Primary, shifting ('white') dunes of dynamic coastal sands around the Black and Mediterranean Seas, and into the Atlantic around SW Iberia and Macaronesia. Early pioneers upshore from the strandline catch sand blown from the beach and initiate embryo dune development. These may come and go with subsequent storms, or continue to build higher mobile white dunes that move inland. Except in Macaronesia, the dominant plant in the middle to later stages is Ammophila arenaria (subsp. arundinacea in the Mediterranean), and the associated flora on the permeable, impoverished sands is limited and sparse.