 Atlantic upper-mid saltmarsh and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge bed
- MA224 Atlantic mid-low saltmarsh
- MA225 Atlantic pioneer saltmarsh
- MA232 Baltic coastal meadow
- MA241 Black Sea littoral saltmarsh
- MA251 Mediterranean upper saltmarsh
- MA252 Mediterranean upper-mid saltmarsh and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge bed
- MA253 Mediterranean mid-low saltmarsh
- N11 Atlantic, Baltic and Arctic sand beach
- N12 Mediterranean and Black Sea sand beach
- N13 Atlantic and Baltic shifting coastal dune
- N14 Mediterranean, Macaronesian and Black Sea shifting coastal dune
- N15 Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N16 Mediterranean and Macaronesian coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N17 Black Sea coastal dune grassland (grey dune)
- N18 Atlantic and Baltic coastal Empetrum heath
- N19 Atlantic coastal Calluna and Ulex heath
- N1A Atlantic and Baltic coastal dune scrub
- N1B Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal dune scrub
- N1C Macaronesian coastal dune scrub
- N1D Atlantic and Baltic broad-leaved coastal dune forest
- N1E Black Sea broad-leaved coastal dune forest
- N1F Baltic coniferous coastal dune forest
- N1G Mediterranean coniferous coastal dune forest
- N1H Atlantic and Baltic moist and wet dune slack
- N1J Mediterranean and Black Sea moist and wet dune slack
- N21 Atlantic, Baltic and Arctic coastal shingle beach
- N22 Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal shingle beach
- N31 Atlantic and Baltic rocky sea cliff and shore
- N32 Mediterranean and Black Sea rocky sea cliff and shore
- N33 Macaronesian rocky sea cliff and shore
- N34 Atlantic and Baltic soft sea cliff
- N35 Mediterranean and Black Sea soft sea cliff
- P2N Spring
- P3a Brackish-water vegetation
- P3b Fresh-water small pleustophyte vegetation
- P3c Fresh-water large pleustophyte vegetation
- P3d Fresh-water submerged vegetation
- P3e Fresh-water nymphaeid vegetation
- P3f Oligotrophic-water vegetation
- P3g Dystrophic-water vegetation
- P3h Stonewort vegetation
- Q11 Raised bog
- Q12 Blanket bog
- Q21 Oceanic valley mire
- Q22 Poor fen
- Q23 Relict mire of Mediterranean mountains
- Q24 Intermediate fen and soft-water spring mire
- Q25 Non-calcareous quaking mire
- Q31 Palsa mire
- Q41 Alkaline, calcareous, carbonate-rich small-sedge spring fen
- Q42 Extremely rich moss-sedge fen
- Q43 Tall-sedge base-rich fen
- Q44 Calcareous quaking mire
- Q45 Arctic-alpine rich fen
- Q46 Carpathian travertine fen with halophytes
- Q51 Tall-helophyte bed
- Q52 Small-helophyte bed
- Q53 Tall-sedge bed
- Q54 Inland saline or brackish helophyte bed
- Q61 Periodically exposed shore with stable, eutrophic sediments with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- Q62 Periodically exposed shore with stable, mesotrophic sediments with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- Q63 Periodically exposed saline shore with pioneer or ephemeral vegetation
- R11 Pannonian and Pontic sandy steppe
- R12 Cryptogam- and annual-dominated vegetation on siliceous rock outcrops
- R13 Cryptogam- and annual-dominated vegetation on calcareous and ultramafic rock outcrops
- R14 Perennial rocky grassland of the Italian Peninsula
- R15 Continental dry rocky steppic grassland and dwarf scrub on chalk outcrops
- R16 Perennial rocky grassland of Central and South-Eastern Europe
- R17 Heavy-metal dry grassland of the Balkans
- R18 Perennial rocky calcareous grassland of subatlantic-submediterranean Europe
- R19 Dry steppic submediterranean pasture of the Amphi-Adriatic region
- R1A Semi-dry perennial calcareous grassland (meadow steppe)
- R1B Continental dry grassland (true steppe)
- R1C Desert steppe
- R1D Mediterranean closely grazed dry grassland
- R1E Mediterranean tall perennial dry grassland
- R1F Mediterranean annual-rich dry grassland
- R1G Iberian oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1H Iberian oromediterranean basiphilous dry grassland
- R1J Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1K Balkan and Anatolian oromediterranean dry grassland
- R1L Madeiran oromediterranean siliceous dry grassland
- R1M Lowland to montane, dry to mesic grassland usually dominated by Nardus stricta
- R1N Open Iberian supramediterranean dry acid and neutral grassland
- R1P Oceanic to subcontinental inland sand grassland on dry acid and neutral soils
- R1Q Inland sanddrift and dune with siliceous grassland
- R1R Mediterranean to Atlantic open, dry, acid and neutral grassland
- R1S Heavy-metal grassland in Western and Central Europe
- R1T Azorean open, dry, acid to neutral grassland
- R21 Mesic permanent pasture of lowlands and mountains
- R22 Low and medium altitude hay meadow
- R23 Mountain hay meadow
- R24 Iberian summer pasture (vallicar)
- R31 Mediterranean tall humid inland grassland
- R32 Mediterranean short moist grassland of lowlands
- R33 Mediterranean short moist grassland of mountains
- R34 Submediterranean moist meadow
- R35 Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic hay meadow
- R36 Moist or wet mesotrophic to eutrophic pasture
- R37 Temperate and boreal moist or wet oligotrophic grassland
- R41 Snow-bed vegetation
- R42 Boreal and Arctic acidophilous alpine grassland
- R43 Temperate acidophilous alpine grassland
- R44 Arctic-alpine calcareous grassland
- R45 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland of the Balkans and Apennines
- R51 Thermophilous forest fringe of base-rich soils
- R52 Forest fringe of acidic nutrient-poor soils
- R53 Macaronesian thermophilous forest fringe
- R54 Pteridium aquilinum vegetation
- R55 Lowland moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringe
- R56 Montane to subalpine moist or wet tall-herb and fern fringe
- R57 Herbaceous forest clearing vegetation
- R61 Mediterranean inland salt steppe
- R62 Continental inland salt steppe
- R63 Temperate inland salt marsh
- R64 Semi-desert salt pan
- R65 Continental subsaline alluvial pasture and meadow
- S11 Shrub tundra
- S12 Moss and lichen tundra
- S21 Subarctic and alpine dwarf Salix scrub
- S22 Alpine and subalpine ericoid heath
- S23 Alpine and subalpine Juniperus scrub
- S24 Subalpine genistoid scrub of the Amphi-Adriatic region
- S25 Subalpine and subarctic deciduous scrub
- S26 Subalpine Pinus mugo scrub
- S31 Lowland to montane temperate and submediterranean Juniperus scrub
- S32 Temperate Rubus scrub
- S33 Lowland to montane temperate and submediterranean genistoid scrub
- S34 Balkan-Anatolian submontane genistoid scrub
- S35 Temperate and submediterranean thorn scrub
- S36 Low steppic scrub
- S37 Corylus avellana scrub
- S38 Temperate forest clearing scrub
- S41 Wet heath
- S42 Dry heath
- S43 Macaronesian heath
- S51 Mediterranean maquis and arborescent matorral
- S52 Submediterranean pseudomaquis
- S53 Spartium junceum scrub
- S54 Thermomediterranean arid scrub
- S61 Western basiphilous garrigue
- S62 Western acidophilous garrigue
- S63 Eastern garrigue
- S64 Macaronesian garrigue
- S65 Mediterranean gypsum scrub
- S66 Mediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub
- S67 Aralo-Caspian semi-desert
- S68 Semi-desert sand dune with sparse scrub
- S71 Western Mediterranean spiny heath
- S72 Eastern Mediterranean spiny heath (phrygana)
- S73 Western Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S74 Central Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S75 Eastern Mediterranean mountain hedgehog-heath
- S76 Canarian mountain hedgehog-heath
- S81 Canarian xerophytic scrub
- S82 Madeiran xerophytic scrub
- S91 Temperate riparian scrub
- S92 Salix fen scrub
- S93 Mediterranean riparian scrub
- S94 Semi-desert riparian scrub
- T11 Temperate Salix and Populus riparian forest
- T12 Alnus glutinosa-Alnus incana forest on riparian and mineral soils
- T13 Temperate hardwood riparian forest
- T14 Mediterranean and Macaronesian riparian forest
- T15 Broadleaved swamp forest on non-acid peat
- T16 Broadleaved mire forest on acid peat
- T17 Fagus forest on non-acid soils
- T18 Fagus forest on acid soils
- T19 Temperate and submediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest
- T1A Mediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest
- T1B Acidophilous Quercus forest
- T1C Temperate and boreal mountain Betula and Populus tremula forest on mineral soils
- T1D Southern European mountain Betula and Populus tremula forest on mineral soils
- T1E Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest
- T1F Ravine forest
- T1G Alnus cordata forest
- T1H Broadleaved deciduous plantation of non site-native trees
- T21 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus forest
- T22 Mainland laurophyllous forest
- T23 Macaronesian laurophyllous forest
- T24 Olea europaea-Ceratonia siliqua forest
- T25 Phoenix theophrasti vegetation
- T26 Phoenix canariensis vegetation
- T27 Ilex aquifolium forest
- T28 Macaronesian heathy forest
- T29 Broadleaved evergreen plantation of non site-native trees
- T31 Temperate mountain Picea forest
- T32 Temperate mountain Abies forest
- T33 Mediterranean mountain Abies forest
- T34 Temperate subalpine Larix, Pinus cembra and Pinus uncinata forest
- T35 Temperate continental Pinus sylvestris forest
- T36 Temperate and submediterranean montane Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra forest
- T37 Mediterranean montane Pinus sylvestris-Pinus nigra forest
- T38 Mediterranean montane Cedrus forest
- T39 Mediterranean and Balkan subalpine Pinus heldreichii-Pinus peuce forest
- T3A Mediterranean lowland to submontane Pinus forest
- T3B Pinus canariensis forest
- T3C Taxus baccata forest
- T3D Mediterranean Cupressaceae forest
- T3E Macaronesian Juniperus forest
- T3F Dark taiga
- T3G Pinus sylvestris light taiga
- T3H Larix light taiga
- T3J Pinus and Larix mire forest
- T3K Picea mire forest
- T3M Coniferous plantation of non site-native trees
- U21 Boreal and Arctic siliceous scree and block field
- U22 Temperate high-mountain siliceous scree
- U23 Temperate, lowland to montane siliceous scree
- U24 Mediterranean siliceous scree
- U25 Boreal and Arctic base-rich scree and block field
- U26 Temperate high-mountain base-rich scree and moraine
- U27 Temperate, lowland to montane base-rich scree
- U28 Western Mediterranean base-rich scree
- U29 Eastern Mediterranean base-rich scree
- U2A Crimean base-rich scree
- U32 Temperate high-mountain siliceous inland cliff
- U33 Temperate, lowland to montane siliceous inland cliff
- U34 Mediterranean siliceous inland cliff
- U35 Boreal and Arctic base-rich inland cliff
- U36 Temperate high-mountain base-rich inland cliff
- U37 Temperate, lowland to montane base-rich inland cliff
- U38 Mediterranean base-rich inland cliff
- U3A Temperate ultramafic inland cliff
- U3B Mediterranean ultramafic inland cliff
- U3C Macaronesian inland cliff
- U3D Wet inland cliff
- U52 Polar desert
- U61 Subarctic volcanic field
- U62 Mediterranean, Macaronesian and temperate volcanic field
- U71 Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated gravel bar in montane and alpine regions
- U72 Unvegetated or sparsely vegetated gravel bar in the Mediterranean region
- V11 Intensive unmixed crops
- V12 Mixed crops of market gardens and horticulture
- V13 Arable land with unmixed crops grown by low-intensity agricultural methods
- V14 Inundated or inundatable cropland, including rice fields
- V15 Bare tilled, fallow or recently abandoned arable land
- V32 Mediterranean subnitrophilous annual grassland
- V33 Dry Mediterranean land with unpalatable non-vernal herbaceous vegetation
- V34 Trampled xeric grassland with annuals
- V35 Trampled mesophilous grassland with annuals
- V37 Annual anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
- V38 Dry perennial anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
- V39 Mesic perennial anthropogenic herbaceous vegetation
Data source and citation
Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Hennekens, S. M., Knollová, I., Janssen, J. A. M., Rodwell, J. S., … Schaminée, J. H. J. (2020). EUNIS Habitat Classification: expert system, characteristic species combinations and distribution maps of European habitats. Applied Vegetation Science, 23(4), 648–675. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12519 – Version 2021-06-01: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4812736
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Broad habitat
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Occurrence in broad habitats: Spring, Mire, Grassland (non-alpine, non-saline), Alpine-subalpine and arctic grassland, Heathland, Sparsely vegetated (incl. rock and scree)?
Occurrence in broad habitats
Categories
- Marine
- Coastal saltmarsh
- Coastal beach, dune or shingle
- Coastal cliff
- Aquatic
- Spring
- Wetland
- Mire
- Grassland (non-alpine, non-saline)
- Alpine-subalpine and arctic grassland
- Saline vegetation
- Semi-desert
- Heathland
- Oromediterranean scrub
- Scrub
- Forest
- Sparsely vegetated (incl. rock and scree)
- Synanthropic
Data source and citation
Distribution
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Country-based map: Euro+Med Plantbase
Pictures
Subordinate taxa
number of results: 3
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