AA (PAP) Drabo corymbosae-Papaveretea dahliani Daniëls, Elvebakk et Matveyeva in Daniëls et al. 2016

Polar deserts of the Arctic zone of the Arctic Ocean archipelagos

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Drabo corymbosae-Papaveretea dahliani Daniëls, Elvebakk et Matveyeva in Daniëls et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

pap01 | This new class (for the protologue see Daniëls et al. 2016) represents the zonal vegetation of the polar desert zone delineated by Bay (1997: 685–696, Fig. 7) as the Subzone A, which is characterised by sparse vegetation of vascular plants, lack of woody plants, absence (unlike in tundra) of sedges (Carex), absence of bog mosses (Sphagnum), and a pronounced occurrence of other bryophytes as well as lichens and cyanobacteria. (F. Daniëls).

AA01 (PAP-01) Saxifrago oppositifoliae-Papaveretalia dahliani Daniëls, Elvebakk et Matveyeva in Daniëls et al. 2016

Polar deserts of the Arctic zone of the Arctic Ocean archipelagos

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saxifrago oppositifoliae-Papaveretalia dahliani Daniëls, Elvebakk et Matveyeva in Daniëls et al. 2016

Synonyms

AA01A (PAP-01A) Papaverion dahliani Hofmann ex Daniëls, Elvebakk et Matveyeva in Daniëls et al. 2016

Polar deserts of the Arctic zone of the Arctic Ocean archipelagos

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Papaverion dahliani Hofmann ex Daniëls, Elvebakk et Matveyeva in Daniëls et al. 2016

Synonyms

AB (KOB) Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974

Circum-arctic fellfield and dwarf-scrub graminoid tundra, and relict wind-exposed short grasslands on base-rich substrates in the alpine and subnival belts of the European boreal and nemoral mountain ranges

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974

Synonyms

AB01 (KOB-01) Thymo arcticae-Kobresietalia bellardii Ohba 1974

Graminoid tundra and dwarf-shrub fellfield vegetation of Scandinavia, Northern Russia, Iceland, the Arctic Ocean islands, Greenland and the Arctic North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thymo arcticae-Kobresietalia bellardii Ohba 1974

Synonyms

AB01A (KOB-01A) Kobresio-Dryadion Nordhagen 1943

Graminoid tundra and dwarf-scrub heath vegetation of Scotland, Scandinavia, Iceland and the Arctic Ocean islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kobresio-Dryadion Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

AB01B (KOB-01B) Dryado octopetalae-Caricion arctisibiricae Koroleva et Kulyugina in Chytrý et al. 2015

Graminoid tundra and dwarf-scrub heath vegetation of Arctic Western Russia and Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dryado octopetalae-Caricion arctisibiricae Koroleva et Kulyugina in Chytrý et al. 2015

Synonyms

AB01C (KOB-01C) Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba ex Daniëls 1982

Graminoid tundra and dwarf-scrub heath vegetation of Greenland and the Arctic North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dryadion integrifoliae Ohba ex Daniëls 1982

Synonyms

AB02 (KOB-02) Oxytropido-Elynetalia Albrecht 1969

Relict summit graminoid tundra in the alpine and subnival belts of the nemoral mountain ranges of the Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, the Apennines and the Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oxytropido-Elynetalia Albrecht 1969

Synonyms

AB02A (KOB-02A) Oxytropido-Elynion myosuroidis Br.-Bl. 1950

Summit graminoid tundra in the alpine and subnival belts of the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oxytropido-Elynion myosuroidis Br.-Bl. 1950

Synonyms

Remark

kob06 | In part IV of the ‘Übersicht der Pflanzengesellschaft Rätiens’, Braun-Blanquet (1949c) published the name 'Oxytropido-Elynion Br.-Bl. 1948', containing only one association – the 'Elynetum (Brockmann-Jerosch) Br.-Bl. 1913' to which a proper reference was made in the protologue. However, the bibliographical references, gathered in part VI of the publication, were published as late as in 1950 (Braun-Blanquet 1950), and therefore the date of the valid publication of the name is 1950 and not 1949. In part IV in 1949, there is no citation of the name 'Elynion medioeuropaeum' and, although Braun-Blanquet refers explicitly to his 'Vegetations-Monographie der Ostpyrenäen (1948)' in the text, there is no effective bibliographical reference to Braun-Blanquet (1948) either directly in the text or in the bibliography published in 1950. As a result, the name 'Oxytropido-Elynion' cannot be considered as an explicit substitution of the illegitimate 'Elynion medioeuropaeum' by Braun-Blanquet (1948), and the correct citation of the name is Oxytropido-Elynion Br.-Bl. 1950. (J.-P. Theurillat).

AB02B (KOB-02B) Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis (Blasi et al. 2003) Di Pietro et Mucina in Chytrý et al. 2015

Summit graminoid tundra in the alpine and subnival belts of the Apennines and the Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis (Blasi et al. 2003) Di Pietro et Mucina in Chytrý et al. 2015

Synonyms

AB02C (KOB-02C) Festucion versicoloris Krajina 1933

Alpine tussock grasslands on mylonites of the Western Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion versicoloris Krajina 1933

Synonyms

AB02D (KOB-02D) Agrostion alpinae Jeník et al. 1980

Subalpine tussock grasslands on steep or terraced slopes on base-rich substrates of the Eastern Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostion alpinae Jeník et al. 1980

Synonyms

Remark

kob08 | Kočí (in Chytrý 2007: 84) classified this alliance into the Elyno-Seslerietea, with reservations. (L. Mucina).

AB03 (KOB-03) Kobresietalia capilliformis Tsepkova 1987

Chionophobous summit graminoid and dwarf-scrub mountain tundra in the alpine and subnival belts of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kobresietalia capilliformis Tsepkova 1987

Synonyms

AB03A (KOB-03A) Kobresion capilliformis Tsepkova 1987

Chionophobous summit graminoid mountain tundra in the alpine and subnival belts of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kobresion capilliformis Tsepkova 1987

Synonyms

Remark

kob10 | Onipchenko (2002) did not accept both the Kobresion capilliformis Tsepkova 1987 and the Kobresietalia capilliformis Tsepkova 1987 and included the Alchemillo-Kobresietum capilliformis Tsepkova 1987 in the Oxytropido-Elynion Br.-Bl. 1949 (Oxytropido-Kobresietalia, Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii). (N. Ermakov).

AB03B (KOB-03B) Salici kazbekensis-Empetrion nigrae Onipchenko 2002

Chionophobous summit ericoid dwarf-heath mountain tundra in the alpine and subnival belts of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salici kazbekensis-Empetrion nigrae Onipchenko 2002

Synonyms

AC (LOI) Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea Eggler ex Schubert 1960

Arctic-boreal tundra scrub and relict alpine acidophilous dwarf-heath mountain tundra of Eurasia and North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea Eggler ex Schubert 1960

Synonyms

Remark

loi01 | This class comprises primary dwarf heath (tundra and European mountain tundra) composed of arctic and arctic-alpine elements. The Calluno-Ulicetea, on the other hand, comprises primary (and secondary) heath of low altitudes or secondary heath of the montane to subalpine belt replacing original coniferous forests. (L. Mucina).

AC01 (LOI-01) Rhododendro ferruginei-Vaccinietalia Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Relic acidophilous dwarf-heath mountain tundra in the subalpine and alpine belts of the nemoral mountain ranges of Western, Central and Southern Europe, and the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro ferruginei-Vaccinietalia Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Synonyms

Remark

loi04 | The order is validly published with the Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 as its typus. Therefore, if the Loiseleurio-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926 were to be placed in another order, then ICPN art. 29c would apply and the other order would become a nomen superfluum, because the earliest name Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia would always have the priority. This would apply also if the type of the alliance, the Empetro-Vaccinietum Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926, were placed in another order. (J.-P. Theurillat).

AC01A (LOI-01A) Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Relic alpine silicicolous dwarf heath in wind-exposed habitats of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Synonyms

AC01B (LOI-01B) Rhododendro ferruginei-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. ex Schnyder 1930

Relic subalpine and alpine silicicolous chionophilous low heath of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro ferruginei-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. ex Schnyder 1930

Synonyms

AC01C (LOI-01C) Vaccinion myrtilli Krajina 1933

Relic subalpine and alpine silicicolous chionophilous dwarf heath of the Western Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinion myrtilli Krajina 1933

Synonyms

Remark

loi06 | Šibík et al. (2007; see also Kliment & Valachovič 2007) amended the original concept of Krajina (1933), by excluding the Pinus mugo krummholz and typifying the alliance by choosing the Vaccinietum myrtilli tatricum Szafer et al. 1927 as the lectotypus. (L. Mucina).

AC01D (LOI-01D) Rhododendrion myrtifolii de Foucault ex Theurillat et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Relic subalpine and alpine acidophilous chionophilous dwarf heath of the Eastern and Southern Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendrion myrtifolii de Foucault ex Theurillat et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

loi07 | The invalid 'Rhododendrion kotschyi de Foucault 1991' (de Foucault 1991: 163), is validated here: Rhododendrion myrtifolii de Foucault ex Theurillat et Mucina all. nov. hoc loco. The holotypus (hoc loco) is the Junco trifidi-Rhododendretum kotschyi Resmeriţă 1978 (original name: 'Rhodoreto-Juncetum trifidi Resmeriţă 1975'). The name of the association was published at first as a nomen nudum in Resmeriţă (1975: 345). Then the name was incidentally validly published on p. 370 in Resmeriţă (1978). The diagnostic taxa of the new alliance are Rhododendron myrtifolium, Potentilla aurea subsp. chrysocraspeda and Soldanella major. (J.-P. Theurillat).

AC01E (LOI-01E) Rhododendrion caucasici Onipchenko 2002

Rhododendron-dominated ericoid chionophilous low scrub of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendrion caucasici Onipchenko 2002

Synonyms

AC02 (LOI-02) Vaccinio microphylli-Juniperetalia nanae Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa 1998

Subxeric and subthermophilous low juniper scrub in the supramontane to subalpine belts of Southern Europe and the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio microphylli-Juniperetalia nanae Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa 1998

Synonyms

AC02A (LOI-02A) Juniperion nanae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939

Subalpine chionophobous silicicolous low juniper scrub of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion nanae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939

Synonyms

AC02B (LOI-02B) Daphno oleoidis-Juniperion alpinae Stanisci 1997

Subalpine and supramontane chionophobous calcicolous dry low juniper scrub of the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Daphno oleoidis-Juniperion alpinae Stanisci 1997

Synonyms

AC02C (LOI-02C) Aconito nasuti-Juniperion communis Onipchenko 2002

Subalpine chionophobous silicicolous low juniper scrub of the Caucausus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aconito nasuti-Juniperion communis Onipchenko 2002

Synonyms

Remark

loi10 | It appears that the eponymous taxon called 'Juniperus communis' by Onipchenko (2002) is the local endemic Juniperus communis subsp. oblonga (M. Bieb.) Galushko (considered as a variety by Hantemirova et al. 2012). (L. Mucina).

AC03 (LOI-03) Deschampsio flexuosae-Vaccinietalia myrtilli Dahl 1957

Zonal arctic and montane boreo-arctic acidophilous dwarf heath of Scandinavia, northern Eurasia, Arctic Ocean archipelagos and North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Deschampsio flexuosae-Vaccinietalia myrtilli Dahl 1957

Synonyms

Remark

loi11 | As documented by the synoptic table of de Foucault (1991: 155), there is a marked difference between the relict Vaccinium heath of the European nemoral mountains, and analogous communities found in boreo-atlantic Great Britain, Scandinavia, Northern Russia and the Arctic Ocean islands. The latter are featured in the synoptic table as columns 12 through 15 and show an absence of Rhododendron species and presence of arctic elements such as Betula nana, Carex bigelowii, Diapsensia lapponica, Lycopodium alpinum and Phyllodoce caerulea. This group of communities is here classified as the Deschampsio-Vaccinietalia myrtilli, comprising two alliances − the Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion and the Phyllodoco-Vaccinion. (L. Mucina) FD does not support the concept of this order and prefers classifying this vegetation within the Rhododendro-Vaccinietalia.

AC03A (LOI-03A) Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordhagen 1943

Arctic and boreo-alpine tundra scrub in wind-exposed habitats of Scandinavia, Northern Russia, Svalbard, Iceland and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

Remark

loi12 | Nordhagen's name has the priority over the Loiseleurio-Diapension lapponicae Daniëls 1982 which is a syntaxonomic synonym since the original diagnosis of Daniëls' (1982) alliance includes many elements of the original diagnosis of Nordhagen's alliance, through the inclusion of the elements of the invalidly published suballiance of the Loiseleurio-Diapensenion Br.-Bl et al. 1939 that are also included in the Loiseleurio-Arctostaphylion Kalliola ex Nordhagen 1943. (J.-P. Theurillat) For the relationship of this unit and the Loiseleurio-Vaccinion see Hadač (1972: 357). (L. Mucina).

AC03B (LOI-03B) Phyllodoco-Vaccinion myrtilli Nordhagen 1943

Moderately chionophilous dwarf scrub of the boreal and hemiarctic zones of Fennoscandia, Iceland, Northern Russia and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Phyllodoco-Vaccinion myrtilli Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

Remark

loi16 | The name 'Phyllodoco-Vaccinion myrtilli' is invalidly published in Nordhagen (1937) because there are only sociations in the original diagnosis of the alliance. The name is validly published in Nordhagen (1943). (J.-P. Theurillat).

AD (SAX) Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietea purpurascentis Drees et Daniëls 2009

Cryo-xerophytic steppe and associated scrub on base-rich and (sub)saline substrates in continental Greenland and North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietea purpurascentis Drees et Daniëls 2009

Synonyms

AD01 (SAX-01) Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietalia purpurascentis Drees et Daniëls 2009

Cryo-xerophytic steppe and associated scrub on base-rich and (sub)saline substrates in continental Greenland and North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietalia purpurascentis Drees et Daniëls 2009

Synonyms

AD01A (SAX-01A) Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostion purpurascentis Cooper ex Drees et Daniëls 2009

Cryo-xerophytic steppe and associated scrub on base-rich substrates in continental Greenland and North America

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostion purpurascentis Cooper ex Drees et Daniëls 2009

Synonyms

AD01B (SAX-01B) Puccinellion nuttallianae Daniëls in Chytrý et al. 2015

Low Arctic (sub)saline steppe vegetation on loess and clayey sediments in Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Puccinellion nuttallianae Daniëls in Chytrý et al. 2015

Synonyms

AE (COC) Saxifrago cernuae-Cochlearietea groenlandicae Mucina et Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Vegetation of open grassy tundra disturbed by zoo-anthropogenic activities and cryoturbation in Svalbard and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saxifrago cernuae-Cochlearietea groenlandicae Mucina et Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

coc01 | Here we formally describe this new class by assigning the Phippsio-Cochleariopsietalia groenlandicae (Hadač 1989: 165−167) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the class. This class unites vegetation disturbed (especially by anthropogenic and zoogenic influence) habitats of the arctic zone of the Palearctis. Its ecology, distribution, and delimitations towards other arctic vegetation classes will be handled elsewhere. The diagnostic taxa of the new class are: Cerastium arcticum, Cochlearia groenlandica, Draba alpina, D. corymbosa, Luzula confusa, Papaver radicatum, Phippsia algida subsp. concinna, Potentilla hyparctica, Saxifraga cernua, S. cespitosa, S. flagellaris, S. oppositifolia subsp. oppositifolia, S. rivularis, Stellaria crassipes, Poa alpina and Puccinellia angustata. For other species see the profile of the class in the EuroVegBrowser accompanying this paper. (L. Mucina, F. Daniëls).

AE01 (COC-01) Phippsio-Cochleariopsietalia groenlandicae Hadač 1989

Vegetation of open grassy tundra disturbed by zoo-anthropogenic activities and cryoturbation in Svalbard and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Phippsio-Cochleariopsietalia groenlandicae Hadač 1989

Synonyms

Remark

coc02 | Theurillat & Moravec (1992) suggested that the name Phippsio-Cochleariopsietalia (Hadač 1989) was invalidly published (ICPN art. 8), because the character species given by Hadač (l.c.) were indicated provisionally. However, the formulation used by Hadač "The association, alliance and order may be characterized by Puccinellia angustata and Cochleariopsis groenlandica…" has to be considered as a literary form, and hence not as a provisional indication. In that case the art. 8 would not apply, and the name Phippsio-Cochleariopsietalia should be considered as validly published by Hadač (1989). A preliminary syntaxonomic analysis (Ermakov & Mucina in prep.), suggests that the classes Saxifrago cernuae-Cochleariopsietea groenlandicae and the Matricario-Poetea arcticae Ishbirdin in Sumina 2012 do share some of the species pool, however they remain biogeographically and ecologically very distant. It is therefore the classification of the Phippsio-Cochleariopsietalia groenlandicae Hadač 1989 within the latter class, as suggested by some authors, is not appropriate. (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

AE01A (COC-01A) Cochleariopsion groenlandicae Hadač 1989

Vegetation of anthropogenic disturbed habitats in Svalbard and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cochleariopsion groenlandicae Hadač 1989

Synonyms

AE01B (COC-01B) Cerastio arctici-Saxifragion cernuae H. Hartmann ex Mucina et Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Vegetation of bird-manured and disturbed cliff habitats in Svalbard

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cerastio arctici-Saxifragion cernuae H. Hartmann ex Mucina et Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

coc03 | Hartmann (1980: 114, 118) provisionally described the alliance 'Cerastio-Saxifragion cernuae' (ICPN art. 3b) containing a 'Poa alpigena-Alopecurus alpinus-Gesellschaft' and a community with Poa pratensis and Festuca rubra. Hadač (1989: 146) published validly the former community as an association, the 'Poo alpigenae-Alopecuretum alpini Hartm. ex Hadač 1989' by choosing one relevé in Hartmann's table as the type. He also designated the latter association as the type of the alliance 'Cerastio-Saxifragion cernuae Hartmann 1980' and indicated three species characterizing the alliance. Seemingly, Hadač in so doing incidentally validated Hartmann's provisional name in providing all the needed elements. However, Hadač did not specify which species of the genus Cerastium is eponymous of the name of the alliance and Hartmann (l.c., in his table) did not differentiate C. arcticum from C. alpinum (ICPN art. 3g). Therefore, no incidental validation of the alliance occurred in Hadač (l.c.). Here, we validate the Hartmann's name by providing the missing condition in choosing C. arcticum as the name-giving taxon: Cerastio arctici-Saxifragion cernuae H. Hartmann ex Mucina et Daniëls all. nov. hoc loco; holotypus (hoc loco): Poo alpigenae-Alopecuretum alpini H. Hartmann ex Hadač 1989. The regional character species of the alliance are: Alopecurus magellanicus (syn. A. alpinus Sm.), Cerastium arcticum, Poa alpigena, Saxifraga cespitosa, S. cernua and S. hyperborea. (L. Mucina, F. Daniëls, J.-P. Theurillat) We suggest that the Cerastio-Saxifragion cernuae is conceptually different from the Cochleariopsion groenlandicae Hadač 1989. (L. Mucina, F. Daniëls).

BA (PIC) Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939

Holarctic coniferous and boreo-subarctic birch forests on oligotrophic and leached soils in the boreal zone and at high-altitudes of mountains in the nemoral zone of Eurasia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio-Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939

Synonyms

Remark

pic01 | The class in this syntaxonomic circumscription, includes also the wooded bogs classified by some (e.g. Stortelder et al. 1999; Berg et al. 2004) within the Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea Passarge 1968. (L. Mucina) The placement of the wooded bogs within the Vaccinio-Piceetea is justified because they often occur on a thin layer of peat with trees rooted in the mineral soil. The species composition also comprises many species of typical boreal coniferous forests. (M. Chytrý) The Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea does not have its own character species, and the physiognomic differences from the Vaccinio-Piceetea are small. These are bogs with only scattered or low-grown trees with undergrowth that does not differ from the Oxycocco-Sphagnetea. (M. Hájek) The classification of this vegetation within the Vaccinio-Piceetea should be seen as a compromise. (L. Mucina) For the nomenclature related to the name see Willner et al. (2015b). (W. Willner, L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

BA01 (PIC-01) Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928

European boreo-montane and subalpine spruce and pine forests on nutrient-poor soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Piceetalia excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Synonyms

BA01A (PIC-01A) Piceion excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928

European boreo-montane spruce forests and subalpine open pine woods on nutrient-poor podzolic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Piceion excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Synonyms

BA01B (PIC-01B) Pinion peucis Horvat 1950

Acidophilous Macedonian-pine forests in the montane to subalpine belts of the Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinion peucis Horvat 1950

Synonyms

BA02 (PIC-02) Piceo obovatae-Pinetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2013

Zonal mesophilous boreal coniferous forests on podzolic soils of easternmost European Russia, the Urals and Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Piceo obovatae-Pinetalia sibiricae Ermakov 2013

Synonyms

BA02A (PIC-02A) Aconito rubicundi-Abietion sibiricae Anenkhonov et Chytrý 1998

Zonal mesophilous boreal coniferous forests with tall-herb undergrowth of easternmost European Russia, the Urals and Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aconito rubicundi-Abietion sibiricae Anenkhonov et Chytrý 1998

Synonyms

BA03 (PIC-03) Pinetalia sylvestris Oberd. 1957

Holarctic boreo-temperate pine forests on nutrient-poor and hydromorphic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinetalia sylvestris Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

BA03A (PIC-03A) Dicrano-Pinion sylvestris (Libbert 1933) W. Matuszkiewicz 1962 nom. conserv. propos.

European temperate and subboreal pine forests on nutrient-poor acidic sandy soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dicrano-Pinion sylvestris (Libbert 1933) W. Matuszkiewicz 1962 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

pic09 | The name 'Dicrano-Pinion (Libbert 1933) W. Matuszkiewicz 1962' is widely used in the recent syntaxonomic literature in accordance with its type (e.g. Wallnöfer 1993; Pott 1995; Hommel et al. 1998; Schubert et al. 2001; Rennwald 2002). It should therefore be protected following the ICPN art. 52 against the older, yet rarely used and conceptually ambiguous name 'Pinion (Libbert 1933) Oberd. 1957'. A formal proposal towards this end was made by Dengler et al. (2004) and Zelený in Chytrý (2013). (J. Dengler, L. Mucina).

BA03B (PIC-03B) Cladonio stellaris-Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund ex Ermakov et Morozova 2011

Northern European and Western Siberian boreal oligotrophic pine forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cladonio stellaris-Pinion sylvestris Kielland-Lund ex Ermakov et Morozova 2011

Synonyms

BA04 (PIC-04) Vaccinio myrtilli-Betuletalia pubescentis Mucina et Willner ined.

European boreo-subarctic and orotemperate birch woods and krummholz on nutrient-poor podzolic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio myrtilli-Betuletalia pubescentis Mucina et Willner ined.

Synonyms

Remark

pic11 | The formal description of this unit will be presented elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

BA04A (PIC-04A) Betulion carpatico-pubescentis Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Orotemperate birch forests on podzolic soils in the montane and subalpine belts of the Alps and the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Betulion carpatico-pubescentis Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

BA04B (PIC-04B) Empetro hermaphroditi-Betulion pumilae Mucina, Willner et Grabherr ined.

Boreal-subartic low birch woods and krummholz of Scandinavia and the Arctic Ocean islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Empetro hermaphroditi-Betulion pumilae Mucina, Willner et Grabherr ined.

Synonyms

Remark

pic12 | The formal description of this unit will be presented elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

BA05 (PIC-05) Ledo palustris-Laricetalia gmelinii Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004

Northeastern Eurasian taiga on long-frozen soils and permafrost

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ledo palustris-Laricetalia gmelinii Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004

Synonyms

BA05A (PIC-05A) Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova et al. 2008

Northeastern European taiga on long-frozen soils and permafrost

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova et al. 2008

Synonyms

BA06 (PIC-06) Athyrio filicis-feminae-Piceetalia Hadač in Hadač et al. 1969

European boreo-montane spruce, fir and pine forests on nutrient-rich soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Athyrio filicis-feminae-Piceetalia Hadač in Hadač et al. 1969

Synonyms

BA06A (PIC-06A) Chrysanthemo rotundifolii-Piceion (Krajina 1933) Březina et Hadač in Hadač 1962

Mesic herb-rich spruce forests of the Central and Northern European mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chrysanthemo rotundifolii-Piceion (Krajina 1933) Březina et Hadač in Hadač 1962

Synonyms

BA06B (PIC-06B) Abieti-Piceion (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) Soó 1964

Mesophilous fir forests on brown forest soils of the Central and southwestern European mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Abieti-Piceion (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939) Soó 1964

Synonyms

BA06C (PIC-06C) Calamagrostio-Abietion Horvat 1962 nom. invers. propos.

Mesic herb-rich fir forests on limestone and dolomite boulder screes in the montane and subalpine belts of the Western Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calamagrostio-Abietion Horvat 1962 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

pic13 | The inversion of the name was proposed in Trinajstić (2008: 120) and Šilc & Čarni (2012: 160). This step was motivated by the fact that Abies alba is the dominating element of the uppermost tree layer. (L. Mucina).

BA06D (PIC-06D) Seslerio caeruleae-Pinion uncinatae Vigo 1974

Mesic herb-rich pine forests in the montane and subalpine belts of the Western Alps and the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerio caeruleae-Pinion uncinatae Vigo 1974

Synonyms

BA07 (PIC-07) Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetalia sylvestris Passarge 1968

Eurasian open pine and spruce woods in oligotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetalia sylvestris Passarge 1968

Synonyms

BA07A (PIC-07A) Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968

Eurasian open pine woods in oligotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968

Synonyms

Remark

pic15 | The formal proposition towards the name conservation (Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinion sylvestris Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968 nom. conserv. propos.) was published in Willner & Grabherr (2007: 237). (L. Mucina).

BA07B (PIC-07B) Eriophoro-Piceion abietis Passarge 1968

Eurasian spruce forests on oligotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Eriophoro-Piceion abietis Passarge 1968

Synonyms

BA08 (PIC-08) Calamagrostio purpureae-Piceetalia obovatae Lapshina 2010

Boreal spruce mires of Eastern Europe and Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calamagrostio purpureae-Piceetalia obovatae Lapshina 2010

Synonyms

BA08A (PIC-08A) Calamagrostio canescentis-Piceion abietis Solomeshch in Willner et al. 2015

Boreal spruce mires of Eastern Europe and Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calamagrostio canescentis-Piceion abietis Solomeshch in Willner et al. 2015

Synonyms

BB (ASA) Asaro europaei-Abietetea sibiricae Ermakov, Mucina et Zhitlukhina in Willner et al. 2016

Cool-temperate coniferous and mixed montane forests with nemoral and hemiboreal floristic elements of the Southern Urals and Southern Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Asaro europaei-Abietetea sibiricae Ermakov, Mucina et Zhitlukhina in Willner et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

asa01 | The Abietetalia sibiricae forms a zonal geographical margin of the Carpino-Fagetea in the Urals, at the eastern limit of its range and it represents a relict nemoral (subnemoral) vegetation type of Siberia. The floristic differences between this order and the Carpino-Fagetea are obvious and deserve to be recognised at the level of class (see Zhitlukhina & Ermakov in Willner et al. 2016a for the formal description of the class). This vegetation occurs on moist nutrient-rich loamy soils in the foothills and low mountain ranges (300−800 m a.s.l.) of the Southern Urals and in isolated refugial areas of Southern Siberia, characterised by local ultra-humid low-continental climate. (N. Ermakov).

BB01 (ASA-01) Abietetalia sibiricae (Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000) Ermakov 2006

Cool-temperate coniferous and mixed broad-leaved coniferous montane forests with nemoral and hemiboreal floristic elements of the Southern Urals and Southern Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Abietetalia sibiricae (Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000) Ermakov 2006

Synonyms

BB01A (ASA-01A) Aconito septentrionalis-Piceion obovatae Solomeshch, Grigoriev, Khaziakhmetov et Baisheva in Martynenko et al. 2008

Cool-temperate coniferous and mixed broad-leaved coniferous montane forests of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aconito septentrionalis-Piceion obovatae Solomeshch, Grigoriev, Khaziakhmetov et Baisheva in Martynenko et al. 2008

Synonyms

BC (BRA) Brachypodio pinnati-Betuletea pendulae Ermakov et al. 1991

Hemiboreal pine and birch-pine herb-rich open forests on fertile soils of the Southern Urals and Southern Siberia, and relict birch-poplar forests of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodio pinnati-Betuletea pendulae Ermakov et al. 1991

Synonyms

BC01 (BRA-01) Chamaecytiso ruthenici-Pinetalia sylvestris Solomeshch et Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000

Hemiboreal pine and birch-pine herb-rich open forests on fertile soils of the Southern Urals and Southern Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chamaecytiso ruthenici-Pinetalia sylvestris Solomeshch et Ermakov in Ermakov et al. 2000

Synonyms

BC01A (BRA-01A) Caragano fruticis-Pinion sylvestris Solomeshch et al. 2002

Xeric pine-larch herb-rich open forests of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caragano fruticis-Pinion sylvestris Solomeshch et al. 2002

Synonyms

BC01B (BRA-01B) Veronico teucrii-Pinion sylvestris Ermakov et Solomeshch in Ermakov et al. 2000

Birch-pine, pine and larch herb-rich open forests on dry soils of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Veronico teucrii-Pinion sylvestris Ermakov et Solomeshch in Ermakov et al. 2000

Synonyms

BC01C (BRA-01C) Trollio europaei-Pinion sylvestris Fedorov in Ermakov et al. 2000

Birch-pine herb-rich open forests on mesic soils of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trollio europaei-Pinion sylvestris Fedorov in Ermakov et al. 2000

Synonyms

BC02 (BRA-02) Fragario vescae-Populetalia tremulae Willner et Mucina in Willner et al. 2016 nom. inval. (3b)

Relict extrazonal temperate deciduous birch-poplar woods on mineral soils of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fragario vescae-Populetalia tremulae Willner et Mucina in Willner et al. 2016 nom. inval. (3b)

Synonyms

Remark

bra01 | This (preliminary coined) order comprises natural pioneer and secondary birch-poplar woods on mineral soils in the temperate zone of Europe. The tree species composition resembles the forests that dominated Europe in the Early Holocene, i.e. before the Carpino-Fagetea species returned from their glacial refugia. See also Willner et al. (2016). (W. Willner).

BC02A (BRA-02A) Fragario vescae-Populion tremulae Willner et Mucina ined.

Relict extrazonal temperate deciduous birch-poplar woods on mineral soils of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fragario vescae-Populion tremulae Willner et Mucina ined.

Synonyms

BD (PYR) Pyrolo-Pinetea sylvestris Korneck 1974

Euro-Siberian (sub)continental psammophilous (sub)thermophilous steppic pine forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pyrolo-Pinetea sylvestris Korneck 1974

Synonyms

Remark

pyr01 | Some authors (Oberdorfer et al. 1967; Passarge & Hofmann 1968; Korneck 1974; Oberdorfer in Oberdorfer 1992: 33–41) have classified some slightly basiphilous pine forests with continental drought-adapted species in Germany in the Pyrolo-Pinetea Korneck 1974 (syn. Pulsatillo-Pinetea Oberdorfer in Oberdorfer et al. 1967; Festuco-Pinetea sylvestris Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968). The concept of this class is based on the assumption that similar pine forests are widespread in the forest-steppe zone of the Eastern Europe and Western Siberia. Ermakov (1999, 2003) classified dry pine forests on sandy soils in the forest-steppe zone of southwestern Siberia into the Pyrolo-Pinetea. Recent studies of German and Polish basiphilous dry pine forests (W. Matuszkiewicz 1962; Heinken & Zippel 1999; J.M. Matuszkiewicz 2001; Heinken 2008), consider analogous vegetation types only at the association level and classify them within the Dicrano-Pinion. As there is no comprehensive comparative study of the East European dry pine forests, I support the compromise solution proposed by Berg (in Berg et al. 2004: 459–468), assigning the basiphilous dry pine forests of Central Europe to the Festuco-Pinion sylvestris (the Vaccinio-Piceetea). (M. Chytrý) Russian and Ukrainian authors (Ermakov et al. 2000; Solomakha 2008; both using the name 'Pulsatillo-Pinetea') prefer to retain this syntaxonomic concept at the class level. (L. Mucina, N. Ermakov) Oberdorfer et al. (1967: 51–51) introduced a suggestion by D. Korneck combining the Pulsatillo-Pinetea (described, albeit invalidly, in the same paper) and the Erico-Pinetea to form a new class – the Pyrolo-Pinetea. The latter class has been described validly later (Korneck 1974: 168) with reference to the original suggestion, but the protologue of the Pyrolo-Pinetea does not anymore suggest the option of also including the Erico-Pinetea. (L. Mucina).

BD01 (PYR-01) Astragalo monspessulani-Pinetalia sylvestris Oberd. in Theurillat et al. 1995

Thermophilous steppic pine forests in deep valleys of the Central and Western Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astragalo monspessulani-Pinetalia sylvestris Oberd. in Theurillat et al. 1995

Synonyms

Remark

pyr02 | Bardat et al. (2004) suggested incorporating this order into the Erico-Pinetea – a view we do not support due to very different ecology and species composition of the understorey as well as contrasting evolutionary community assembly of the Erico-Pinetea and Pyrolo-Pinetea. (L. Mucina).

BD01A (PYR-01A) Ononido rotundifoliae-Pinion sylvestris Br.-Bl. 1950

Thermophilous steppic pine forests in deep valleys of the Central and Western Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ononido rotundifoliae-Pinion sylvestris Br.-Bl. 1950

Synonyms

BD02 (PYR-02) Festuco-Pinetalia sylvestris Passarge 1968

Subcontinental north-temperate and subboreal psammophilous pine forests in the lowlands of Central and Northern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco-Pinetalia sylvestris Passarge 1968

Synonyms

BD02A (PYR-02A) Festuco-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968

Subcontinental north-temperate and subboreal psammophilous pine forests in the lowlands of Central and Northern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco-Pinion sylvestris Passarge 1968

Synonyms

BD03 (PYR-03) Koelerio glaucae-Pinetalia sylvestris Ermakov 1999

Continental xeric psammophilous pine forests in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerio glaucae-Pinetalia sylvestris Ermakov 1999

Synonyms

BD03A (PYR-03A) Koelerio glaucae-Pinion sylvestris Ermakov 1999

Continental xeric psammophilous pine forests in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerio glaucae-Pinion sylvestris Ermakov 1999

Synonyms

CA (FAG) Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968

Mesic deciduous and mixed forests of temperate Europe, Anatolia, the Caucasus and Southern Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae Jakucs ex Passarge 1968

Synonyms

Remark

fag01 | Several authors have argued that the name Querco-Fagetea cannot be maintained when the Quercetea pubescentis is accepted as a separate class. A new analysis of the complex nomenclature surrounding this name supports this view (see Willner et al. 2015b). (W. Willner).

CA01 (FAG-01) Luzulo-Fagetalia sylvaticae Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Acidophilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests on nutrient-poor soils in the nemoral zone of temperate Europe and as relicts at high altitudes of Corsica

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Luzulo-Fagetalia sylvaticae Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Synonyms

Remark

fag03 | The classification of the Luzulo-Fagetalia and the Luzulo-Fagion is highly controversial. Some authors classify these syntaxa in the Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae (e.g. Theurillat et al. 1995). However, the montane acidophilous beech forests of Central and Southern Europe are floristically closely connected with those of base-rich substrates (e.g. Bergmeier & Dimopoulos 2001; Willner 2002; Tzonev et al. 2006). (E. Bergmeier, M. Chytrý, R. Di Pietro, W. Willner) L. Mucina and J.-P. Theurillat prefer classifying the Luzulo-Fagetalia within the Quercetea robori-sessiliflorae.

CA01A (FAG-01A) Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Lohmeyer et Tx. in Tx. 1954

Acidophilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Luzulo-Fagion sylvaticae Lohmeyer et Tx. in Tx. 1954

Synonyms

CA01B (FAG-01B) Ilici-Fagion sylvaticae Br.-Bl. 1967

Acidophilous beech forests of the atlantic regions of southwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ilici-Fagion sylvaticae Br.-Bl. 1967

Synonyms

CA01C (FAG-01C) Galio rotundifolii-Fagion Gamisans 1975

Relict acidophilous beech forests on nutrient-poor soils of Corsica

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Galio rotundifolii-Fagion Gamisans 1975

Synonyms

CA02 (FAG-02) Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawłowski 1928

Basiphilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests in the nemoral zone and in the montane belt of the submediterranean regions of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawłowski 1928

Synonyms

Remark

fag04 | The further subdivision of this order reflects the biogeographic differentiation and post-glacial history of European beech forests. However, the extensive splitting as proposed by some authors (e.g. Dierschke & Bohn 2004) is not supported by floristic evidence (see also the Remark for the Fagion sylvaticae). For the complex nomenclature of the name Fagetalia sylvaticae see Willner et al. (2015b). (W. Willner).

CA02A (FAG-02A) Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1950) Borhidi in Török et al. 1989

Refugial basiphilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests of the northwestern Balkans and the Eastern Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aremonio-Fagion (Horvat 1950) Borhidi in Török et al. 1989

Synonyms

Remark

fag06 | This alliance represents the main refugium area of European beech forests located in the northwest of the Balkan Peninsula (Magri et al. 2006; Willner et al. 2009). It includes two suballiances − the Ostryo-Fagenion (thermophilous beech forests) and the Lonicero alpigenae-Fagenion (montane beech and beech-fir forests; incl. Lamio orvalae-Fagenion) according to Willner (2002). (W. Willner).

CA02B (FAG-02B) Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926

Partly refugial post-glacial basiphilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests of the temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fagion sylvaticae Luquet 1926

Synonyms

Remark

fag07 | This alliance includes all basiphilous beech forests lacking numerous diagnostic species of the Aremonio-Fagion and of the Geranio-Fagion found in the two main refugial areas of European beech forests − the Balkans and the Apennines, respectively. The various alliances proposed for other putative refugia (e.g. the Scillo-Fagion for the Pyrenees, the Symphyto-Fagion for the Carpathians) have only weak floristic support. Instead, several geographically defined suballiances of the thermophilous and mesic beech forests could be distinguished within the Fagion sylvaticae. (W. Willner) L. Mucina disagrees and suggests recognising the Scillo-Fagion and the Symphyto-Fagion as alliances in their own right.

CA02C (FAG-02C) Geranio striati-Fagion Gentile 1970

Refugial basiphilous beech and mixed fir-beech forests of Southern Italy and the southwestern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Geranio striati-Fagion Gentile 1970

Synonyms

Remark

fag10 | This alliance represents the main refugium area of the European beech forests located in Southern Italy as well as the putative refugia in Northern Hellas (Magri et al. 2006; Willner et al. 2009). (W. Willner).

CA03 (FAG-03) Carpinetalia betuli P. Fukarek 1968

Oak-hornbeam and mesic oak forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of the temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carpinetalia betuli P. Fukarek 1968

Synonyms

Remark

fag12 | Bardat et al. (2004) used the rank of suborder (the Carpino betuli-Fagenalia sylvaticae; typus: Carpinion betuli; valid name: Carpino betuli-Fagenalia sylvaticae Rameau in Royer et al. 2006) for this syntaxonomic concept. (J.-P. Theurillat).

CA03A (FAG-03A) Carpinion betuli Issler 1931

Oak-hornbeam forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of the cool-temperate Europe and the British Isles

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carpinion betuli Issler 1931

Synonyms

CA03B (FAG-03B) Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercion roboris Rivas-Mart. et Izco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Oak forests on deep base-rich gleyic soils of the atlantic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercion roboris Rivas-Mart. et Izco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

CA03C (FAG-03C) Erythronio-Carpinion (Horvat 1958) Marinček in Wallnöfer et al. 1993

Oak-hornbeam forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of the Balkans and Northern Italy

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erythronio-Carpinion (Horvat 1958) Marinček in Wallnöfer et al. 1993

Synonyms

CA03D (FAG-03D) Castaneo sativae-Carpinion orientalis Quézel, Barbero et Akman ex Quézel et al. 1993

Thermophilous hornbeam forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of the southastern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Castaneo sativae-Carpinion orientalis Quézel, Barbero et Akman ex Quézel et al. 1993

Synonyms

CA03E (FAG-03E) Paeonio dauricae-Quercion petraeae Didukh 1996

Mesic deciduous oak forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Paeonio dauricae-Quercion petraeae Didukh 1996

Synonyms

CA03F (FAG-03F) Querco roboris-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et Laiviņš ex Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015

Subboreal broad-leaved and mixed forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of northwestern Russia and the Baltic countries

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Querco roboris-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et Laiviņš ex Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015

Synonyms

Remark

fag13 | This continental zonal vegetation type replaces the Carpinion betuli in Eastern Europe. (DI) Some authors (e.g. Onyshchenko 2010) place this alliance within the Fagetalia sylvaticae. (L. Mucina) The 'Tilio-Acerion' sensu Dierßen & Dierßen (1996) probably also belongs to this alliance. (W. Willner).

CA03G (FAG-03G) Scillo sibericae-Quercion roboris Onyshchenko 2009

Mesic deciduous mixed forests on deep nutrient-rich soils in the eastern forest-steppe zone and as extrazonal in the steppe zone of Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scillo sibericae-Quercion roboris Onyshchenko 2009

Synonyms

CA03H (FAG-03H) Aconito lycoctoni-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et Grigoriev in Willner et al. 2016

Subthermophilous broad-leaved forests on deep nutrient-rich soils of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aconito lycoctoni-Tilion cordatae Solomeshch et Grigoriev in Willner et al. 2016

Synonyms

CA04 (FAG-04) Lathyro-Carpinetalia caucasicae Passarge 1981

Euxino-Hyrcanian xero-mesic oak-hornbeam forests on calcareous soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lathyro-Carpinetalia caucasicae Passarge 1981

Synonyms

CA04A (FAG-04A) Crataego-Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981

Caucasian xero-mesic oak-hornbeam forest on brown forest soils over limestone in the lower montane belt

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crataego-Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981

Synonyms

CA04B (FAG-04B) Astrantio-Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981

Caucasian xero-mesic oak-hornbeam forests on shallow calcareous soils on steep slopes in the upper montane belt

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astrantio-Carpinion caucasicae Passarge 1981

Synonyms

CA05 (FAG-05) Aceretalia pseudoplatani Moor 1976 nom. conserv. propos.

Scree and ravine maple-lime forests of the nemoral zone of the temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aceretalia pseudoplatani Moor 1976 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

fag14 | The formal proposal for the conservation of this name was published in Willner (2015). (L. Mucina).

CA05A (FAG-05A) Tilio-Acerion Klika 1955

Sycamore maple forests in the montane belt and cool ravines of the Central European mountain ranges

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tilio-Acerion Klika 1955

Synonyms

Remark

fag15 | The concept of the Tilio-Acerion presented here is much narrower than in most previous studies. Therefore, it might be advisable to reject the name Tilio-Acerion and to conserve the name Lunario-Acerion Moor 1973 for the cool temperate maple forests. Yet we refrain from putting forward a formal proposal to this effect at this stage since the delimitation of the alliances within the Aceretalia pseudoplatani needs further study. (W. Willner, J.-P. Theurillat) L. Mucina and M. Chytrý do not support this suggestion since the use of the name Tilio-Acerion did not show serious signs of misinterpretation in the past.

CA05B (FAG-05B) Melico-Tilion platyphylli Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Thermophilous lime forests on scree slopes at low altitudes of the southern regions of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Melico-Tilion platyphylli Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Synonyms

CA05C (FAG-05C) Dryopterido affinis-Fraxinion excelsioris Vanden Berghen ex Bœuf et al. in Bœuf 2011

Atlantic ash-maple scree forests of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dryopterido affinis-Fraxinion excelsioris Vanden Berghen ex Bœuf et al. in Bœuf 2011

Synonyms

Remark

fag16 | This unit was described in Vanden Berghen (1969), under the 'Fraxino-Carpinion, sous-alliance à Hypericum androsaemum' (ICPN art. 3e). Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002a) included the Atlantic ash-maple forests in the Pulmonario longifoliae-Quercion roboris. (W. Willner).

CA05D (FAG-05D) Fraxino excelsioris-Acerion pseudoplatani P. Fukarek 1969

Submediterranean mesophilous broad-leaved ash-maple scree and ravine forests of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fraxino excelsioris-Acerion pseudoplatani P. Fukarek 1969

Synonyms

CA05E (FAG-05E) Ostryo carpinifoliae-Tilion platyphylli (Košir et al. 2008) Čarni in Willner et al. 2016

Submediterranean xero-thermophilous broad-leaved scree and ravine forests of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ostryo carpinifoliae-Tilion platyphylli (Košir et al. 2008) Čarni in Willner et al. 2016

Synonyms

CA05F (FAG-05F) Tilio pseudorubrae-Ostryion carpinifoliae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Submediterranean broad-leaved scree and ravine forests of the Southern Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tilio pseudorubrae-Ostryion carpinifoliae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

CA06 (FAG-06) Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis Passarge 1981

Euxino-Hyrcanian oriental beech forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis Passarge 1981

Synonyms

CA06A (FAG-06A) Fagion orientalis Soó 1964

Oriental beech forests of the southeastern Balkan Peninsula, the Caucasus, Northern Anatolia and the Colchis region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fagion orientalis Soó 1964

Synonyms

Remark

fag18 | The name Fagion orientalis was validly published in Soó (1964) on the basis of the 'Lauroceraso-Fagetum orientalis bulgaricum' Soó 1964 nom. illeg. (ICPN art. 34). The latter association was described validly in the same publication (on pages 56-59) by presenting a synoptic table (showing differentiated constancy-classes) based on data by I. Penew. (L. Mucina, W. Willner).

CA06B (FAG-06B) Dentario quinquefoliae-Fagion Didukh 1996

Mesic Crimean beech forests on basic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dentario quinquefoliae-Fagion Didukh 1996

Synonyms

Remark

fag20 | Recent genomic studies suggest that Fagus occurring in Crimea (at a specific level called F. taurica Popl.) might be of a hybrid origin, involving Fagus sylvatica s.str. and F. orientalis as putative parents. According to Gömöry & Paule (2010), F. taurica is evolutionary closer to F. orientalis than to F. sylvatica s.str. In any case, the Crimean Fagus forests appear to be ecologically and biogeographically closer to the Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis then to the Fagetalia sylvaticae. (L. Mucina) This alliance should be classified in the Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawłowski 1928. (Y. Didukh).

CB (PUB) Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Oak, mixed deciduous and conifer woods of warm regions in the cool-temperate nemoral zone of Central and Southern Europe and in the supramediterranean belt of the Mediterranean, Asia Minor and Middle East

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Synonyms

Remark

pub01 | Several authors (e.g. Willner & Grabherr 2007; Trinajstić 2008; Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011) prefer to include the content of this class within the 'Querco-Fagetea'. (L. Mucina).

CB01 (PUB-01) Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Klika 1933

Oak forests of the warm cool-temperate regions in the nemoral zone of Central and Southern Europe and relic supramediterranean fir-pine and oak forests of the Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Klika 1933

Synonyms

Remark

pub02 | This order comprises forests dominated by oaks (Q. pubescens, Q. cerris, Q. petraea, Q. frainetto, Q. faginea and others), hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) as well as Mediterranean relict fir species (A. cephalonica and A. pinsapo). The distribution of the order spans Spain in the West and Crimea in the East and its communities occur on both acidic and calcareous substrates. The large number of alliances and the obvious syntaxonomic heterogeneity of this order call for a profound pan-European syntaxonomic revision. (L. Mucina, W. Willner).

CB01A (PUB-01A) Quercion petraeae Issler 1931

Thermophilous Central European acidophilous oak forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion petraeae Issler 1931

Synonyms

CB01B (PUB-01B) Quercion pubescenti-petraeae Br.-Bl. 1932 nom. mut.

Thermophilous Central European calciphilous oak forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion pubescenti-petraeae Br.-Bl. 1932 nom. mut.

Synonyms

Remark

pub03 | A proposal to mutate the name was presented by Chytrý (1997) and Willner & Grabherr (2007: 228) (see also Willner et al. 2011). (L. Mucina).

CB01C (PUB-01C) Aceri tatarici-Quercion Zólyomi 1957

Thermophilous oak forests on deep soils in the forest-steppe zone of the Pontic-Pannonian region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aceri tatarici-Quercion Zólyomi 1957

Synonyms

CB01D (PUB-01D) Lathyro pisiformis-Quercion roboris Solomeshch et Grigoriev in Willner et al. 2015

Thermophilous oak forests on fertile dark grey soils of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lathyro pisiformis-Quercion roboris Solomeshch et Grigoriev in Willner et al. 2015

Synonyms

CB01E (PUB-01E) Aceri granatensis-Quercion fagineae (Rivas Goday, Rigual et Rivas-Mart. 1960) Rivas-Mart. 1987

Supramediterranean submediterranean mesophytic oak and maple forests of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aceri granatensis-Quercion fagineae (Rivas Goday, Rigual et Rivas-Mart. 1960) Rivas-Mart. 1987

Synonyms

CB01F (PUB-01F) Fraxino orni-Ostryion Tomažič 1940

Amphiadriatic mesic calcareous submediterranean (sub)montane and inland oak and hop-hornbeam forests on shallow soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fraxino orni-Ostryion Tomažič 1940

Synonyms

CB01G (PUB-01G) Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958

Amphiadriatic low-altitude calcareous thermophilous oak and oriental hornbeam forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carpinion orientalis Horvat 1958

Synonyms

CB01H (PUB-01H) Syringo-Carpinion orientalis Jakucs (1959) 1960

Submediterranean thermophilous oriental-hornbeam forests of the Central and Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Syringo-Carpinion orientalis Jakucs (1959) 1960

Synonyms

CB01I (PUB-01I) Elytrigio nodosae-Quercion pubescentis Didukh 1996

Crimean submediterranean thermophilous oak woods

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Elytrigio nodosae-Quercion pubescentis Didukh 1996

Synonyms

CB01J (PUB-01J) Campanulo sibiricae-Pinion brutiae Litvinskaya et Postarnak ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Western Caucasian submediterranean thermophilous Pinus brutia forests on calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Campanulo sibiricae-Pinion brutiae Litvinskaya et Postarnak ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

pub04 | This unit was described under name ‘Campanulo longistylae-Pinion pithyusae’ by Litvinskaya & Postarnak (2002). Formally (missing ‘typus’ expressis verbis) all three associations (Campanulo longistylae-Pinetum pithyusae, ‘Epymedio colchici-Pinetum pithyusae’ and Trachymeno orientalis-Quercetum iberici) were invalidly published. The Epimedio colchici-Pinetum pithyusae has been selected as the ‘nomenklaturni tip’ (= nomenclature type in Russian) of the Campanulo longistylae-Pinion pithyusae, however again the authors failed to introduce the nomenclature type as ‘typus’ expressis verbis. It is therefore I validate the description of the Epimedio colchici-Pinetum pithyusae by re-assigning the relevé on page 256 in Litvinskaya & Postarnak (2001) as the holotypus hoc loco of the association and assign this validly described association (Epimedio colchici-Pinetum pithyusae Litvinskaya et Postarnak ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the Campanulo sibiricae-Pinion brutiae Litvinskaya et Postarnak ex Mucina all. nov. hoc loco. (Campanula longistyla Fomin is synonymous with C. sibirica L., and Pinus pithyusa Steven is synonymous with P. halepensis subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe) The relationship of these relict warm-temperate (submediterranean) P. brutia forests (from calcareus substrates at low-altitudes in the northwestern parts of the Transcaucasian Colchis region) and the true mediterranean P. brutia forest (see Pinetalia halepensis) will be handled elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

CB01K (PUB-01K) Physospermo-Quercion petraeae A.O. Horvát 1976

Thermophilous chestnut and oak forests on neutral and acidic substrates of insubrian Northern Italy

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Physospermo-Quercion petraeae A.O. Horvát 1976

Synonyms

CB01L (PUB-01L) Crataego laevigatae-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997

Submediterranean acidophilous thermophilous oak forests of the central and southern regions of the Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crataego laevigatae-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997

Synonyms

Remark

pub05 | For a solution to the complicated syntaxonomy and nomenclature of this syntaxon consult Di Pietro et al. (2010). (L. Mucina).

CB01M (PUB-01M) Pino calabricae-Quercion congestae S. Brullo et al. 1999

Submediterranean montane Siculo-Calabrian pine-oak woods

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pino calabricae-Quercion congestae S. Brullo et al. 1999

Synonyms

CB01N (PUB-01N) Quercion confertae Horvat 1958

Thermophilous deciduous oak forests on slightly acidic deep soils of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion confertae Horvat 1958

Synonyms

CB01O (PUB-01O) Quercion petraeo-cerridis Lakušić et B. Jovanović in B. Jovanović et al. ex Čarni et Mucina 2015

Thermophilous montane oak forests of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion petraeo-cerridis Lakušić et B. Jovanović in B. Jovanović et al. ex Čarni et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

CB01P (PUB-01P) Melittio albidae-Quercion Barbero et Quézel 1977 nom. illeg. (31)

Thermophilous deciduous oak forests on slightly acidic deep soils of the Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Melitto albidae-Quercion Barbero et Quézel 1976

Synonyms

CB01Q (PUB-01Q) Paeonio broteroi-Abietion pinsapo (Rivas-Mart. 1987) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Relict Betic (Southern Iberian) fir forests on dolomitic and ultramafic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Paeonio broteroi-Abietion pinsapo (Rivas-Mart. 1987) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

CB01R (PUB-01R) Lathyro veneti-Taxion baccatae Čarni et Mucina 2015

Relict mixed deciduous oak and yew forests of Corsica and Sardinia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lathyro veneti-Taxion baccatae Čarni et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

CB01S (PUB-01S) Abietion cephalonicae Horvat et al. 1974

Relict supramediterranean Hellenic fir and black pine montane forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Abietion cephalonicae Horvat et al. 1974

Synonyms

CB01T (PUB-01T) Quercion macrolepidis Zohary ex Di Pietro et al. ined.

Relict mesomediterranean deciduous oak forests of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion macrolepidis Zohary ex Di Pietro et al. ined.

Synonyms

CB02 (PUB-02) Querco-Cedretalia libani Barbero et al. 1974

Relict supramediterranean cedar woods of Southern Anatolia, Syria, Lebanon and Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Querco-Cedretalia libani Barbero et al. 1974

Synonyms

CB02A (PUB-02A) Querco-Cedrion libani Barbero et al. 1974

Relict supramediterranean cedar woods of Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Querco-Cedrion libani Barbero et al. 1974

Synonyms

CC (QUE) Quercetea robori-petraeae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Oberd. 1957

Acidophilous oak and oak-birch forests on nutrient-poor soils of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetea robori-petraeae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

Remark

que01 | Some authors (e.g. Bardat et al. 2004; Willner & Grabherr 2007; Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011) prefer to include the contents of this class within the 'Querco-Fagetea'. (L. Mucina, W. Willner) For the nomenclature related to the name see Willner et al. (2015b). (W. Willner, L. Mucina, J. Pallas, J.-P. Theurillat).

CC01 (QUE-01) Quercetalia roboris Tx. 1931

Acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetalia roboris Tx. 1931

Synonyms

Remark

que04 | Redžić (2007) classified this order within the Quercetea pubescentis. (L. Mucina).

CC01A (QUE-01A) Hymenophyllo-Quercion petraeae Pallas 2000

Hyperoceanic humid acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of Ireland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hymenophyllo-Quercion petraeae Pallas 2000

Synonyms

CC01B (QUE-01B) Quercion roboris Malcuit 1929

Temperate atlantic and subatlantic acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion roboris Malcuit 1929

Synonyms

Remark

que06 | J. Pallas prefers to separate northern and southern temperate forests at the level of alliances (Pallas in Bohn et al. 2003: 250−253). However, the floristic differences between these two units (Molinio-Quercion roboris and Quercion roboris s.str., respectively) are rather weak and perhaps more appropriate to be recognised at the suballiance level. (W. Willner).

CC01C (QUE-01C) Agrostio-Quercion petraeae Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Temperate acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostio-Quercion petraeae Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Synonyms

Remark

que07 | J. Pallas prefers to separate northern and southern temperate forests at the level of alliances (Pallas in Bohn et al. 2003: 250−253). However, the floristic differences between these two units (Vaccinio myrtilli-Quercion petraeae and Agrostio-Quercion petraeae s.str., respectively) are rather weak, and perhaps more appropriate to be recognised at the suballiance level. (W. Willner).

CC01D (QUE-01D) Quercion pyrenaicae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Martínez 1965

Acidophilous oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of the Northern Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion pyrenaicae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Martínez 1965

Synonyms

Remark

que09 | J. Pallas prefers to separate the southern temperate (Quercion robori-pyrenaicae) from the submediterranean (Quercion pyrenaicae s.str.) forests at the level of alliances (Pallas in Bohn et al. 2003: 250−253). We follow Rivas-Martínez et al. (2001) who considered these two units only at the suballiance level. (W. Willner).

CC01E (QUE-01E) Castaneo-Quercion petraeae Soó 1964

Acidophilous chestnut-oak forests on nutrient-poor soils of southeastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Castaneo-Quercion petraeae Soó 1964

Synonyms

CC02 (QUE-02) Lonicero periclymeni-Betuletalia pubescentis Willner et Mucina in Willner et al. 2016

Acidophilous atlantic birch forests on nutrient-poor soils of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero periclymeni-Betuletalia pubescentis Willner et Mucina in Willner et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

que10 | Atlantic birch forests are classified as a separate order since they appear to be seral (e.g. in avalanche channels) or secondary to the forest of the Quercetalia roboris. (W. Willner).

CC02A (QUE-02A) Betulion fontqueri-celtibericae Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Orocantabro-atlantic and oroiberian perhumid birch forests on siliceous, nutrient-poor substrates of the Northern Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Betulion fontquerio-celtibericae Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

Remark

que11 | The currently accepted taxonomic concept of Betula fontqueri is B. pendula var. fontqueri, while Betula celtiberica is included into the variability of Betula pubescens var. pubescens. (L. Mucina).

CC02B (QUE-02B) Lonicero periclymeni-Betulion pubescentis Géhu 2006

Atlantic birch forests on nutrient-poor soils of the North Sea seaboards and northwestern France

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero periclymeni-Betulion pubescentis Géhu 2006

Synonyms

CD (RHA) Crataego-Prunetea Tx. 1962 nom. conserv. propos.

Scrub and mantle vegetation seral or marginal to broad-leaved forests in the nemoral zone and the submediterranean regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crataego-Prunetea Tx. 1962 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

rha01 | The explanation of the nomenclature issues surrounding the names Rhamno-Prunetea, Crataego-Prunetea and Sambucetea will be published in at a later stage. (L. Mucina).

CD01 (RHA-01) Prunetalia spinosae Tx. 1952

Scrub and mantel vegetation seral or marginal to broad-leaved forests in the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Prunetalia spinosae Tx. 1952

Synonyms

CD01A (RHA-01A) Berberidion vulgaris Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1952 nom. conserv. propos.

Southern temperate and submediterranean thermophilous scrub of Southern and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Berberidion vulgaris Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1952 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

rha02 | For details of this conservation proposal see Willner et al. (2015a). Instead of conserving the name Berberidion Br.-Bl. ex Tx. 1952 (a later homonym) it is suggested to conserve the name Berberidion Br.-Bl. 1950 with a conserved type, a possibility that is not available at present though this tool would be implemented in the next edition of the ICPN. (J.-P. Theurillat).

CD01B (RHA-01B) Amelanchiero-Buxion O. de Bolòs et Romo in Romo 1989

Pyrenean and Western Catalonian submediterranean subxeric scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Amelanchiero-Buxion O. de Bolòs et Romo in Romo 1989

Synonyms

CD01C (RHA-01C) Lonicero arboreae-Berberidion hispanicae O. de Bolòs 1954

Supra- and oromediterranean scrub on base-rich substrates of the Betic region (Southern Iberia) and the North African mountain ranges

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero arboreae-Berberidion hispanicae O. de Bolòs 1954

Synonyms

CD01D (RHA-01D) Urtico-Crataegion Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Mesophilous hedges and scrub on mesotrophic base-rich soils of northwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Urtico-Crataegion Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Synonyms

CD01E (RHA-01E) Astrantio-Corylion avellanae Passarge 1978

Hazel scrub on nutrient-rich soils in the submontane and montane belts of Western, Central and southeastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astrantio-Corylion avellanae Passarge 1978

Synonyms

Remark

rha07 | In case the Corylo avellanae-Populion tremulae would be rejected as nomen ambiguum, this name would apply as the valid and current one. (L. Mucina).

CD01F (RHA-01F) Pruno-Rubion radulae Weber 1974

Bramble scrub on neutral and base-rich soils of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pruno-Rubion radulae Weber 1974

Synonyms

Remark

rha12 | Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 337) prefer classifying this alliance within the Sambucetalia racemosae (Robinietea). (L. Mucina).

CD01G (RHA-01G) Frangulo alni-Pyrion cordatae Herrera et al. 1991

Cantabro-Atlantic mesophilous thorny hedges and mantle on nutrient-poor acidic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frangulo alni-Pyrion cordatae Herrera et al. 1991

Synonyms

CD01H (RHA-01H) Tamo communis-Viburnion lantanae (Géhu et al. 1983) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Franco-Atlantic mesophilous mantle scrub on basic and neutral soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamo communis-Viburnion lantanae (Géhu et al. 1983) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

rha14 | Original name and status (sub-alliance): Tamo communis-Viburnenion lantanae Géhu, de Foucault et Delelis 1983. This syntaxonomic concept was validly published by Géhu, de Foucault et Delelis (1983; the symposium was held in 1979) as a suballiance (Tamo communis-Viburnenion lantanae Géhu et al. 1983) and as such has been for instance accepted by Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 335). The Tamo communis-Viburnetum lantanae Géhu et al. ex Géhu, de Foucault et Delelis 1983 was designated as the holotypus of the suballiance. This unit deserves the status of an alliance as already suggested invalidly by J.-M. Géhu in Bardat et al. (2004: 36, ‘all prov. et stat. prov.’; ICPN art. 3b). Here we perform the valid change of the status and list the following taxa as the character taxa of the new alliance: Crataegus laevigata, Dioscorea communis, Rosa canina and Viburnum lantana. The Tamo communis-Viburnetum lantanae Géhu et al. ex Géhu, de Foucault et Delelis 1983 (Géhu et al. 1983: 467) becomes the holotypus (hoc loco) of the alliance. (L. Mucina).

CD01I (RHA-01I) Brachypodio pinnati-Juniperion communis Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Low-altitude thermophilous juniper scrub on calcareous substrates of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodio pinnati-Juniperion communis Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

rha15 | Passarge (1978: 176) described this alliance invalidly as ‘Carici-Juniperion all. nov. prov.’) and classified here only one association – the ‘Koelerio-Juniperetum communis (Kaiser 1926) Rausch. 1968’. He has failed, however, to refer either to Kaiser (1926) or to Rauschert (1968). (‘Rauchert 1968’ is in fact Rauchert 1969 – an unpublished thesis.) Therefore the alliance name in Passarge (1978) should be considered a nomen nudum. The ‘Koelerio-Juniperetum communis’ of Passarge (l.c.) obviously refers to the Kaiser's (1926: 170, Tab. 202) ‘Grasreiches Wacholdergebüsch, Juniperus communis-Brachypodium pinnatum (Festuca ovina, Sesleria coerulea)-A.’ Choosing Kaiser's association as the typus of the ‘Carici-Juniperion’ would not be appropriate since there is no Carex species occurring in the relevés of the Tab. 202. Therefore I choose to coin a new name for this alliance – the Brachypodio pinnati-Juniperion communis. Juniperus communis, Brachypodium pinnatum, Koeleria macrantha and Fragaria viridis are considered diagnostic species of the alliance. The Koelerio-Juniperetum communis Rauschert in Rauschert, Hilbig et Klotz 1990 (Rauschert et al. 1990: 232–233, Tab. 13) becomes the holotypus (hoc loco) of the alliance. (L. Mucina).

CD01J (RHA-01J) Prunion fruticosae Tx. 1952

Subcontinental and continental scrub in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Prunion fruticosae Tx. 1952

Synonyms

CD01K (RHA-01K) Lamio purpureae-Acerion tatarici Fitsailo 2007

Mesophilous scrub on chernozem soils in the forest-steppe zone of southwestern Ukraine and Moldova

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lamio purpureae-Acerion tatarici Fitsailo 2007

Synonyms

CD02 (RHA-02) Paliuretalia Trinajstić 1978

Thermophilous mantle, pseudomaquis and šibljak fringing oak forests of the submediterranean regions of southeastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Paliuretalia Trinajstić 1978

Synonyms

CD02A (RHA-02A) Cytision sessilifolii Biondi in Biondi et al. 1989

Submediterranean thermophilous broom scrub in the submontane and montane belts of the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytision sessilifolii Biondi in Biondi et al. 1989

Synonyms

CD02B (RHA-02B) Ilici aquifolii-Crataegion laciniatae Ubaldi 2011

Supramediterranean relict orophilous scrub of Northern Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ilici aquifolii-Crataegion laciniatae Ubaldi 2011

Synonyms

CD02C (RHA-02C) Fraxino orni-Cotinion Soó 1960

Thermophilous mantle vegetation of the Southern Pannonian oak forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fraxino orni-Cotinion Soó 1960

Synonyms

CD02D (RHA-02D) Buxo-Syringion P. Fukarek ex Diklić 1965

Submediterranean thermophilous scrub of the continental Northern and Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Buxo-Syringion P. Fukarek ex Diklić 1965

Synonyms

CD02E (RHA-02E) Paliuro-Petterion P. Fukarek 1962

Submediterranean thermophilous šibljak of the eastern Adriatic seaboards of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Paliuro-Petterion P. Fukarek 1962

Synonyms

CD02F (RHA-02F) Rhamno saxatilis-Paliurion spinae-christi Biondi, Casavecchia, Biscotti et Pesaresi in Biondi et al. 2014

Submediterranean thermophilous šibljak of the Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhamno saxatilis-Paliurion spinae-christi Biondi, Casavecchia, Biscotti et Pesaresi in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CD02G (RHA-02G) Eryngio campestris-Paliurion spinae-christi (Jovanović 1985) Matevski et al. 2008

Submediterranean thermophilous šibljak of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Eryngio campestris-Paliurion spinae-christi (Jovanović 1985) Matevski et al. 2008

Synonyms

CD02H (RHA-02H) Berberido creticae-Prunion cocomiliae Bergmeier 1990

Submediterranean thermophilous scrub of the Hellenic Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Berberido creticae-Prunion cocomiliae Bergmeier 1990

Synonyms

CD02I (RHA-02I) Asparago verticillati-Crataegion tauricae Korzhenevskii et Kliukin 1990

Thermophilous submediterranean scrub on deep soils of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Asparago verticillati-Crataegion tauricae Korzhenevskii et Kliukin 1990

Synonyms

CD02J (RHA-02J) Elytrigio nodosae-Rhoion coriariae Korzhenevskii et Ryff ex Didukh et Mucina 2014

Submediterranean thermophilous scrub on eroding loamy schists of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Elytrigio nodosae-Rhuion coriariae Korzhenevskii et Ryff ex Didukh et Mucina 2014

Synonyms

CD03 (RHA-03) Pyro spinosae-Rubetalia ulmifolii Biondi, Blasi et Casavecchia in Biondi et al. 2014

Spiny bramble scrub on nutrient-rich soils of the winter-mild Atlantic seaboards, the Mediterranean, the Macaronesian Archipelago and the Azores

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pyro spinosae-Rubetalia ulmifolii Biondi, Blasi et Casavecchia in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CD03A (RHA-03A) Pruno spinosae-Rubion ulmifolii O. de Bolòs 1954

Spiny bramble scrub of the winter-mild Atlantic seaboards and the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pruno spinosae-Rubion ulmifolii O. de Bolòs 1954

Synonyms

CD03B (RHA-03B) Arundo plinii-Rubion ulmifolii Biondi, Blasi, Casavecchia et Gasparri in Biondi et al. 2014

Spiny bramble scrub of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Arundo plinii-Rubion ulmifolii Biondi, Blasi, Casavecchia et Gasparri in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CD03C (RHA-03C) Rubio periclymeni-Rubion ulmifolii Oberd. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Spiny bramble thicket mantle of the laurisilva of Madeira and the Canary Islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rubio periclymeni-Rubion ulmifolii Oberd. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

CD03D (RHA-03D) Scrophulario glabratae-Rubion ulmifolii Vicente Orellana et al. 2012

Spiny lianoid thicket mantle of the laurisilva forests of the Azores

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scrophulario glabratae-Rubion ulmifolii Vicente Orellana et al. 2012

Synonyms

CD04 (RHA-04) Lauro nobilis-Sambucetalia nigrae Biondi, Blasi, Casavecchia, Galdenzi et Gasparri in Biondi et al. 2014

Mesic scrub in shady habitats on nutrient-rich soils of the Central Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lauro nobilis-Sambucetalia nigrae Biondi, Blasi, Casavecchia, Galdenzi et Gasparri in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CD04A (RHA-04A) Lauro nobilis-Sambucion nigrae Biondi, Blasi, Casavecchia, Galdenzi et Gasparri in Biondi et al. 2014

Mesic scrub in shady habitats on nutrient-rich soils of the Central Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lauro nobilis-Sambucion nigrae Biondi, Blasi, Casavecchia, Galdenzi et Gasparri in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CE (LON) Lonicero-Rubetea plicati Haveman, Schaminée et Stortelder in Stortelder et al. 1999

Acidophilous scrub and hedges of forest edges and clearings on dry sandy nutrient-poor minerotrophic soils of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero-Rubetea plicati Haveman, Schaminée et Stortelder in Stortelder et al. 1999

Synonyms

CE01 (LON-01) Rubetalia plicati Weber in Pott 1995

Acidophilous scrub of forest clearings and hedges on dry sandy, nutrient-poor soils of the (sub)atlantic regions of northwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rubetalia plicati Weber in Pott 1995

Synonyms

Remark

lon01 | K. Dierssen prefers the classification of the Rubetalia plicati within the Rhamno-Prunetea. (L. Mucina) There are no character species supporting such step. (H. Weber).

CE01A (LON-01A) Lonicero-Rubion silvatici Tx. et Neumann ex Wittig 1977

Acidophilous bramble scrub, hedges and scrub of forest clearings on dry sandy nutrient-poor minerotrophic soils of northwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero-Rubion silvatici Tx. et Neumann ex Wittig 1977

Synonyms

CE01B (LON-01B) Molinio-Frangulion Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Acidophilous buckthorn scrub, hedges and scrub of forest clearings on dry sandy nutrient-poor minerotrophic soils of northwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinio-Frangulion Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Synonyms

CE02 (LON-02) Frangulo-Prunetalia insititiae Rivas Goday 1964

Acidophilous scrub of forest clearings and hedges on dry sandy nutrient-poor soils of the (sub)atlantic regions of southwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frangulo-Prunetalia insititiae Rivas Goday 1964

Synonyms

Remark

lon03 | We consider the publication of the name Frangulo-Prunetalia insititiae (Rivas Goday 1964: 563) as valid since it contains one validly described alliance − the Frangulo-Rubion Rivas Goday 1964. (L. Mucina).

CE02A (LON-02A) Frangulo-Rubion Rivas Goday 1964

Acidophilous scrub of forest clearings and hedges on dry sandy nutrient-poor soils of the (sub)atlantic regions of southwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frangulo-Rubion Rivas Goday 1964

Synonyms

Remark

lon04 | The Frangulo-Rubion Rivas Goday 1964 is validly published (Rivas Goday 1964: 563). The original diagnosis of the alliance contains the 'associaciones ... Crataegus-Primula (vulgaris) acaulis Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952' (recte: Primulo vulgaris-Crataegetum) for which a reference to Braun-Blanquet & Tüxen (1952) is provided, along with a new subasssociation ('subas. con Lonicera peryclimenum L. ssp. hispanica (B. et R.), Prunus insititia L.' (nom.illeg., ICPN art. 34c) documented by one relevé provided on the same page. (L. Mucina).

CF (ROB) Robinietea Jurko ex Hadač et Sofron 1980

Seral forest-clearing and anthropogenic successional scrub and thickets on nutrient-rich soils of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Robinietea Jurko ex Hadač et Sofron 1980

Synonyms

CF01 (ROB-01) Sambucetalia racemosae Oberd. ex Doing 1962

Elder, willow and hazel scrub on nutrient-rich soils in forest clearings of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sambucetalia racemosae Oberd. ex Doing 1962

Synonyms

CF01A (ROB-01A) Sambuco-Salicion capreae Tx. et Neumann ex Oberd. 1957

Elder, willow and hazel scrub on nutrient-rich soils in forest clearings of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sambuco-Salicion capreae Tx. et Neumann ex Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

CF02 (ROB-02) Chelidonio-Robinietalia pseudoacaciae Jurko ex Hadač et Sofron 1980

Subspontaneous anthropogenic scrub and low-grown forest groves

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chelidonio-Robinietalia pseudoacaciae Jurko ex Hadač et Sofron 1980

Synonyms

Remark

rob01 | This is, in Europe, a purely anthropogenic unit comprising communities largely dominated by alien trees. Following the proposal of Jurko (1964) and later Hadač & Sofron (1980), this vegetation is classified as a class in its own right − the Robinietea. (L. Mucina).

CF02A (ROB-02A) Aegopodio podagrariae-Sambucion nigrae Chytrý 2013

Anthropogenic elder scrub in ruderal habitats of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aegopodio podagrariae-Sambucion nigrae Chytrý 2013

Synonyms

CF02B (ROB-02B) Balloto nigrae-Robinion pseudoacaciae Hadač et Sofron 1980

Robinia groves with weedy understorey on loamy-sandy dry soils of Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Balloto nigrae-Robinion pseudoacaciae Hadač et Sofron 1980

Synonyms

CF02C (ROB-02C) Chelidonio majoris-Robinion pseudoacaciae Hadač et Sofron ex Vítková in Chytrý 2013

Robinia groves with weedy understorey on nutrient-rich mesic soils of Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chelidonio majoris-Robinion pseudoacaciae Hadač et Sofron ex Vítková in Chytrý 2013

Synonyms

CF02D (ROB-02D) Euphorbio cyparissiae-Robinion pseudoacaciae Vítková in Kolbek et al. 2003

Robinia groves and scrub in dry and warm habitats on shallow soils of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbio cyparissiae-Robinion pseudoacaciae Vítková in Kolbek et al. 2003

Synonyms

CF02E (ROB-02E) Chelidonio-Acerion negundo L. Ishbirdin et A. Ishbirdin 1989

Subspontaneous groves and scrub of Acer negundo of Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chelidonio-Acerion negundo L. Ishbirdin et A. Ishbirdin 1989

Synonyms

CG (ARE) Salicetea arenariae Weber 1999

Dune scrub of the Atlantic coasts of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicetea arenariae Weber 1999

Synonyms

Remark

are01 | This unit has a geographic analogon in the East Asia − the Rosetea rugosae. (L. Mucina).

CG01 (ARE-01) Salicetalia arenariae Preising et Weber 1997

Dune scrub of the Atlantic coasts of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicetalia arenariae Preising et Weber 1997

Synonyms

CG01A (ARE-01A) Salicion arenariae Tx. ex Passarge in Scamoni 1963

Willow and sea buckthorn low scrub on dunes of the oceanic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion arenariae Tx. ex Passarge in Scamoni 1963

Synonyms

CG01B (ARE-01B) Ligustro-Hippophaeion Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1983

Elder, privet and sea buckthorn tall scrub on dunes of the oceanic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ligustro-Hippophaeion Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1983

Synonyms

CG01C (ARE-01C) Holoschoeno australis-Salicion arenariae Neto et al. 2004

Willow scrub on dunes of southwestern Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Holoschoeno australis-Salicion arenariae Neto et al. 2004

Synonyms

CG01D (ARE-01D) Pyracantho coccineae-Hippophaeion fluviatilis de Foucault et Julve 2001

Willow scrub on coastal dunes along the Adriatic Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pyracantho coccineae-Hippophaeion fluviatilis de Foucault et Julve 2001

Synonyms

CH (ULI) Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944

Heath on acidic nutrient-poor soils in the lowland to montane belts of the temperate and boreal zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944

Synonyms

CH01 (ULI-01) Ulicetalia nani Quantin 1935

Gorse and ericoid heath of the winter-mild temperate regions of Western Europe, the Western Mediterranean and Northern Morocco

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ulicetalia nani Quantin 1935

Synonyms

CH01A (ULI-01A) Ericion cinereae Böcher 1940

Bell-heather heaths of the oceanic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ericion cinereae Böcher 1940

Synonyms

CH01B (ULI-01B) Ulicion Malcuit 1929

Gorse heath of the oceanic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ulicion Malcuit 1929

Synonyms

CH01C (ULI-01C) Daboecion cantabricae (Dupont ex Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart. et al. in Loidi et al. 1997

Hiberno-Cantabrian and French-Biscayan humid-superhumid ericoid heath over acid ferric-humic podsols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Daboecion cantabricae (Dupont ex Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart. et al. in Loidi et al. 1997

Synonyms

CH01D (ULI-01D) Ericion umbellatae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Thermo-supramediterranean subhumid low silicicolous heath of the north-central and eastern regions of the Iberian Peninsula and Provence

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ericion umbellatae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Synonyms

CH01E (ULI-01E) Genistion micrantho-anglicae Rivas-Mart. 1979

Iberoatlantic and orocantabro-atlantic hygrophilous silicicolous heath on clayey humus-rich soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genistion micrantho-anglicae Rivas-Mart. 1979

Synonyms

CH01F (ULI-01F) Stauracanthion boivinii (Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Southern Iberian and Northern Moroccan thermo-mesomediterranean subhumid to perhumid silicicolous heath

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stauracanthion boivinii (Rivas-Mart. 1979) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

CH01G (ULI-01G) Daboecion azoricae Lüpnitz 1975

High-altitude hyperhumid heath of the Azores

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Daboecion azoricae Lüpnitz 1975

Synonyms

CH02 (ULI-02) Vaccinio myrtilli-Genistetalia pilosae Schubert ex Passarge 1964

Heath of cold-atlantic, subcontinental and subboreal and boreal regions of Western, Central and northeastern Europe and Scandinavia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio myrtilli-Genistetalia pilosae Schubert ex Passarge 1964

Synonyms

CH02A (ULI-02A) Empetrion nigri Schubert ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969

Dune heath of the oceanic regions of Western Europe and Southern Scandinavia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Empetrion nigri Schubert ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969

Synonyms

CH02B (ULI-02B) Calluno-Genistion pilosae P. Duvigneaud 1945

Low-altitude heath of the atlantic and subcontinental regions of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calluno-Genistion pilosae P. Duvigneaud 1945

Synonyms

CH02C (ULI-02C) Euphorbio-Callunion Schubert ex Passarge 1964

Low-altitude heath of the continental regions of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbio-Callunion Schubert ex Passarge 1964

Synonyms

CH02D (ULI-02D) Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926

Montane-subalpine dwarf heath on siliceous substrates of the nemoral mountain ranges of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926

Synonyms

CH02E (ULI-02E) Bruckenthalion spiculifoliae Horvat 1949

Supramontane and subalpine dwarf heath on siliceous substrates of the Southern Carpathians and the Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Bruckenthalion spiculifoliae Horvat 1949

Synonyms

CH03 (ULI-03) Vaccinio-Juniperetalia communis Passarge 1972

Low-altitude acidophilous juniper scrub of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio-Juniperetalia communis Passarge 1972

Synonyms

CH03A (ULI-03A) Vaccinio-Juniperion communis Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Low-altitude acidophilous juniper scrub of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vaccinio-Juniperion communis Passarge in Passarge et G. Hofmann 1968

Synonyms

CI (NAR) Nardetea strictae Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell in Rivas Goday et Mayor López 1966 nom. conserv. propos.

Secondary mat-grass swards on nutrient-poor soils at low and mid-altitudes of the temperate, boreal and subarctic regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardetea strictae Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell in Rivas Goday et Mayor López 1966 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

nar01 | De Foucault (1994, 2012) presented synoptic tables featuring the Nardetalia alongside the 'Festucetalia spadiceae', Saginetalia piliferi, Trifolietalia parnassi and Udo-Nardetalia to be classified within the 'Nardetea'. This approach has been also followed in some other European surveys (e.g. Kliment & Valachovič 2007). The synoptic tables in de Foucault's paper actually support the opposite view − one that has been adopted in our paper. We prefer to place the secondary oligotrophic pastures of the Nardetalia (the nomenclature type of the Nardetea) into the Nardetea as defined originally by Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martínez (1963), while the primary oligotrophic pastures/grasslands occurring at high altitudes and showing high level of regional and local endemism are classified within the Juncetea trifidi. The secondary low-altitude Nardetalia pastures are replacing various woods on nutrient-poor substrates (e.g. Quercetea robori-petraeae), degraded heaths of the Calluno-Ulicetea and drained oligotropic wetlands. It is obvious that the historical and evolutionary (hence biogeographic) drivers in the secondary and primary oligotrophic grasslands are of different nature, steering the community assemblage in different ways. Mechanistic placement of the above-mentioned oligotrophic grassland units all under one broad umbrella on the basis of occurrence of a very broadly distributed group of species into the broadly conceived class 'Nardetea' (as interpreted by de Foucault (l.c.) defies the logic of an informative syntaxonomic system. Some vegetation surveys prefer a physiognomically heterogeneous concept of a broader class − the Calluno-Ulicetea sensu lato (incl. both heath and oligotrophic grasslands) arguing for poor floristic difference between the Nardetea and the Calluno-Ulicetea s.str., yet neglecting vegetation-structural characteristics. (L. Mucina) For the detailed argumentation underpinnig the proposal to conserve the name Nardetea strictae Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell in Rivas Goday et Mayor López 1966 against the name Nardo-Callunetea Preising 1950 see Di Pietro et al. (2015). (J.-P. Theurillat).

CI01 (NAR-01) Nardetalia strictae Preising 1950

Secondary mat-grass swards on nutrient-poor soils at low and mid-altitudes of temperate, boreal and subarctic regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardetalia strictae Preising 1950

Synonyms

Remark

new, nar02 | The alliance Campanulo-Nardion erroneously appeared twice in the EuroVegChecklist: As Campanulo-Nardion strictae Rivas-Mart. 1964 in the class Nardetea strictae, and as Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Mart. 1964 in the class Juncetea trifidi, order Udo-Nardetalia. According to Di Pietro et al. (2017), the alliance belongs to the order Udo-Nardetalia. Therefore, the alliance NAR-01E was deleted.

CI01A (NAR-01A) Equiseto-Galion borealis Tx. in Tx. et Böttcher 1969

Slightly chionophilous grasslands on volcanic soils of Iceland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Equiseto-Galion borealis Tx. in Tx. et Böttcher 1969

Synonyms

CI01B (NAR-01B) Violion caninae Schwickerath 1944

Meso-subxerophytic oligotrophic pastures in the lowland to submontane belts of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violion caninae Schwickerath 1944

Synonyms

CI01C (NAR-01C) Nardo-Juncion squarrosi (Oberd. 1957) Passarge 1964

Hygrophilous oligotrophic meadows on peaty soils of the subatlantic regions of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardo-Juncion squarrosi (Oberd. 1957) Passarge 1964

Synonyms

CI01D (NAR-01D) Nardo-Agrostion tenuis Sillinger 1933

Mat-grass dry pastures in the submontane to subalpine belts of the mountain ranges of Central Europe and the Northern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardo-Agrostion tenuis Sillinger 1933

Synonyms

CI01F (NAR-01F) Nardo-Agrostion caninae Cortini-Pedrotti et al. 1973

Oligotrophic mat-grass and tussock pastures in the montane belt of the Northern and Central Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardo-Agrostion caninae Cortini-Pedrotti et al. 1973

Synonyms

CI01G (NAR-01G) Cirsio vallis-demoni-Nardion Giacomini et Gentile ex Di Pietro et Theurillat in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Calabrian supramediterranean mesic seasonal perennial pastures on siliceous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cirsio vallis-demoni-Nardion Giacomini et Gentile ex Di Pietro et Theurillat in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

CI01H (NAR-01H) Achilleo-Arnicion Horvat et Pawłowski in Horvat 1960

Oligotrophic pastures in the lowland to submontane belts of the Western Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Achilleo-Arnicion Horvat et Pawłowski in Horvat 1960

Synonyms

CI01I (NAR-01I) Potentillo montenegrinae-Festucion paniculatae Redžić ex Čarni et Mucina 2015

Subalpine tussock grasslands on decalcified deep calcareous soils of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Potentillo montenegrinae-Festucion paniculatae Redžić ex Čarni et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

CJ (COR) Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis Klika in Klika et Novák 1941

Dry grasslands on sandy soils and on rocky outcrops of the temperate to boreal zones of Europe, the North Atlantic islands and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerio-Corynephoretea canescentis Klika in Klika et Novák 1941

Synonyms

Remark

cor01 | Until about 1992−1993 the syntaxonomy of this class has not experienced any major changes since its first description by Klika (1941). In 1993 Mucina & Kolbek (1993b) united the Koelerio-Corynephoretea and the Sedo-Scleranthetea (Braun-Blanquet 1955). The syntaxonomic issues pertinent to this group of communities were reviewed in Dierschke (1986). Later (Dengler 2003), the concept of the Koelerio-Corynephoretea was further expanded by the addition of the syntaxonomic contents known as the ‘Festucetalia vaginatae’ and the ‘Artemisio-Koelerietalia’ (I prefer the latter to be classified within the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae). Here I wish to revoke the original 1993 decision to lump the Koelerio-Corynephoretea and the Sedo-Scleranthetea and recognise the floristic and ecological differences between the xerophilous (prevalently grass-dominated) vegetation on sandy soils (Koelerio-Corynephoretea) from those on raw, skeletal soils of hard substrates rich in succulent (Sedo-Scleranthetea) at the class level. Unlike in 1993, I also place the Festucetea vaginatae in the Koelerio-Corynephoretea. (L. Mucina) J. Dengler claims that his widely conceived Koelerio-Corynephoretea s.l. (incl. the Sedo-Scleranthetea and Festucetea vaginatae) is supported by an extensive numerical analysis of 267 synoptic tables of the relevant vegetation types throughout Europe (Dengler 2003). This author further admits that there are two floristically and ecologically well-defined groups − a group of orders on deep sands (sometimes treated as the Koelerio-Corynephorenea) and a group of orders on shallow skeletal soils (sometimes treated as the Sedo-Scleranthenea). J. Dengler further suggests that the delimitation of the Koelerio-Corynephoretea towards several Mediterranean classes remains rather unclear and needs a large-scale revision. This particularly concerns the present concepts of the Helianthemetea guttati, the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae and the Festucetea indigestae.

CJ01 (COR-01) Corynephoretalia canescentis Klika 1934

Silicicolous tussock grasslands on inland sand dunes of the atlantic and subatlantic regions of Western, Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Corynephoretalia canescentis Klika 1934

Synonyms

CJ01A (COR-01A) Corynephorion canescentis Klika 1931

Silicicolous tussock open grasslands of the Atlantic and subatlantic regions of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Corynephorion canescentis Klika 1931

Synonyms

CJ01B (COR-01B) Koelerion glaucae Volk 1931

Steppic grasslands on stabilised inland sand dunes on fluvioglacial deposits of Central Europe and the western regions of Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerion glaucae Volk 1931

Synonyms

CJ01C (COR-01C) Sedo-Cerastion arvensis Sissingh et Tideman 1960

Meso-xerophytic closed swards on acidic to neutral sandy soils in lowlands of the (sub)atlantic regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo-Cerastion arvensis Sissingh et Tideman 1960

Synonyms

Remark

cor06 | While Weeda et al. (1996) restricted the concept of this syntaxon to the vegetation on river dunes of Western Europe, K. Dierssen suggests widening the concept and considers this alliance as an atlantic to subatlantic analogue of the Armerion elongatae, where the matrix species Festuca brevipila is replaced by F. filiformis. (L. Mucina).

CJ01D (COR-01D) Armerion elongatae Pötsch 1962

Meso-xerophytic closed swards on slightly acidic to alkaline sandy soils in the lowlands of subcontinental Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerion elongatae Pötsch 1962

Synonyms

CJ02 (COR-02) Festucetalia vaginatae Soó 1957

European (sub)continental fescue sandy steppes in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucetalia vaginatae Soó 1957

Synonyms

CJ02A (COR-02A) Festucion vaginatae de Soó 1929

Pannonian subcontinental fescue sandy steppes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion vaginatae de Soó 1929

Synonyms

CJ02B (COR-02B) Festucion beckeri Vicherek 1972

Pontic continental fescue sandy steppes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion beckeri Vicherek 1972

Synonyms

Remark

cor07 | Dengler (2003: 202 et seq. and unpubl.) considers the Festucion beckeri to be a Pontic analogon of the northwestern Sarmatian Koelerion glaucae and the Pannonian Festucion vaginatae, with which it shares ecological and physiognomic features as well as many species. The matrix-forming fescues (F. psammophila, F. polesica in the Koelerion glaucae, F. vaginata in the Festucion vaginatae and F. beckeri in the Festucion beckeri are also very closely related). By contrast, the stands of the Festucion beckeri on sand dunes in Southern Ukraine hardly share any species with typical steppes of the Festuco-Brometea on loess sites nearby. (J. Dengler).

CJ03 (COR-03) Artemisio crithmifoliae-Koelerietalia albescentis Sissingh 1974 nom. corr.

Sandy grasslands and scrub on base-rich stabilized grey hind dunes of the shores of much of the warm-temperate to boreal Atlantic Ocean and the northern seaboards of the Adriatic Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio-Koelerietalia Sissingh 1974

Synonyms

CJ03A (COR-03A) Koelerion arenariae Tx. 1937 mut. Gutermann et Mucina 1993

Sandy grasslands on base-rich stabilised grey hind dunes of the North Sea coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerion arenariae Tx. 1937 corr. Gutermann et Mucina 1993

Synonyms

Remark

cru02 | The formal correction of this name was performed in Gutermann & Mucina (1993). (L. Mucina).

CJ03B (COR-03B) Euphorbio portlandicae-Helichrysion stoechadis Géhu et Tx. ex Sissingh 1974

Sandy grasslands and dwarf scrub on base-rich stabilised grey hind dunes of the francoatlantic shores of the Atlantic Ocean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbio portlandicae-Helichrysion stoechadis Sissingh 1974

Synonyms

CJ03C (COR-03C) Syntrichio ruraliformis-Lomelosion argenteae Biondi, Sburlino et Theurillat in Sburlino et al. 2013

Sandy grasslands and dwarf scrub on base-rich stabilised grey hind dunes of the shores of the Gulf of Venice (Adriatic Sea)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Syntrichio-Lomelosion argenteae Biondi, Sburlino et Theurillat in Sburlino et al. 2014

Synonyms

CK (SED) Sedo-Scleranthetea Br.-Bl. 1955

Pioneer vegetation on shallow soils on rocky siliceous outcrops on siliceous rocks of temperate and boreal Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo-Scleranthetea Br.-Bl. 1955

Synonyms

Remark

sed01 | This syntaxon has been in use in many national vegetation surveys (Oberdorfer et al. 1967; Oberdorfer 1992; Valachovič et al. 1995; Jarolímek & Šibík 2008) and lately also by Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011). (L. Mucina).

CK01 (SED-01) Sedo-Poetalia glaucae de Molenaar 1976

Open subthermophilous grasslands on skeletal shallow soils of Scandinavia and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo-Poetalia glaucae de Molenaar 1976

Synonyms

CK01A (SED-01A) Veronico-Poion glaucae Nordhagen 1943

Open subthermophilous grasslands on sandy and skeletal shallow soils on neutral-basic substrates of Scandinavia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Veronico-Poion glaucae Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

CK01B (SED-01B) Rumici acetosellae-Agrostion borealis Knapp 1964

Open subthermophilous grassy swards and low scrub on skeletal shallow soils on siliceous substrates of Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumici acetosellae-Agrostion borealis Knapp 1964

Synonyms

CK02 (SED-02) Sedo-Scleranthetalia Br.-Bl. 1955

Pioneer herb-rich vegetation on shallow soils on rocky outcrops in the nemoral and boreal zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo-Scleranthetalia Br.-Bl. 1955

Synonyms

CK02A (SED-02A) Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii Korneck 1974

Thermophilous therophyte- and geophyte-rich vegetation on stable siliceous rubble of Central Europe and Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii Korneck 1974

Synonyms

CK02B (SED-02B) Sedo-Scleranthion Br.-Bl. et Richard 1950

Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils on siliceous rocky outcrops of the valleys of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo-Scleranthion Br.-Bl. et Richard 1950

Synonyms

CK02C (SED-02C) Sedion anglici Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952

Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils on siliceous rocky outcrops of the atlantic regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedion anglici Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1952

Synonyms

Remark

sed03 | These communities are floristically and ecologically very similar to the Thero-Airion. Therefore Dengler (2004: 310) considers these two alliances to be synonymous. Within the Thero-Airion, the communities with Sedum anglicum could be recognised as a suballiance in its own right. (J. Dengler).

CK02D (SED-02D) Sedion pyrenaici Tx. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils on siliceous rocky outcrops of the Pyrenees and the Western Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedion pyrenaici Tx. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

CK02E (SED-02E) Hyperico perforati-Scleranthion perennis Moravec 1967

Boreo-montane silicicolous meso-xerophytic swards on shallow skeletal soils of Central and Eastern Europe, the British Isles and Fennoscandia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico perforati-Scleranthion perennis Moravec 1967

Synonyms

CK02F (SED-02F) Scabioso-Trifolion dalmatici Horvatić et N. Ranđelović in N. Ranđelović 1977

Open swards on shallow soils over siliceous rocky outcrops of the Southern and Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scabioso-Trifolion dalmatici Horvatić et N. Ranđelović in N. Ranđelović 1977

Synonyms

CK02G (SED-02G) Poo bulbosae-Stipion graniticolae Vynokurov 2014

Open swards on shallows soils over granitic outcrops of Southern Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poo bulbosae-Stipion graniticolae Vynokurov 2014

Synonyms

CK03 (SED-03) Thero-Airetalia Rivas Goday 1964

Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils of the winter-mild atlantic and subboreal regions of Western Europe, the Northern Iberian Peninsula and Madeira

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thero-Airetalia Rivas Goday 1964

Synonyms

CK03A (SED-03A) Thero-Airion Tx. ex Oberd. 1957

Pioneer vegetation on acidic shallow soils of the winter-mild atlantic and subboreal regions of Western Europe, the Northern Iberian Peninsula and Madeira

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thero-Airion Tx. ex Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

Remark

sed04 | Rivas-Martínez et al. (1999, 2002b: 499) prefer classification of this alliance within the Mediterranean Helianthemetalia guttatae. E. Bergmeier supports this view as well while L. Mucina and J. Dengler disagree.

CK04 (SED-04) Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 1967

European temperate pioneer therophyte and stonecrop swards on calcareous shallow skeletal soils and base-rich sands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alysso-Sedetalia Moravec 1967

Synonyms

Remark

sed05 | Tentatively the communities dominated by short-lived herbs and annual grasses of sandy-dune substrates in Central Europe (Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri Korneck 1974, Bassio laniflorae-Bromion tectorum Borhidi 1996 nom. conserv. propos.) are classified within this order. Description of an order to accommodate these two alliances might be seen as a logical option. (L. Mucina).

CK04A (SED-04A) Alysso alyssoidis-Sedion Oberd. et T. Müller in T. Müller 1961

Thermophilous stonecrop vegetation on weathered calcareous rocks of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alysso alyssoidis-Sedion Oberd. et T. Müller in T. Müller 1961

Synonyms

CK04B (SED-04B) Tortello tortuosae-Sedion albi Hallberg ex Dengler et Löbel 2006

Xeric basiphilous grasslands on shallow soils of Baltic alvars

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tortello tortuosae-Sedion albi Hallberg ex Dengler et Löbel 2006

Synonyms

CK04C (SED-04C) Sedion micrantho-sediformis Rivas-Mart., P. Sánchez et Alcaraz ex P. Sánchez et Alcaraz 1993

Pioneer therophyte and stonecrop swards of calcareous outcrops of the submediterranean Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedion micrantho-sediformis Rivas-Mart., P. Sánchez et Alcaraz ex P. Sánchez et Alcaraz 1993

Synonyms

CK04D (SED-04D) Armerion junceae Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Meso-xerophytic open swards on dolomite sands of Southern France

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerion junceae Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Synonyms

CK04E (SED-04E) Valerianion tuberosae Guinochet 1975

Open herb-rich swards of calcareous shallow rubble soils in the submediterranean French Prealps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Valerianion tuberosae Guinochet 1975

Synonyms

CK04F (SED-04F) Aethionemion saxatilis Bergmeier et al. 2009

Thermophilous open-sward vegetation of the calcareous and metalliferous rock outcrops of the submediterranean Northern Hellas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aethionemion saxatilis Bergmeier et al. 2009

Synonyms

CK04G (SED-04G) Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri Korneck 1974

Central European annual open swards on stablised base-rich inland sand dunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri Korneck 1974

Synonyms

CK04H (SED-04H) Bassio laniflorae-Bromion tectorum Borhidi 1996 nom. conserv. propos.

Pannonian annual open swards on base-rich sandy substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Bassio laniflorae-Bromion tectorum Borhidi 1996 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

sed07 | This name becomes an obvious candidate for conservation in case the Bromion tectorum Soó ex Felföldy 1942 becomes rejected as nomen ambiguum. (L. Mucina) The Bassio laniflorae-Bromion tectorum is considered to be syntaxonomically synonymous with of the Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri by some authors. (J. Dengler).

CL (GER) Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei T. Müller 1962

Thermophilous forest fringe and tall-herb vegetation in nutrient-poor sites in the submediterranean to subboreal zones of Europe and the Macaronesia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei T. Müller 1962

Synonyms

Remark

ger01 | Chytrý (2007) did not accept this class and classified a part of its syntaxonomic content into the Festuco-Brometea, based on considerable floristic similarity and its enormous heterogeneity as it includes alliances of dry herbaceous vegetation related to the Festuco-Brometea, alliances of mesic vegetation related to the Arrhenatheretalia, alliances of oligotrophic grasslands related to the Nardetalia, and alliances of disturbed vegetation related to the Epilobietea angustifolii. (L. Mucina, M. Chytrý).

CL01 (GER-01) Origanetalia vulgaris T. Müller 1962

Meso-subxerophytic fringe and tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-poor but base-rich soils of temperate and subboreal Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Origanetalia vulgaris T. Müller 1962

Synonyms

CL01A (GER-01A) Knaution dipsacifoliae Julve ex Dengler et Boch 2008

Meso-subxerophytic fringe vegetation on nutrient-poor but base-rich soils at higher altitudes of temperate Europe and subboreal Scandinavia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Knaution dipsacifoliae Julve ex Dengler et Boch 2008

Synonyms

CL01B (GER-01B) Trifolion medii T. Müller 1962

Meso-subxerophytic fringe vegetation on nutrient-poor but base-rich soils at lower altitudes of temperate Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion medii T. Müller 1962

Synonyms

CL01C (GER-01C) Violion kitaibelianae Ubaldi 2011

Mesophilous tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-poor but base-rich soils of the fringes and clearings of deciduous forests in the submontane and lower montane belts of the Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violion kitaibelianae Ubaldi 2011

Synonyms

CL02 (GER-02) Antherico ramosi-Geranietalia sanguinei Julve ex Dengler in Dengler et al. 2003

Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-poor and base-rich soils in the submediterranean, temperate and subboreal zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Antherico ramosi-Geranietalia sanguinei Julve ex Dengler in Dengler et al. 2003

Synonyms

CL02A (GER-02A) Geranion sanguinei Tx. in T. Müller 1962

Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of subcontinental Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Geranion sanguinei Tx. in T. Müller 1962

Synonyms

CL02B (GER-02B) Galio littoralis-Geranion sanguinei Géhu et Géhu-Franck in de Foucault et al. 1983

Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of the temperate Atlantic and Baltic seaboards and subboreal Southern Fennoscandia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Galio littoralis-Geranion sanguinei Géhu et Géhu-Franck in de Foucault et al. 1983

Synonyms

CL02C (GER-02C) Dictamno albi-Ferulagion galbaniferae (van Gils et al. 1975) de Foucault et al. ex Čarni et Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009

Xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation of the Illyrian and Dinaric regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dictamno albi-Ferulagion galbaniferae (van Gils et al. 1975) de Foucault et al. ex Čarni et Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009

Synonyms

Remark

ger02 | For details of the nomenclature of this name see Mucina et al. (2009). (L. Mucina).

CL02D (GER-02D) Lathyro laxiflori-Trifolion velenovskyi (Čarni et al. 2000) Čarni 2005

Subxerophilous fringe vegetation of the Southern and Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lathyro laxiflori-Trifolion velenovskyi (Čarni et al. 2000) Čarni 2005

Synonyms

CL03 (GER-03) Asphodeletalia macrocarpae Biondi et Allegrezza in Biondi et al. 2014

Meso-xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on deep oligotrophic soils in the meso- and supratemperate belts of the Southern European peninsulas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Asphodeletalia macrocarpae Biondi et Allegrezza in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

Remark

ger03 | The acceptance of this order is only tentative, pending further research on fringe communities of the Mediterranean woodlands and scrub. (L. Mucina).

CL03A (GER-03A) Stachyo lusitanicae-Cheirolophion sempervirentis (Capelo 1996) Capelo in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Neutro-acidophilous to basiphilous fringe vegetation in the mesomediterranean belt of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stachyo lusitanicae-Cheirolophion sempervirentis (Capelo 1996) Capelo in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

CL03B (GER-03B) Thalictro aquilegiifolii-Asphodelion macrocarpi Allegrezza et al. 2015

Meso-xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on deep oligotrophic soils over calcareous substrates in the lower supratemperate belts of the Central Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thalictro aquilegiifolii-Asphodelion macrocarpi Allegrezza et al. 2015

Synonyms

CL03C (GER-03C) Cyano triumfetti-Asphodelion macrocarpae Biondi et Allegrezza in Biondi et al. 2014

Meso-xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on deep oligotrophic soils over calcareous substrates in the upper supratemperate belts of the Central Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cyano triumfetti-Asphodelion macrocarpae Biondi et Allegrezza in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CL03D (GER-03D) Hyperico calabricae-Asphodelion macrocarpi Biondi, Gangale et Uzunov in Biondi et al. 2014

Meso-xerophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on deep oligotrophic soils over siliceous substrates in the meso- and supratemperate belts of the Southern Apennine Peninsula and Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico calabricae-Asphodelion macrocarpi Biondi, Gangale et Uzunov in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CL04 (GER-04) Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranietalia canariensis Capelo et Mucina in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Mesophilous herb-rich fringe vegetation of the Macaronesian evergreen laurisilva

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranietalia canariensis Capelo et Mucina in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

CL04A (GER-04A) Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranion canariensis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Mesophilous herb-rich fringe vegetation of the Macaronesian evergreen laurisilva

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranion canariensis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

CL04B (GER-04B) Pericallion malvifoliae Fernández Prieto, Dias et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Mesophilous forest fringe vegetation in the semi-shaded habitats at low and mid-altitudes of the Azores

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pericallion malvifoliae Fernández Prieto, Dias et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

CL05 (GER-05) Melampyro-Holcetalia mollis Passarge in Theurillat et al. 1995

Meso-xerophytic fringe and tall-herb on acidic soils in the submediterranean to subboreal zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Melampyro-Holcetalia mollis Passarge in Theurillat et al. 1995

Synonyms

Remark

ger04 | This order forms, in the view of some French authors (e.g. Bardat et al. 2004; Royer et al. 2006), the basis for the recognition of a class in its own right − the Melampyro-Holcetea mollis Passarge ex Klauck 1992. (L. Mucina).

CL05A (GER-05A) Melampyrion pratensis Passarge 1979

Meso-xerophytic forest-edge communities on acidic soils in semi-shady to sunny habitats of temperate and (sub)boreal Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Melampyrion pratensis Passarge 1979

Synonyms

CL05B (GER-05B) Violo rivinianae-Stellarion holosteae Passarge 1994

Mesophilous fringe and tall-herb vegetation on slightly humic acidic soils of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violo rivinianae-Stellarion holosteae Passarge 1994

Synonyms

CL05C (GER-05C) Poion nemoralis Dengler et al. 2006

Mesophilous forest-edge vegetation on slightly acidic soils in shady habitats of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poion nemoralis Dengler et al. 2006

Synonyms

CL05D (GER-05D) Teucrion scorodoniae de Foucault et al. 1983

Mesophilous tall-herb fringe vegetation on acidic soils of the atlantic regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Teucrion scorodoniae de Foucault et al. 1983

Synonyms

CL05E (GER-05E) Linarion triornithophorae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Acidophilous forest fringe vegetation in the supratemperate and meso-supramediterranean belts of the Northern Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Linarion triornithophorae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Synonyms

CL05F (GER-05F) Origanion virentis Rivas-Mart. et O. de Bolòs in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Acidophilous xeric fringe and tall-herb vegetation in the mesomediterranean belt of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Origanion virentis Rivas-Mart. et O. de Bolòs in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Synonyms

CL05G (GER-05G) Luzulo sieberi-Brachypodion genuensis Allegrezza et Biondi in Biondi et al. 2015

Acidophilous mesophilous fringe vegetation in the supratemperate belt of the Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Luzulo sieberi-Brachypodion genuensis Allegrezza et Biondi in Biondi et al. 2015

Synonyms

Remark

ger05 | The suggested classification of this alliance within the (calcicolous) mediterranean order Asphodeletalia macrocarpi (see Biondi et al. 2015) is not appropriate since. The vegetation of this alliance occurs thermo-climatically in the 'upper supratemperate' − hence it is of submediterranean character. (L. Mucina, R. Di Pietro).

CL05H (GER-05H) Digitalidi ferrugineae-Pteridion aquilini Biondi et Casavecchia in Biondi et al. 2014

Acidophilous forest fringe and tall-herb vegetation of abandoned grasslands developed on decalcified soils in the colline and montane belts of the Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Digitalidi ferrugineae-Pteridion aquilini Biondi et Casavecchia in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

CM (MOL) Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937

Anthropogenic managed pastures, meadows and tall-herb meadow fringes on fertile deep soils at low and mid-altitudes (rarely also high altitudes) of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937

Synonyms

CM01 (MOL-01) Arrhenatheretalia elatioris Tx. 1931

Mown meadows and pastures on well-drained mineral soils at low and mid-altitudes of temperate and subboreal Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Arrhenatheretalia elatioris Tx. 1931

Synonyms

CM01A (MOL-01A) Arrhenatherion elatioris Koch 1926

Mesic mown meadows on mineral-rich soils in the lowland to submontane belts of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Arrhenatherion elatioris Luquet 1926

Synonyms

CM01B (MOL-01B) Phyteumato-Trisetion Ellmauer et Mucina 1993

Mesic mown meadows on relatively mineral-poor soils in the submontane and montane belts of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Phyteumato-Trisetion Ellmauer et Mucina 1993

Synonyms

CM01C (MOL-01C) Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947

Mesic pastures on well-drained mineral-rich soils at low to mid-altitudes of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947

Synonyms

Remark

mol06 | A proposal to conserve the name Cynosurion cristati Tx. 1947 against the name Lolion perennis Felföldy 1942 was made by Chytrý & Blažková in Chytrý (2007: 195, 197). (L. Mucina).

CM01D (MOL-01D) Alchemillo-Ranunculion repentis Passarge 1979

Slightly trampled herb-rich grasslands in shaded habitats of the temperate and subboreal regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alchemillo-Ranunculion repentis Passarge 1979

Synonyms

CM01E (MOL-01E) Brachypodio-Centaureion nemoralis Br.-Bl. 1967

Mesic mown meadows on mineral-rich soils of the thermo-atlantic and submediterranean regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodio-Centaureion nemoralis Br.-Bl. 1967

Synonyms

CM01F (MOL-01F) Salvio pratensis-Dactylidion glomeratae Ubaldi et al. in Ubaldi 2003

Mesic mown meadows on mineral-rich soils of the submediterranean regions of the Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salvio pratensis-Dactylidion glomeratae Ubaldi et al. in Ubaldi 2003

Synonyms

CM01G (MOL-01G) Rumicion thyrsiflori Micevski 1994

Mesic mown meadows on mineral-rich soils of the submediterranean regions of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumicion thyrsiflori Micevski 1994

Synonyms

CM01H (MOL-01H) Trifolio pratensis-Brizion elatioris Didukh et Kuzemko 2009

Mesic mown meadows on well-drained soils of forest clearings in the mountains of submediterranean Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolio pratensis-Brizion elatioris Didukh et Kuzemko 2009

Synonyms

CM02 (MOL-02) Galietalia veri Mirkin et Naumova 1986

Steppic meadows on rarely flooded river terraces in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eastern Europe, and Western and Central Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Galietalia veri Mirkin et Naumova 1986

Synonyms

Remark

mol08 | The Galietalia veri represents a special type of Eastern European and Siberian meadow vegetation. The vegetation of this order occurs for J.-P. Theurillat in Eastern Europe and Western Siberia, on high-elevated alluvial river terraces. (N. Ermakov) Basic attributes of this order are: (1) subxeric meadows; (2) highly variable moisture regime including occasional spring flooding and summer dry; (3) continental climate; (4) presence of the Molinio-Arrhenathereta and Festuco-Brometea species; (5) absence of many European dominants typical of the Arrhenatheretalia (e.g. Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bellis perennis, Cynosurus cristatus, Holcus lanatus, etc.). This vegetation covers vast area and it deserved recognition on a high-rank level. (A. Solomeshch) The communities classified within Galietalia veri mostly should belong to the Festuco-Brometea (Brachypodietalia pinnati) and the Koelerio-Corynephoretea, and to a smaller extent probably also to the Trifolio-Geranietea and the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (Arrhenatheretalia elatioris). Whether there is a case for recognition of the Galietalia veri remains open for further studies. (J. Dengler) Nomenclatural notes on this order are found in Kuzemko (2009). (L. Mucina).

CM02A (MOL-02A) Agrostion vinealis Sipailova et al. 1985

Steppic meadows on intermittently wet floodplains of the Dnieper River basin

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostion vinealis Sipailova et al. 1985

Synonyms

CM02B (MOL-02B) Artemision ponticae Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1995

Steppic meadows on intermittently wet floodplains of the Don River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemision ponticae Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1995

Synonyms

CM02C (MOL-02C) Trifolion montani Naumova 1986

Steppic meadows on rarely flooded river terraces of the Southern Urals and Western Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion montani Naumova 1986

Synonyms

CM03 (MOL-03) Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Ellmauer et Mucina 1993

High-altitude mesic hay meadows and pastures in the mountain ranges of the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poo alpinae-Trisetetalia Ellmauer et Mucina 1993

Synonyms

CM03A (MOL-03A) Triseto flavescentis-Polygonion bistortae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Marschall 1947

Montane-supramontane hay meadows on fertile mineral-rich soils of Central European mountain ranges

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Triseto flavescentis-Polygonion bistortae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Marschall 1947

Synonyms

CM03B (MOL-03B) Poion alpinae Gams ex Oberd. 1950

Cattle pastures of fertile soils in the subalpine belt of the Alps and the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poion alpinae Gams ex Oberd. 1950

Synonyms

CM03C (MOL-03C) Poion supinae Rivas-Mart. et Géhu 1978

Heavily-trampled pastures at high altitudes of the mountain ranges of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poion supinae Rivas-Mart. et Géhu 1978

Synonyms

CM03D (MOL-03D) Violion cornutae Nègre 1972

Mesic montane meadows on fertile mineral soils of the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violion cornutae Nègre 1972

Synonyms

CM03E (MOL-03E) Pancicion serbicae Lakušić 1966

Mesic montane meadows on fertile mineral soils of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pancicion serbicae Lakušić 1966

Synonyms

CM03F (MOL-03F) Helictotricho compressi-Bistortion officinalis Didukh et Kuzemko 2009

Mesic montane pastures (yailas) on deep humus-rich soils in karst dolinas of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helictotricho compressi-Bistortion officinalis Didukh et Kuzemko 2009

Synonyms

CM03G (MOL-03G) Astrantion maximae Korotkov 2013

Mesic subalpine meadows on nutrient-rich calcareous soils of the Central Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astrantion maximae Korotkov 2013

Synonyms

CM04 (MOL-04) Carici macrourae-Crepidetalia sibiricae Ermakov et al. 1999

Mesic meadows on fertile soils in the continental forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals and Western Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici macrourae-Crepidetalia sibiricae Ermakov et al. 1999

Synonyms

CM04A (MOL-04A) Polygonion krascheninnikovii Kashapov 1985

Meadows rich in tall herbs on fertile mineral soils in the montane zone of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polygonion krascheninnikovii Kashapov 1985

Synonyms

CM05 (MOL-05) Molinietalia caeruleae Koch 1926

Wet mown meadows on mineral and peaty soils in the temperate to subarctic zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinietalia caeruleae Koch 1926

Synonyms

CM05A (MOL-05A) Molinion caeruleae Koch 1926

Mown meadows on temporarily wet soils at low altitudes of temperate Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinion caeruleae Koch 1926

Synonyms

CM05B (MOL-05B) Calthion palustris Tx. 1937

Herb-rich temporarily wet mown meadows on mineral soils at low altitudes of suboceanic Western and subcontinental Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calthion palustris Tx. 1937

Synonyms

CM05C (MOL-05C) Bromion racemosi Tx. In Tx. et Preising ex de Foucault 2009

Herb-rich temporarily wet mown meadows on mineral soils at low altitudes of the oceanic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Bromion racemosi Tx. In Tx. et Preising ex de Foucault 2009

Synonyms

CM05D (MOL-05D) Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatić 1930

Mown temporarily wet meadows on heavy soils on floodplains in the forest and forest-steppe zones of (sub)continental Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Deschampsion cespitosae Horvatić 1930

Synonyms

CM05E (MOL-05E) Conioselinion tatarici Golub et al. 2003 nom. inval. (5a)

Wet herb-rich meadows in supralittoral habitats of the subarctic seaboards of the White Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Conioselinion tatarici Golub et al. 2003

Synonyms

CM05F (MOL-05F) Oenanthion fistulosae de Foucault 2009

Floodplain mown meadows under influence of prolonged inundation at low altitudes of the winter-mild regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oenanthion fistulosae de Foucault 2009

Synonyms

CM05G (MOL-05G) Eleocharition palustris Mirkin et Naumova 1986

Mown floodplain wet meadows on heavy soils in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals and Western Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Eleocharition palustris Mirkin et Naumova 1986

Synonyms

CM06 (MOL-06) Trifolio-Hordeetalia Horvatić 1963

Amphiadriatic wet meadows on gleyic soils of the river floodplains and karstic poljes of the Apennine and Balkan Peninsulas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolio-Hordeetalia Horvatić 1963

Synonyms

CM06A (MOL-06A) Molinio-Hordeion secalini Horvatić 1934

Vegetation of wet meadows of the submediterranean precipitation-rich regions of the Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinio-Hordeion secalini Horvatić 1934

Synonyms

Remark

mol14 | The original diagnosis of the name in Horvatić (1934: 307) contains two associations, such as the 'Asocijacija Trifolium fragiferum-Hordeum secalinum', preferentially named 'Hordeetum secalini' (p. 308) and the 'Peucedaneto-Molinietum littoralis' (p. 321). To our knowledge, the name Molinio-Hordeion Horvatić 1934 has not been typified yet and therefore we select here the name Trifolio fragiferi-Hordeetum secalini Horvatić 1934 as the lectotypus hoc loco. (J.-P. Theurillat, L. Mucina).

CM06B (MOL-06B) Trifolion resupinati Micevski 1957

Vegetation of wet meadows of the subarid continental regions of the Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion resupinati Micevski 1957

Synonyms

CM06C (MOL-06C) Trifolio-Ranunculion pedati Slavnić 1948

Vegetation of wet meadows of the subhumid continental regions of Northern Serbia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolio-Ranunculion pedati Slavnić 1948

Synonyms

CM06D (MOL-06D) Trifolion pallidi Ilijanić 1969

Vegetation of wet meadows of the humid continental regions of the north-central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion pallidi Ilijanić 1969

Synonyms

CM06E (MOL-06E) Ranunculion velutini Pedrotti 1978

Vegetation of wet meadows of the subhumid high-altitude karst poljes of the Central Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ranunculion velutini Pedrotti 1978

Synonyms

CM07 (MOL-07) Holoschoenetalia Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948

Humid grass-rush meadows of the Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Holoschoenetalia Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948

Synonyms

Remark

mol17 | Delimitation of this vegetation towards the Juncetea maritimi is not clear and therefore it could be accommodated within the latter class. (E. Bergmeier) The communities of this order occur in freshwater-fed wetlands and therefore the classification within the Juncetea maritimi does not appear as warranted. However the current delimitation of the alliances within the Holoschoenetalia Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948 leaves a lot of latitude for improvement. (L. Mucina).

CM07A (MOL-07A) Molinio-Holoschoenion Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948

Seasonally flooded meadows on subsaline soils of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinio-Holoschoenion Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948

Synonyms

CM07B (MOL-07B) Sieglingion decumbentis Gamisans 1976

Relict oromediterranean oligotrophic silicicolous humid swards of Corsica

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sieglingion decumbentis Gamisans 1976

Synonyms

Remark

mol20 | This alliance consists of a mixture of the Nardetalia, Cynosurion and Caricetalia fuscae elements − the alliance should therefore be rejected as nomen dubium. The local associations belong to the Caricion fuscae. (K. Dierssen).

CM07C (MOL-07C) Dactylorhizo-Juncion striati S. Brullo et Grillo 1978

Relict humid swards of high altitudes of Calabria and Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dactylorhizo-Juncion striati S. Brullo et Grillo 1978

Synonyms

CM07D (MOL-07D) Deschampsion mediae Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 nom. conserv. propos.

Humid meso-supramediterranean and submediterranean pastures on clayey soils of the Eastern Iberian Peninsula and Southern France

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Deschampsion mediae Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

mol22 | See Remark mol21. (L. Mucina).

CM07E (MOL-07E) Gaudinio fragilis-Hordeion bulbosi Galán de Mera et al. 1997

Humid meadows on sandy soils along the Western Mediterranean coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Gaudinio fragilis-Hordeion bulbosi Galán de Mera et al. 1997

Synonyms

CM07F (MOL-07F) Brachypodio sylvatici-Holoschoenion romani Gradstein et Smittenberg 1977

Riparian and spring-marsh wet grasslands at mid-altitudes of Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodio sylvatici-Holoschoenion romani Gradstein et Smittenberg 1977

Synonyms

Remark

mol26 | The Caricetum creticae (Gradstein & Smittenberg 1977: Table, 5, relevés 1–4) is the holotypus of the Brachypodio sylvatici-Holoschoenion romani Gradstein et Smittenberg 1977. (L. Mucina).

CM08 (MOL-08) Filipendulo ulmariae-Lotetalia uliginosi Passarge 1975

Tall-herb wet meadow fringe vegetation on mineral soils of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Filipendulo ulmariae-Lotetalia uliginosi Passarge 1975

Synonyms

Remark

mol27 | The original name published by Passarge (1975) reads 'Ordnung: Filipendula-Lotus uliginosus-Feuchtwiesensaume'; the protologue is thus listing eponymous taxa and the rank is also clearly indicated. The diagnosis also contains the validly published Filipendulion Segal ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969 − hence the order is validly published for a name published before 1.1.1979 (ICPN art. 14). This order, together with the Convolvuletalia sepium (Epilobietea angustifolii), is sometimes placed within a class in its own right − the Filipendulo-Convolvuletea (see de Foucault 2011 and the literature cited therein). (J.-P. Theurillat, L. Mucina).

CM08A (MOL-08A) Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. ex Duvigneaud 1949

Tall-herb fringe wet meadow vegetation on neutral and slightly basic mineral soils in the submontane and montane belts of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Filipendulo-Petasition Br.-Bl. ex Duvigneaud 1949

Synonyms

Remark

mol28 | Floristic differences between this alliance and the Calthion palustris are small and therefore both alliances should be merged. (M. Chytrý) These tall-forb communities, forming successional stages of abandoned wet grasslands, along ditches and forest-edge are structurally and ecologically so different from the managed grasslands of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea that they should be classified within the Filipendulo ulmariae-Lotetalia uliginosi and, together with the Petasito-Chaerophylletalia and the Convolvuletalia sepium, placed within a separate class of natural and semi-natural tall-forb communities of moist to wet habitats − the Filipendulo ulmariae-Convolvuletea sepium. Yet, currently there seems to be no valid name available for this class concept. (J. Dengler, J.-P. Theurillat).

CM08B (MOL-08B) Rumicion balcanici Lakušić ex D. Lakušić et al. 2015

Tall-herb fringe wet meadow vegetation on neutral and slightly basic mineral soils in the submontane and montane belts of the Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumicion balcanici Lakušić ex D. Lakušić et al. 2015

Synonyms

CM08C (MOL-08C) Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981

Tall-herb fringe wet meadow vegetation on neutral and slightly basic mineral soils in the lowland and colline belts of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Veronico longifoliae-Lysimachion vulgaris (Passarge 1977) Bal.-Tul. 1981

Synonyms

CM08D (MOL-08D) Filipendulion ulmariae Segal ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969

Tall-herb fringe wet meadow vegetation on acidic mineral soil of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Filipendulion ulmariae Segal ex Westhoff et Den Held 1969

Synonyms

CM08E (MOL-08E) Mentho longifoliae-Juncion inflexi T. Müller et Görs ex de Foucault 2009

Tall-herb temporarily flooded lightly-grazed nutrient-rich meadow fringes in riparian and alluvial habitats of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Mentho longifoliae-Juncion inflexi T. Müller et Görs ex de Foucault 2009

Synonyms

CM09 (MOL-09) Althaeetalia officinalis Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Tall-herb periodically flooded meadows of the steppe and semi-desert zones of Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Althaeetalia officinalis Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Synonyms

Remark

mol30 | The syntaxonomic identity of this order is doubtful. Description and diagnostic species suggest that this order can be largely identified with the Convolvuletalia sepium (Epilobietea angustifolii) and perhaps to a lesser extent with the Filipendulo-Petasition (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea). (J. Dengler, K. Dierssen, L. Mucina).

CM09A (MOL-09A) Althaeion officinalis Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Tall-herb periodically flooded meadows in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Althaeion officinalis Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Synonyms

CM09B (MOL-09B) Euphorbion palustris Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995

Tall-herb periodically flooded meadows in the steppe zone of the Ural River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbion palustris Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995

Synonyms

CM09C (MOL-09C) Lythro-Euphorbion Mirkin et Naumova 1986

Tall-herb periodically flooded alluvial meadows in the semi-desert zone of European Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lythro-Euphorbion Mirkin et Naumova 1986

Synonyms

CM10 (MOL-10) Potentillo-Polygonetalia avicularis Tx. 1947

Temporarily flooded and heavily grazed zoo-anthropogenic nutrient-rich meadows and pastures of the temperate and mediterranean regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Potentillo-Polygonetalia avicularis Tx. 1947

Synonyms

Remark

mol31 | In some national vegetation systems, this syntaxonomic concept is more or less identical with the class in its own right − the Agrostietea stoloniferae (Oberdorfer 1983; de Foucault & Catteau 2012). (L. Mucina).

CM10A (MOL-10A) Potentillion anserinae Tx. 1947

Temporarily flooded and heavily grazed nutrient-rich pastures experiencing variable wet-dry or brackish-fresh alternating conditions of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Potentillion anserinae Tx. 1947

Synonyms

CM10B (MOL-10B) Loto tenuis-Trifolion fragiferi Westhoff et Den Held ex de Foucault 2009

Temporarily flooded heavily grazed nutrient-rich grasslands and herblands on subsaline soils of temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Loto tenuis-Trifolion fragiferi Westhoff et Den Held ex de Foucault 2009

Synonyms

CM10C (MOL-10C) Trifolion maritimi Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Temporarily flooded heavily grazed nutrient-rich grasslands and herblands on subsaline soils of the Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion maritimi Br.-Bl. ex Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Synonyms

Remark

mol32 | This name (originally coined by J. Braun-Blanquet 1931) has been neglected for a long time despite having been validated by Braun-Blanquet et al. (1952: 121) since the protologue contains one validly described association − the 'Agropyreto-Trifolietum maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931' (validly published in Braun-Blanquet et al. 1952: see the synoptic table therein). (L. Mucina).

CN (SAB) Junipero-Pinetea sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1965 nom. invers. propos.

Relict oromediterranean and submediterranean orotemperate dry pine forests, juniper woods and related scrub of the Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Junipero-Pinetea sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1965 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

sab01 | This proposal was suggested in Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002a), following the ICPN art. 10b. Although not approved by the Nomenclatural Commission yet, we prefer to use the inverted form as it is clear that Pinus sylvestris is the dominating element; nowadays the concept of this class is used for woodland communities. The addition of the specific epithet 'sabina' is, however, prohibited because there are two species of Juniperus occur in the original diagnosis (J. sabina, J. nana) and hence ICPN art. 40a applies. (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

CN01 (SAB-01) Junipero-Pinetalia sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1965 nom. invers. propos.

Relict supramediterranean and submediterranean orotemperate dry pine and juniper woods of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Junipero-Pinetalia sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1965 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

sab04 | See Remark sab01. (L. Mucina).

CN01A (SAB-01A) Junipero-Pinion sylvestris Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et Borja 1961 nom. invers. propos.

Calcicolous supra-oromediterranean oroiberian and submediterranean montane pine forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Junipero-Pinion sylvestris Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et Borja 1961 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

sab05 | The inversion of the original name 'Pino-Juniperion sabinae' was suggested in Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002a), following the ICPN art. 10b. Although not approved by the Nomenclatural Commission yet, we prefer to use the inverted form. The epithet 'sylvestris' is added according to ICPN Rec. 10C. (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

CN01B (SAB-01B) Juniperion thuriferae Rivas-Mart. 1969

Calcicolous meso-supramediterranean oroiberian and submediterranean montane juniper woodlands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion thuriferae Rivas-Mart. 1969

Synonyms

CN01C (SAB-01C) Junipero hemisphaericae-Pinion sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1983

Pyreneo-Catalonian montane and subalpine mesophilous pine forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Junipero hemisphaericae-Pinion sylvestris Rivas-Mart. 1983

Synonyms

CN01D (SAB-01D) Avenello ibericae-Pinion ibericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Supramediterranean and submediterranean montane dry pine forests of the Central Iberian and Cantabrian mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Avenello ibericae-Pinion ibericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

CN02 (SAB-02) Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Relict submediterranean and supra-mediterranean dry scrub of Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperetalia hemisphaericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

Remark

sab06 | This syntaxonomic concept could be considered as a class in its own right as based on the same principle as much as the Rhamno-Prunetea should be considered different from the Carpino-Fagetea and the Cetrario-Loiseleurietea from the Vaccinio-Piceetea. (L. Mucina).

CN02A (SAB-02A) Cytision oromediterranei Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. 1987

Silicicolous orotemperate, mainly submediterranean dry juniper scrub of the Central Iberian and Cantabrian mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytision oromediterranei Tx. in Tx. et Oberd. 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. 1987

Synonyms

Remark

sab07 | For the arguments underpinning this name correction see Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 474). (L. Mucina).

CN02B (SAB-02B) Genisto versicoloris-Juniperion hemisphaericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Silicicolous oromediterranean dry juniper scrub of the Sierra Nevada (Southern Iberian Peninsula)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genisto versicoloris-Juniperion hemisphaericae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

CN02C (SAB-02C) Pruno prostratae-Juniperion sabinae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Calcicolous supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate submediterranean dry juniper scrub of the Central Iberian and Cantabrian mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pruno prostratae-Juniperion sabinae Rivas-Mart. et J.A. Molina in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

CN03 (SAB-03) Berberido creticae-Juniperetalia excelsae Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Relict submediterranean supramediterranean dry pine forests and juniper woods of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Berberido creticae-Juniperetalia excelsae Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

sab08 | This new order (Berberido creticae-Juniperetalia excelsae) is the Central and Eastern Mediterranean geographic analogue of the Western Mediterranean Pino sylvestris-Juniperetalia sabinae Rivas-Mart. 1965. It comprises a series of open-woodland alliances with sparse scrub undergrowth, distributed from the Tyrrhenian islands of Corsica and Sardinia as far east as Cyprus and Middle East. The Juniperion excelso-foetidissimae (Matevski et al. 2010: 162) is the holotypus (hoc loco) of the order. Berberis aetnensis, Juniperus excelsa, J. foetidissima, Lactuca cyprica and Pinus nigra subsp. laricio are the character taxa of the order. (L. Mucina).

CN03A (SAB-03A) Berberido aetnensis-Pinion laricionis (S. Brullo et al. 2001) Mucina et Theurillat in Mucina et al. 2016

Acidophilous dry pine forests in the supra-mediterranean belt of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Calabria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Berberido aetnensis-Pinion laricionis (S. Brullo et al. 2001) Mucina et Theurillat in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

sab09 | The introduction of the nomen novum appears necessary in order to introduce a valid name for this syntaxonomic concept since the available name 'Berberidion aetnensis S. Brullo et al. 2001' is illegitimate (ICPN art. 29). The nomen novum is introduced for the ‘Berberidion aetnensis S. Brullo et al. 2001’ (see Remark sab10). (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

CN03B (SAB-03B) Juniperion excelso-foetidissimae Em ex Matevski et al. 2010

Submediterranean montane tall juniper woods on shallow soils over limestone, schist and ultramafic substrates of the south-central Balkans and the Hellenic mainland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion excelso-foetidissimae Em ex Matevski et al. 2010

Synonyms

CN03C (SAB-03C) Jasmino-Juniperion excelsae Didukh, Vakarenko et Shelyag-Sosonko ex Didukh 1996

Crimean submediterranean montane open dry juniper woods

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Jasmino-Juniperion excelsae Didukh, Vakarenko et Shelyag-Sosonko ex Didukh 1996

Synonyms

Remark

sab11 | Didukh (1996) classified this alliance within the Quercetea pubescentis. However, the synoptic table in the latter paper (Table 1 on pages 68−71) does not support his conclusion. The Jasmino-Juniperion excelsae are relict woods showing strong mediterranean influence. (L. Mucina).

CN03D (SAB-03D) Berberido creticae-Juniperion foetidissimae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Silicicolous montane pine and juniper woods and related scrub of continental Hellas, Cyprus, Anatolia and Lebanon

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Berberido creticae-Juniperion foetidissimae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

Remark

sab12 | Brullo et al. (2001b) included here those coniferous forests considered as an eastern geographic analogon of the 'Berberidion aetnensis' (recte: Berberido aetnensis-Pinion laricionis, see above). Although most of the relevés in the diagnosis of the type association (Sorbo orbiculatae-Juniperetum foetidissimae Barbero et Quézel ex Brullo et al. 2001) are dominated by Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (cover category 4 or 5 in the Braun-Blanquet sampling scale), the name can nevertheless be considered as validly published because its type relevé is dominated more by Juniperus foetidissima and Sorbus umbellata var. orbiculata (both cover category 4) rather than by Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (cover category 2). (J.-P. Theurillat).

CO (ERI) Erico-Pinetea Horvat 1959

Relict pine forests and related scrub on calcareous and ultramafic substrates of the Balkans, the Alps, the Carpathians and Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico-Pinetea Horvat 1959

Synonyms

CO01 (ERI-01) Erico-Pinetalia Horvat 1959 nom. conserv. propos.

Montane calcareous relict pine forests of the Balkans, the Apennines, the Alps and Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico-Pinetalia Horvat 1959 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

eri01 | The formal conservation of this name was proposed in Willner & Grabherr (2007: 235). (L. Mucina).

CO01A (ERI-01A) Erico carneae-Pinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 nom. invers. propos.

Relict Pinus sylvestris forests on calcareous substrates of the Alps, the Hercynicum and the Massif Central

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico carneae-Pinion Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

eri03 | The inversion of the name was proposed in Willner & Grabherr (2007: 235; see also Šilc & Čarni 2012: 158). (L. Mucina).

CO01B (ERI-01B) Pulsatillo slavicae-Pinion Fajmonová 1978

Relict Pinus sylvestris forests on calcareous substrates of the Western Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pulsatillo slavicae-Pinion Fajmonová 1978

Synonyms

CO01C (ERI-01C) Seslerio rigidae-Pinion Coldea ex Mucina et Čarni in Mucina et al. 2016

Relict Pinus sylvestris forests on calcareous substrates of the Eastern and Southern Carpathians and the Central and Eastern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerio rigidae-Pinion Coldea ex Mucina et Čarni in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

eri04 | validation of the Seslerio-Pinion comes here.

CO01D (ERI-01D) Erico carneae-Piceion omorikae Mucina et Čarni in Mucina et al. 2016

Relict Picea omorika forests on calcareous substrates of the Central and Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico carneae-Piceion omorikae Mucina et Čarni in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

eri05 | new remark comes here.

CO01E (ERI-01E) Fraxino orni-Pinion nigrae Em 1978

Relic Pinus nigra forests on calcareous substrates of the Central and Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fraxino orni-Pinion nigrae Em 1978

Synonyms

CO01F (ERI-01F) Erico-Fraxinion orni Horvat 1959 nom. invers. propos.

Relict Pinus nigra forests on dolomite and ultramafic substrates of the Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico-Fraxinion orni Horvat 1959 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

eri06 | The proposed inversion follows from application of ICPN art. 10b. (J. Dengler).

CO01G (ERI-01G) Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Pinion pallasianae Barbero et Quézel 1976 nom. invers. propos.

Relict Pinus nigra forests on calcareous, dolomitic and ophiolithic rocky slopes of the Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chamaecytiso hirsuti-Pinion pallasianae Barbero et Quézel 1976 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

CO01H (ERI-01H) Pinion heldreichii Horvat 1946

Relic Pinus heldreichii forests on calcareous and ultramafic substrates of the Southern Balkans and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinion heldreichii Horvat 1946

Synonyms

CO02 (ERI-02) Pinetalia pallasianae-kochianae Korzhenevsky 1998

Relict Pinus sylvestris forests on calcareous substrates of southeastern Ukraine and Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinetalia pallasianae-kochianae Korzhenevsky 1998

Synonyms

CO02A (ERI-02A) Pinion pallasianae Korzhenevsky 1998

Relict Pinus sylvestris forests on Jurassic limestones of Southern Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinion pallasianae Korzhenevsky 1998

Synonyms

CO02B (ERI-02B) Libanotido intermediae-Pinion sylvestris Didukh 2003

Relict Pinus sylvestris forests on Cretaceous marls in steep river valleys of southeastern Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Libanotido intermediae-Pinion sylvestris Didukh 2003

Synonyms

CP (MUG) Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 1995

Pine krummholz in the subalpine belts of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 1995

Synonyms

Remark

mug01 | In order to accommodate krummholz scrub dominated by Pinus mugo (typical of the subalpine belt of the central and south European nemoral mountain ranges) and motivated by the structural differences between the krummholz scrub and boreal forests, Theurillat et al. (1995: 228) described the Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo (containing the Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971). (LM) The Roso-Pinetea has been recently accepted also for the Carpathian (Šibík et al. 2005, 2008) and the Balkan (Redžić 2007) vegetation. (J.-P. Theurillat, L. Mucina) An alternative suggestion is to accommodate this syntaxonomic content of this unit within the Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea. (N. Ermakov).

CP01 (MUG-01) Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971

Pine krummholz in the subalpine belts of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971

Synonyms

CP01A (MUG-01A) Pinion mugo Pawłowski et al. 1928

Subalpine silicicolous pine krummholz of the Alps, the Carpathians and the Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinion mugo Pawłowski et al. 1928

Synonyms

CP01B (MUG-01B) Erico-Pinion mugo Leibundgut 1948

Subalpine calcicolous pine krummholz of the Central and Eastern Alps and the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico-Pinion mugo Leibundgut 1948

Synonyms

CP01C (MUG-01C) Epipactido atropurpureae-Pinion mugo Stanisci 1997

Subalpine calcicolous pine krummholz of the Central Apennines and the Southern Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Epipactido atropurpureae-Pinion mugo Stanisci 1997

Synonyms

CP01D (MUG-01D) Lonicero borbasianae-Pinion mugo Čarni et Mucina 2015 nom. inval. (3b, 3j)

Subalpine calcicolous pine krummholz of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero borbasianae-Pinion mugo Čarni et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

CQ (RHO) Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae Schubert et al. 2001

Supramontane to subalpine low heath on calcareous skeletal soils, rocky outcrops, lapiés and boulders of the Alps, the Apennines and the Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetea carneae Schubert et al. 2001

Synonyms

CQ01 (RHO-01) Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Grabherr et al. 1993

Supramontane to subalpine low heath on calcareous skeletal soils, rocky outcrops, lapiés and boulders of the Alps, the Apennines and the Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro hirsuti-Ericetalia carneae Grabherr et al. 1993

Synonyms

CQ01A (RHO-01A) Ericion carneae Rübel ex Grabherr et al. 1993

Subalpine and alpine low heath on rocky calcareous soils, outcrops, lapiés and boulder fields of the Alps, the Apennines and the Northern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ericion carneae Rübel ex Grabherr et al. 1993

Synonyms

CQ01B (RHO-01B) Aquilegio nigricantis-Rhododendrion hirsuti Čarni et Mucina 2015

Subalpine heath on rocky calcareous soils of the Central Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aquilegio nigricantis-Rhododendrion hirsuti Čarni et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

CQ01C (RHO-01C) Daphno blagayanae-Genistion radiatae N. Ranđelović, Rexhepi et Jovanović ex Mucina et Theurillat in Mucina et al. 2016

Relic supramontane to subalpine low heath on ultramafic and calcareous substrates of the Southern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Daphno blagayanae-Genistion radiatae N. Ranđelović, Rexhepi et Jovanović ex Mucina et Theurillat in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

rho01 | The name 'Daphno-Genistion radiatae' was not validly published in Ranđelović & Rexhepi (1980) because the unique association listed for the alliance, the 'Daphno-genistetum radiatae Ranđelović, Rexhepi et Jovanović 1979', was not validly published due to failure to designate the type relevé (ICPN art. 5). Therefore, the names of the association and the alliance are validated here. Daphno blagayanae-Genistetum radiatae Ranđelović, Rexhepi et Jovanović ex Mucina et Theurillat ass. nov. hoc loco; holotypus hoc loco: relevé 3 in Table 11 in Ranđelović et al. (1979: 992−993). Daphno blagayanae-Genistion radiatae Ranđelović, Rexhepi et Jovanović ex Mucina et Theurillat all. nov. hoc loco; holotypus hoc loco: Daphno oleoidis-Genistetum radiatae Ranđelović, Rexhepi et Jovanović ex Mucina et Theurillat ass. nov. hoc loco; the character species of the alliance are Genista radiata and Daphne blagayana. (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

CR (VIR) Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Rejmánek ex Bœuf, Theurillat, Willner, Mucina et Simler in Bœuf et al. 2014

Subalpine and subarctic herb-rich alder and willow scrub and krummholz of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Hercynicum, the Balkans, the Caucasus, Northern Europe and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis Rejmánek ex Bœuf, Theurillat, Willner, Mucina et Simler in Bœuf et al. 2014

Synonyms

Remark

vir01 | We follow Huml et al. (1979) and several national and regional vegetation surveys (Julve 1993; Theurillat et al. 1995; Rivas-Martínez et al. 2002b; Bardat et al. 2004; Bœuf et al. 2014) that pursued separation of the Alnetalia viridis (tall-herb rich subalpine scrub and krummholz as a class in its own right − the Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis. (L. Mucina).

CR01 (VIR-01) Alnetalia viridis Rübel ex Karner et Willner in Willner et Grabherr 2007

Subalpine herb-rich alder and willow scrub and krummholz of the Alps, the Balkans and the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alnetalia viridis Rübel ex Karner et Willner in Willner et Grabherr 2007

Synonyms

CR01A (VIR-01A) Alnion viridis Schnyder 1930

Subalpine green alder scrub on fertile soils of the Alps and the Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alnion viridis Schnyder 1930

Synonyms

CR01B (VIR-01B) Salicion pentandrae Br.-Bl. 1967

Subalpine calcicolous willow krummholz of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion pentandrae Br.-Bl. 1967

Synonyms

CR01C (VIR-01C) Salicion helveticae Rübel ex Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 1995

Subalpine silicicolous willow krummholz of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion helveticae Rübel ex Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 1995

Synonyms

CR01D (VIR-01D) Salicion silesiacae Rejmánek et al. 1971

Subalpine willow scrub on fertile soils of the Western Carpathians and Eastern Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion silesiacae Rejmánek et al. 1971

Synonyms

CR01E (VIR-01E) Pruno petraeae-Sorbion aucupariae Rameau ex Seytre et Bœuf in Bœuf 2011

Subalpine mesic silicicolous scrub of the Massif Central, Vosges and Schwarzwald

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pruno petraeae-Sorbion aucupariae Rameau ex Seytre et Bœuf in Bœuf 2011

Synonyms

CR02 (VIR-02) Rhamnetalia fallacis P. Fukarek 1969

Relict deciduous scrub in the montane and subalpine belts of the Southern Alps, Dinarides and Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhamnetalia fallacis P. Fukarek 1969

Synonyms

Remark

vir02 | Classification of these units within the 'Querco-Fagetea' as suggested for instance by Trinajstić (2008: 106) is hardly acceptable. (L. Mucina).

CR02A (VIR-02A) Seslerio calcariae-Rhamnion fallacis Dakskobler et al. 2013

Relict deciduous scrub in the montane and subalpine belts of the Southern Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerio calcariae-Rhamnion fallacis Dakskobler et al. 2013

Synonyms

CR02B (VIR-02B) Lonicero-Rhamnion fallacis P. Fukarek 1969

Relict deciduous scrub in the supramontane and subalpine belts of the Dinarides and Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lonicero-Rhamnion fallacis P. Fukarek 1969

Synonyms

CR03 (VIR-03) Salicetalia glauco-lanatae Bœuf et al. ex Mucina et Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Subarctic and boreal herb-rich willow scrub and birch krummholz of the Holarctic

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicetalia glauco-lanatae Bœuf et al. ex Mucina et Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

vir03 | Here we validate this invalidly described (Bœuf et al. 2014: 116, 118) syntaxonomic concept by selecting the Salicion callicarpeae Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016 (see Remark vir04 below) as the holotypus hoc loco. The following taxa are to be considered diagnostic of the new order: Alnus alaxensis, Betula pubescens var. pumila, Salix alaxensis, S. glauca, S. lanata, S. lapponum, S. myrsinithes, S. phylicifolia, S. pulchra and Sorbus groenlandica. (L. Mucina, F. Daniëls).

CR03A (VIR-03A) Salicion phylicifoliae Dierssen 1992

Willow scrub of montane stream banks in the boreal and subarctic zones of Northern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion phylicifoliae Dierssen 1992

Synonyms

CR03B (VIR-03B) Salicion callicarpeae Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Low Arctic herb-rich willow scrub and krummholz of Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion callicarpeae Daniëls in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

vir04 | This new alliance comprises thickets and low shrub vegetation of willows in the lowlands of subarctic and low-arctic Greenland characterised by (sub)oceanic climate, confined to wind-sheltered, relatively warm and sunny sites on level ground and footslopes, and supported by sandy-gravelly, acidic, dry or temporary moist, mineral soil. The holotypus (hoc loco) of this alliance is the Festuco-Salicetum callicarpaeae Daniëls 1982 (Daniëls 1982: 31 et seq.). I consider the name Salicion callicarpeae as more appropriate than the earlier, invalidly published Pyrolo grandiflorae-Salicion callicarpeae (Daniëls in Bœuf et al. 2014: 116). The diagnostic taxa of the alliance are: Alchemilla glomerulans, Anemone richardsonii, Bistorta vivipara, Campanula rotundifolia, Carex bigelowii subsp. bigelowii, Cerastium alpinum, Epilobium angustifolium, Festuca rubra, Gnaphalium norvegicum, Hieracium hyparcticoides, H. laevigatum, H. lividorubens, Lycopodium annotinum, Orthilia secunda, Pyrola minor, Ranunculus acris, Salix glauca subsp. callicarpaea and Stellaria calycantha. (F. Daniëls).

CR03C (VIR-03C) Geranio sylvatici-Betulion pumilae Mucina et Willner ined.

Subalpine and boreo-maritime birch scrub and krummholz of Scandinavia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Geranio sylvatici-Betulion pumilae Mucina et Willner ined.

Synonyms

Remark

vir05 | The formal description of this unit will be handled elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

CR04 (VIR-04) Rhododendro caucasici-Betuletalia litwinowii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Subalpine birch krummholz of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro caucasici-Betuletalia litwinowii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

vir06 | The formal description of this unit will be handled elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

CR04A (VIR-04A) Rhododendro caucasici-Betulion litwinowii Onipchenko 2002

Subalpine birch krummholz of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro caucasici-Betulion litwinowii Onipchenko 2002

Synonyms

CS (MUL) Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač et Klika in Klika et Hadač 1944

Tall-herb vegetation in nutrient-rich habitats moistened and fertilised by percolating water at high altitudes of Europe, Siberia and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač et Klika in Klika et Hadač 1944

Synonyms

Remark

mul01 | This class concept encompasses tall-herb communities of eutrophic habitats and excludes herb-rich low scrub, here classified within the Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis. (L. Mucina).

CS01 (MUL-01) Adenostyletalia alliariae Br.-Bl. 1930

Tall-herb vegetation on fertile soils at high altitudes of temperate and mediterranean Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Adenostyletalia alliariae Br.-Bl. 1930

Synonyms

CS01A (MUL-01A) Adenostylion alliariae Br.-Bl. 1926 nom. conserv. propos.

Tall-herb vegetation on siliceous substrates at high altitudes in the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Adenostylion alliariae Br.-Bl. 1926 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

mul02 | The name Adenostylion alliariae (sensu Zlatník 1925) cannot apply here, because in the original diagnosis Zlatník (l.c.) it included two associations, the Athyrietum alpestris and the Calamagrostietum arundinaceae. Therefore the name Adenostylion alliariae Zlatník 1925 could be applied as the oldest name of either the Calamagrostion arundinaceae or the Dryopterido-Athyrion. For the sake of nomenclatural stability, we suggest rejecting the Adenostylion alliariae Zlatník 1925 as a nomen ambiguum. In this regard the suggestion to preserve the Adenostylion alliariae Br.-Bl. 1926 as nomen conservandum was already made by Kočí in Chytrý (2007: 115). (K. Dierssen, M. Chytrý, L. Mucina).

CS01B (MUL-01B) Dryopterido filicis-maris-Athyrion distentifolii (Holub ex Sýkora et Štursa 1973) Jeník et al. 1980

Fern-rich vegetation on fertile soils at high altitudes of the Alps, Carpathians, Hercynicum and Scandinavia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dryopterido filicis-maris-Athyrion distentifolii (Holub ex Sýkora et Štursa 1973) Jeník et al. 1980

Synonyms

Remark

mul04 | Kliment et al. (2004) failed to establish the identity of this alliance in the Carpathians, while Kočí in Chytrý (2007: 126−127, citing numerous other sources) considers this unit as an alliance in its own right. (L. Mucina).

CS01C (MUL-01C) Delphinion elati Hadač in Hadač et al. 1969

Submontane to subalpine calcicolous tall-herb vegetation of the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Delphinion elati Hadač in Hadač et al. 1969

Synonyms

Remark

mul05 | Considering the silicicolous Adenostylenion alliariae and the calcicolous Delphinenion elati as two suballiances within the Adenostylion (e.g. Jarolímek & Šibík 2008) is not convincing on both floristic (see Tab. 6 in Kliment & Valachovič 2007) as well as ecological grounds, and therefore suggests retaining the Adenostylion alliariae and the Delphinion elati as alliances in their own right. (L. Mucina).

CS01D (MUL-01D) Cirsion flavispinae Quézel 1953

Tall-herb vegetation on fertile soils at high altitudes of the Sierra Nevada (Southern Iberian Peninsula)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cirsion flavispinae Quézel 1953

Synonyms

CS01E (MUL-01E) Doronicion corsici Gamisans 1975

Tall-herb vegetation in the supramediterranean and oromediterranean belts of Corsica

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Doronicion corsici Gamisans 1975

Synonyms

CS01F (MUL-01F) Cirsion appendiculati Horvat et al. 1937

Tall-herb vegetation on acidic soils along mountain streams and water springs at high altitudes of the Eastern and Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cirsion appendiculati Horvat et al. 1937

Synonyms

CS02 (MUL-02) Calamagrostietalia villosae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Tall-grass and herb-rich vegetation on acidic and deep leached calcareous soils of the Alps, Carpathians and Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calamagrostietalia villosae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Synonyms

CS02A (MUL-02A) Calamagrostion villosae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Tall-herb and herb-rich vegetation on acidic and deep leached soils in the subalpine and alpine belts of the Alps, Carpathians and Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calamagrostion villosae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Synonyms

CS02B (MUL-02B) Trisetion fusci Krajina 1933

Tall-grass and herb-rich vegetation on alluvial acidic soils along alpine streams of the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trisetion fusci Krajina 1933

Synonyms

CS02C (MUL-02C) Calamagrostion arundinaceae (Luquet 1926) Oberd. 1957

Tall-grass and herb-rich vegetation on dry acidic soils in the upper montane and subalpine belts of the mountain ranges of suboceanic Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calamagrostion arundinaceae (Luquet 1926) Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

CS03 (MUL-03) Petasito-Chaerophylletalia Morariu 1967

Tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-rich soils along mountain streams of Central Europe, the Balkans and the Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Petasito-Chaerophylletalia Morariu 1967

Synonyms

CS03A (MUL-03A) Petasition officinalis Sillinger 1933

Tall-herb vegetation on raw alluvia of streams in the upper colline to supramontane belts of the Carpathians and the Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Petasition officinalis Sillinger 1933

Synonyms

Remark

mul06 | The type association of the Petasition officinalis Sillinger 1933 (Kliment & Jarolímek 2002: 107) is the relevé 1 on page 134 in Sillinger (1933). According to Michl et al. (2010) this type relevé can clearly be assigned to the lowland tall-herb communities due to the prevalence of many diagnostic species of the Artemisietea vulgaris and Filipendulo-Calystegietea (Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium aparine, Petasites hybridus). It is for this reason that Michl et al. (2010) suggested classifying the Petasition officinalis Sillinger 1933 within the Filipendulo-Calystegietea. (L. Mucina).

CS03B (MUL-03B) Arunco-Petasition albi Br.-Bl. et Sutter 1977

Tall-herb vegetation on skeletal nutrient-rich soils on steep slopes in the montane and supramontane belts of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Arunco-Petasition albi Br.-Bl. et Sutter 1977

Synonyms

CS03C (MUL-03C) Senecionion samniti Bonin 1978

Tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-rich alluvia along mountain streams of the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Senecionion samniti Bonin 1978

Synonyms

CS04 (MUL-04) Senecioni rupestris-Rumicetalia alpini Mucina et Karner in Mucina et al. 2016

Tall-herb anthropogenic vegetation on nutrient-rich soils in the upper montane to alpine belts of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Senecioni rupestris-Rumicetalia alpini Mucina et Karner in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

mul08 | Mucina & Karner (1993) invalidly published the name Rumicetalia alpini, because there was no ‘unambiguous reference made to the source of the type alliance – the ‘Rumicion alpini Klika in Klika et Hadač 1944’. Moreover, in Klika & Hadač (1944) an unambiguous reference to the only element (‘Rumicetum alpini carpaticum Szaf.-Pawl.-Kulcz. 1935’) is also missing since the latter authors failed to provide a reference to ‘Szaf.-Pawl.-Kulcz. 1935’; thus, the Rumicion alpini Klika in Klika et Hadač is invalid (ICPN art. 8). In order to avoid further confusion, I coin here a new name – the Senecioni rupestris-Rumicetalia alpini and selected the Rumicion alpini Rübel ex Scharfetter 1938 (Scharfetter 1938: 261–262) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the order. The diagnostic taxa of the Senecioni rupestris-Rumicetalia alpini are: Alchemilla glabra, Cirsium spinosissimum, Gagea fistulosa, Rumex alpinus, Veratrum album subsp. album, V. album subsp. lobelianum, Verbascum longifolium. (L. Mucina).

CS04A (MUL-04A) Rumicion alpini Scharfetter 1938

Tall-herb anthropogenic vegetation on nutrient-rich soils in the upper montane to alpine belts of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumicion alpini Scharfetter 1938

Synonyms

CS05 (MUL-05) Epilobio lactiflori-Geranietalia sylvatici Michl et al. 2010

Tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-rich soils in the montane to alpine belts of Fennoscandia, the Arctic Ocean islands and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Epilobio lactiflori-Geranietalia sylvatici Michl et al. 2010

Synonyms

CS05A (MUL-05A) Mulgedion alpini Nordhagen 1943

Tall-herb vegetation on nutrient-rich soils in the montane to alpine belts of Fennoscandia and the Arctic Ocean islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Mulgedion alpini Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

CS06 (MUL-06) Schulzio crinitae-Aquilegietalia glandulosae Ermakov et al. 2000

Tall-forb vegetation on moist, seasonally frozen soils at high altitudes in the boreal zone of the Northern Urals and in the subarctic zone of northwestern Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Schulzio crinitae-Aquilegietalia glandulosae Ermakov et al. 2000

Synonyms

CS06A (MUL-06A) Polemonio acutiflori-Veratrion lobeliani Telyatnikov et Prystyazhnyuk 2012

Tall-forb vegetation on moist, seasonally frozen soils of the subarctic foothills of the European part of the Northern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polemonio acutiflori-Veratrion lobeliani Telyatnikov 2012

Synonyms

CS07 (MUL-07) Trollio-Crepidetalia sibiricae Guinochet ex Chytrý et al. 1993

Tall-forb vegetation on fertile soils in the montane to subalpine belts in the boreal zone of the Urals and Siberia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trollio-Crepidetalia sibiricae Guinochet ex Chytrý et al. 1993

Synonyms

CS07A (MUL-07A) Triseto sibirici-Aconition septentrionalis Ermakov et al. 2000

Tall-forb vegetation on fertile soils in the montane to subalpine belts in the boreal zone of the Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Triseto sibirici-Aconition septentrionalis Ermakov et al. 2000

Synonyms

CT (TRI) Juncetea trifidi Hadač in Klika et Hadač 1944

Acidophilous grasslands in the alpine belt of the nemoral zone of Europe, the Caucasus and in the boreo-arctic and arctic zones of Northern Europe and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juncetea trifidi Hadač in Klika et Hadač 1944

Synonyms

Remark

tri01 | The protologue of the class is based on syntaxa nowadays included into several classes, such as the Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea, Thlaspietea rotundifolii and Salicetea herbaceae. The proposal to reject the name of this class as a nomen ambiguum was presented in Grabherr & Mucina (1993: 344; see also Theurillat 1997 and Kliment & Valachovič 2007: 326). (L. Mucina) Some authors of this paper (M. Chytrý, L. Mucina) do not consider the latter proposal qualifying this name as a nomen ambiguum as justified because it has probably never been applied in a false sense that would exclude elements of the original diagnosis.

CT01 (TRI-01) Juncetalia trifidi Daniëls 1994

Arctic and boreo-arctic rush swards on siliceous substrates of Northern Europe, Svalbard, Iceland, Greenland and as glacial relict at high altitudes of the Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juncetalia trifidi Daniëls 1994

Synonyms

CT01A (TRI-01A) Carici-Juncion trifidi Nordhagen 1943

Arctic and boreo-arctic rush swards on siliceous substrates of Scandinavia, Svalbard and Iceland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici-Juncion trifidi Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

CT01B (TRI-01B) Nardo-Caricion rigidae Nordhagen 1943

Moderately chionophilous siliceous mat-grass swards of Scandinavia and as relicts in the Hercynian mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardo-Caricion rigidae Nordhagen 1943

Synonyms

Remark

tri03 | This alliance should be classified within the Salicetalia herbaceae. (F. Daniëls) Koroleva (1999) has, however, documented a stark difference between the Nardo-Caricion bigelowii and Cassiopo-Salicion herbaceae. (L. Mucina).

CT01C (TRI-01C) Cladonio-Viscarion alpinae Daniëls 1982

Moderately chionophilous siliceous graminoid-lichen grasslands on niveo-aeolian soils of the Low Arctic regions of Scandinavia and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cladonio-Viscarion alpinae Daniëls 1982

Synonyms

CT01D (TRI-01D) Lagotido uralensis-Caricion ensifoliae Chytrý et Mucina in Chytrý et al. 2015

Silicicolous alpine grasslands of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lagotido uralensis-Caricion ensifoliae Chytrý et Mucina in Chytrý et al. 2015

Synonyms

CT02 (TRI-02) Caricetalia curvulae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Alpine and subalpine silicicolous swards of the mountain ranges in the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caricetalia curvulae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Synonyms

CT02A (TRI-02A) Caricion curvulae Br.-Bl. 1925

Alpine sedge swards on siliceous substrates of the Alps, and the Eastern and Southern Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caricion curvulae Br.-Bl. 1925

Synonyms

CT02B (TRI-02B) Juncion trifidi Krajina 1933

Alpine rush swards on siliceous substrates of the Western Carpathians and the northern ranges of the Eastern Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juncion trifidi Krajina 1933

Synonyms

CT02C (TRI-02C) Festucion supinae Br.-Bl. 1948

Alpine chionophobous tussock grasslands on cryoturbated siliceous substrates of the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion supinae Br.-Bl. 1948

Synonyms

CT02D (TRI-02D) Anemonion speciosae Minaeva ex Onipchenko 2002

Alpine swards on siliceous substrates of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anemonion speciosae Minaeva ex Onipchenko 2002

Synonyms

CT03 (TRI-03) Festucetalia spadiceae Barbero 1970

Subalpine and alpine acidophilous species-rich grasslands of the Alps, the Carpathians and the Northern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucetalia spadiceae Barbero 1970

Synonyms

CT03A (TRI-03A) Carici macrostylae-Nardion (Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984) de Foucault 1994

Mat-grass chionophilous swards at high altitudes of the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici macrostylidi-Nardion (Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984) de Foucault 1994

Synonyms

CT03B (TRI-03B) Nardion strictae Br.-Bl. 1926

Mat-grass chionophilous swards in the subalpine and alpine belts of the Alps, the Carpathians and the Northern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nardion strictae Br.-Bl. 1926

Synonyms

Remark

tri06 | Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 303) prefer classifying this unit within the Nardetalia. (L. Mucina).

CT03C (TRI-03C) Potentillo ternatae-Nardion Simon 1958

Oligotrophic mat-grass swards of mountain ranges of the southern and central regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Potentillo ternatae-Nardion Simon 1958

Synonyms

CT03D (TRI-03D) Festucion variae Br.-Bl. ex Guinochet 1938

Tussock grasslands on decalcified soils at high altitudes of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion variae Br.-Bl. ex Guinochet 1938

Synonyms

Remark

tri07 | The name 'Festucion variae J. Braun-Blanquet 1926' was validly published in Guinochet (1938) who also validly published two associations in the original diagnosis, such as the 'association à Festuca spadicea et Centaurea uniflora J. Braun-Blanquet 1926 nomen nudum M. Guinochet' and the 'association à Festuca varia subsp. eu-varia var. scabriculmis et Potentilla valderia M. Guinochet nov. ass.'. (J.-P. Theurillat).

CT03E (TRI-03E) Agrostion schraderianae Grabherr 1993

Open grasslands of disturbed avalanche tracks in the subalpine and alpine belts of the Eastern Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostion schraderianae Grabherr 1993

Synonyms

CT03F (TRI-03F) Festucion eskiae Br.-Bl. 1948

Subalpine chionophilous tussock grasslands on decalcified oligotrophic substrates of the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion eskiae Br.-Bl. 1948

Synonyms

CT04 (TRI-04) Gentianello columnae-Festucetalia italicae Di Pietro, Terzi et Fortini 2017

Subalpine and alpine acidophilous and chionophilous grasslands on leached soils of gullies and snow-beds, and on acidic nutrient-poor leached soils over calcareous and siliceous bedrocks the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Gentianello columnae-Festucetalia italicae Di Pietro, Terzi, Fortini ined.

Synonyms

CT04A (TRI-04A) Festuco italicae-Nardion strictae Di Pietro, Terzi et Fortini ined.

Acidophilous chionophilous mat-grass swards on calcareous and siliceous substrates of the subalpine and alpine belts of the Central Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco italicae-Nardion strictae Di Pietro, Terzi et Fortini ined.

Synonyms

CT04B (TRI-04B) Ranunculo-Nardion strictae Bonin 1972

Acidophilous mat-grass chionophilous swards on leached calcareous substrates in the subalpine belt of the Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ranunculo-Nardion strictae Bonin 1972

Synonyms

CT05 (TRI-05) Festucetalia woronowii Tsepkova 1987

Alpine acidophilous species-rich grasslands of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucetalia woronowii Tsepkova 1987

Synonyms

CT05A (TRI-05A) Festucion woronowii Tsepkova 1987

Alpine acidophilous species-rich grasslands of the Caucasus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion woronowii Tsepkova 1987

Synonyms

CT06 (TRI-06) Udo-Nardetalia Quézel 1953

Relict supra- to cryomediterranean mat-grass swards of the Iberian Peninsula and North African Atlas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Udo-Nardetalia Quézel 1953

Synonyms

Remark

tri12 | The inclusion of the oro-cryomediterranean zonal mat-grass communities occurring in the Sierra Nevada (e.g. Quézel 1953) and North African Atlas mountains as a suborder (Campanulo herminii-Nardenalia Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986) within the Nardetalia strictae Preising 1950 (described to accommodate secondary and intensively grazed mat-grasslands of medium and low altitudes of Western and Central Europe) lacks convincing reasoning. The supra- to cryomediterranean Betic-African, endemic-rich mat grasslands are known as the Udo-Nardetalia (Quézel 1953, 1964; Krahulec 1985) and as such are of relict character and rich in endemics. They can also be considered as a biogeographic analogon of the Trifolietalia parnassi (Trifolio anatolicae-Polygonetea arenastri) known from the Hellenic mainland and from Anatolia. The classification of this order within the Festucetea indigestae (and redefinition of the latter as the geographic analogue of the Juncetea trifidi) is worth investigation. (L. Mucina) Contrary to the opinion of de Foucault (2012), the name Udo-Nardetalia is not illegitimate according to ICPN art. 34. Indeed, 'udo' is an ecological prefix (IPCN art. 12) based on the Latin word 'udus', which means 'saturated with water, humid, wet'. The name Udo-Nardetalia was coined for wet meadows dominated by Nardus stricta in the 'pozzines complex' − a perfectly fitting term, coined by de Litardière for Corsica according to Quézel (1953: 49). (J.-P. Theurillat).

CT06A (TRI-06A) Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Mart. 1964

Relict supra-oromediterranean mat-grass swards of the mountain ranges of the Central and Western Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Campanulo herminii-Nardion strictae Rivas-Mart. 1964

Synonyms

CT06B (TRI-06B) Plantaginion thalackeri Quézel 1953

Relict oro-cryomediterranean hygrophilous and chionophilous mat-grass swards of the Sierra Nevada (Southern Iberian Peninsula)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantaginion thalackeri Quézel 1953

Synonyms

CT07 (TRI-07) Seslerietalia comosae Simon 1958

Alpine and subalpine silicicolous grasslands of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerietalia comosae Simon 1958

Synonyms

CT07A (TRI-07A) Poion violaceae Horvat et al. 1937

Alpine and subalpine silicicolous grasslands on deep acidic soils in wind-sheltered habitats of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poion violaceae Horvat et al. 1937

Synonyms

Remark

tri14 | In the protologue of this alliance Horvat et al. (1937: 174, see footnote) suggested that this alliance was earlier described as the 'Festuceto-Poion violaceae' however these authors suggested a simplified name − the 'Poion violaceae'. However, the Festuco-Poion violaceae was invalidly described in Horvat (1937) and therefore the introduction of a nomen novum (ICPN art. 29) does not apply in this case. On the other hand, the Poion violaceae was clearly validly described by Horvat et al. (1937) since the only association (Festucetum validae Horvat et al. 1937) classified within the this alliance was a syntaxonomic concept carrying a valid name. (L. Mucina).

CT07B (TRI-07B) Seslerion comosae Horvat et al. 1937

Alpine and subalpine silicicolous grasslands on deep acidic soils in wind-exposed habitats of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion comosae Horvat et al. 1937

Synonyms

CT07C (TRI-07C) Campanulion albanicae Lakušić 1966

Subalpine grasslands on slightly acidic soils of Montenegro and Kosovo

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Campanulion albanicae Lakušić 1966

Synonyms

CU (SES) Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948

Alpine and subalpine calcicolous swards of the nemoral mountain ranges of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948

Synonyms

CU01 (SES-01) Seslerietalia caeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Alpine and subalpine calcicolous grasslands of the nemoral mountain ranges of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerietalia caeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Synonyms

CU01A (SES-01A) Seslerion caeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Supramontane to alpine calcicolous subxerophilous blue-grass swards of the Central and Eastern Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion caeruleae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926

Synonyms

CU01B (SES-01B) Caricion austroalpinae Sutter 1962

Supramontane to alpine calcicolous subxerophilous swards of the Southern Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caricion austroalpinae Sutter 1962

Synonyms

CU01C (SES-01C) Caricion ferrugineae G. Br.-Bl. et Br.-Bl. in G. Br.-Bl. 1931

Supramontane to alpine calcicolous meso-hygrophilous sedge swards of the Alps and the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caricion ferrugineae G. Br.-Bl. et Br.-Bl. in G. Br.-Bl. 1931

Synonyms

CU01D (SES-01D) Caricion firmae Gams 1936

Wind-exposed calcicolous sedge swards in the alpine belt of the Alps and the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caricion firmae Gams 1936

Synonyms

CU01E (SES-01E) Astero alpini-Seslerion calcariae Hadač in Hadač et al. 1969 nom. invers. propos.

Alpine and subalpine calcicolous subxeric blue-grass swards of the Western Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astero alpini-Seslerion calcariae Hadač in Hadač et al. 1969 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

ses06 | For the proposals published to this effect see Kliment et al. (2005), Kliment & Valachovič (2007: 163) and Jarolímek & Šibík (2008). This suggestion is motivated obviously by the dominant position of Sesleria caerulea (syn. S. calcaria) while Aster alpinus plays only a subordinate role. (L. Mucina).

CU01F (SES-01F) Seslerion tatrae Pawłowski 1935 corr. Klika 1955

Chionophilous calcicolous alpine grasslands of the Western Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion tatrae Pawłowski 1935 corr. Klika 1955

Synonyms

CU01G (SES-01G) Festuco saxatilis-Seslerion bielzii (Pawłowski et Walas 1949) Coldea 1984

Chionophilous calcicolous alpine grasslands of the Southern Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco saxatilis-Seslerion bielzii (Pawłowski et Walas 1949) Coldea 1984

Synonyms

CU01H (SES-01H) Primulion intricatae Br.-Bl. ex Vigo 1972

Chionophilous meso-hygrophilous calcicolous grasslands on nutrient-rich soils in the subalpine and alpine belts of the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Primulion intricatae Br.-Bl. ex Vigo 1972

Synonyms

Remark

ses08 | Peyre & Font (2011) suggested classifying this alliance within the Carici-Kobresietea. (L. Mucina).

CU01I (SES-01I) Armerion cantabricae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Chionophilous subalpine and alpine calcicolous grasslands of the Cantabrian Mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerion cantabricae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Synonyms

CU02 (SES-02) Seslerietalia tenuifoliae Horvat 1930

Montane to alpine calcicolous tussock grasslands of the Northern Balkans and the Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerietalia tenuifoliae Horvat 1930

Synonyms

CU02A (SES-02A) Seslerion tenuifoliae Horvat 1930

Montane and subalpine calcicolous blue-grass tussock grasslands of the Illyrian region and the Northern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion tenuifoliae Horvat 1930

Synonyms

CU02B (SES-02B) Seslerio juncifoliae-Caricion firmae Trinajstić 2005

Alpine calcicolous sedge swards in wind-exposed habitats in the alpine belt of the Illyrian region and the Northern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerio juncifoliae-Caricion firmae Trinajstić 2005

Synonyms

CU02C (SES-02C) Festucion pungentis Horvat 1930

Subalpine calcicolous tussock grasslands on steep terraced slopes of the Northern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion pungentis Horvat 1930

Synonyms

CU02D (SES-02D) Seslerion apenninae Furnari in Bruno et Furnari 1966

Subalpine and alpine calcicolous tussock grasslands in wind-exposed habitats of the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion apenninae Furnari in Bruno et Furnari 1966

Synonyms

CU03 (SES-03) Onobrychido-Seslerietalia Horvat 1960

Alpine and subalpine calcicolous tussock grasslands of the central and southern regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Onobrychido-Seslerietalia Horvat 1960

Synonyms

CU03A (SES-03A) Oxytropidion dinaricae Lakušić 1966

Alpine tussock grasslands on limestone of the southwestern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oxytropidion dinaricae Lakušić 1966

Synonyms

CU03B (SES-03B) Anthyllido-Seslerion klasterskyi Simon 1958

Alpine tussock grasslands on limestone in mountains of the southern and central regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthyllido-Seslerion klasterskyi Simon 1958

Synonyms

CU03C (SES-03C) Seslerio-Festucion xanthinae Horvat in Horvat et al. 1974

Subalpine fescue grasslands on shallow skeletal soils over limestone of Eastern Serbia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerio-Festucion xanthinae Horvat in Horvat et al. 1974

Synonyms

CU03D (SES-03D) Festuco-Knaution longifoliae Jovanović-Dunjić 1955

Subalpine calcareous tussock grasslands on slightly acidic leached soils over limestone of Eastern Serbia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco-Knaution longifoliae Jovanović-Dunjić 1955

Synonyms

CU03E (SES-03E) Festucion xanthinae Lakušić et al. 1969

Subalpine fescue grasslands on slightly acidic leached soils over limestone of the southwestern Dinarides

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion xanthinae Lakušić et al. 1969

Synonyms

CU03F (SES-03F) Seslerion nitidae Horvat 1936

Subalpine calcicolous tussock grasslands of the Southern and Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion nitidae Horvat 1936

Synonyms

DA (FES) Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Soó 1947

Dry grassland and steppe vegetation of mostly base- and colloid-rich soils in the submediterranean, nemoral and hemiboreal zones of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Soó 1947

Synonyms

Remark

fes01 | The Festuco-Brometea is the class of zonal steppe vegetation of Southern Ukraine and Russia. In Central, Southern and Western Europe it is represented by extrazonal communities in relict habitats or (more often) as secondary grasslands (mainly pastures) on soils prone to desiccation or quick water drainage. (L. Mucina).

DA01 (FES-01) Brachypodietalia pinnati Korneck 1974 nom. conserv. propos.

Meso-xerophytic grasslands on deep calcareous soils of Western and Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodietalia pinnati Korneck 1974 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

fes02 | If this name becomes conserved, the names Brometalia erecti Koch 1926 and Brometalia erecti Br.-Bl. 1936 would be formally rejected as nomina ambigua (see Remarks fes03 and fes04). (J. Dengler).

DA01A (FES-01A) Bromion erecti Koch 1926

Meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands of Western Europe and subatlantic Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Bromion erecti Koch 1926

Synonyms

DA01B (FES-01B) Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadač et Klika in Klika et Hadač 1944

Meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands of the subcontinental regions of Central and southeastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadač et Klika in Klika et Hadač 1944

Synonyms

DA01C (FES-01C) Filipendulo vulgaris-Helictotrichion pratensis Dengler et Löbel in Dengler et al. 2003

Meso-xerophilous basiphilous grasslands of alvars of Fennoscandia and the southern seaboards of the Baltic Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Filipendulo vulgaris-Helictotrichion pratensis Dengler et Löbel in Dengler et al. 2003

Synonyms

DA01D (FES-01D) Gentianello amarellae-Helictotrichion pratensis Royer ex Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009

Meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands of northwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Gentianello amarellae-Helictotrichion pratensis Royer ex Dengler in Mucina et al. 2009

Synonyms

DA01E (FES-01E) Potentillo-Brachypodion pinnati Br.-Bl. 1967

Meso-xerophytic neutro-basiphilous grasslands in the montane belt of the Northern Spain mountain ranges and the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Potentillo-Brachypodion pinnati Br.-Bl. 1967

Synonyms

DA01F (FES-01F) Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromion erecti (Biondi et al. 2005) Di Pietro in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Dry grasslands on deep clay-rich soils over flysch bedrocks in the colline to lower montane belts of the Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromion erecti (Biondi et al. 2005) Di Pietro in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

DA01G (FES-01G) Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae Kojić 1959

Dry grasslands on deep soils over siliceous bedrocks in the colline to submontane belts of the Southern and Central Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae Kojić 1959

Synonyms

DA02 (FES-02) Festucetalia valesiacae Soó 1947

Steppes and rocky steppic grasslands on deep soils in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Europe and northwestern Central Asia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucetalia valesiacae Soó 1947

Synonyms

DA02A (FES-02A) Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931 nom. conserv. propos.

Steppe fescue grasslands on deep calcareous soils of subcontinental Central Europe, Romania, Bulgaria and northwestern Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

fes10 | We suggest conserving this name against the older 'Festucion sulcatae Soó 1930' that we suggest for rejection as a nomen ambiguum. (L. Mucina, M. Chytrý).

DA02B (FES-02B) Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis Korneck 1974

Steppic silicicolous grasslands of the subatlantic and subcontinental regions of the temperate Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerio-Phleion phleoidis Korneck 1974

Synonyms

DA02C (FES-02C) Stipion lessingianae Soó 1947

Dry feather-grass and fescue steppes on deep soils of Transylvania, Moldova and southwestern Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipion lessingianae Soó 1947

Synonyms

DA02D (FES-02D) Centaureo carbonatae-Koelerion talievii Romashchenko et al. 1996

Steppe fescue grasslands on deep calcareous soils of continental northeastern Ukraine and adjacent Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Centaureo carbonatae-Koelerion talievii Romashchenko et al. 1996

Synonyms

DA02E (FES-02E) Adonido vernalis-Stipion tirsae Didukh in Didukh et Mucina 2014

Steppic dwarf-scrub grasslands at low altitudes of Eastern Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Adonido vernalis-Stipion tirsae Didukh in Didukh et Mucina 2014

Synonyms

DA02F (FES-02F) Veronico multifidae-Stipion ponticae Didukh in Didukh et Mucina 2014

Steppic dwarf-scrub rich grasslands of the northern piedmonts of the mountain ranges of southeastern and central regions of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Veronico multifidae-Stipion ponticae Didukh in Didukh et Mucina 2014

Synonyms

DA02G (FES-02G) Artemisio tauricae-Festucion Korzhenevsky et Klyukin 1991

Steppes on clayey volcanic sediments of Southern Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio tauricae-Festucion Korzhenevsky et Klyukin 1991

Synonyms

DA02H (FES-02H) Agropyrion pectinati Golub et Uzhametskaya 2016 nom. inval. (5a, 17)

Subsaline steppic grasslands of the Middle Volga region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agropyrion pectinati Golub et Uzhametskaya 1991

Synonyms

DA02I (FES-02I) Artemisio-Kochion Soó 1964

Relict tardiglacial xerophytic loess steppes of the Pannonian region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio-Kochion Soó 1964

Synonyms

Remark

fes12 | This alliance would perhaps be better placed in the Agropyretalia intermedio-repentis. (K. Dierssen).

DA02J (FES-02J) Stipo-Poion xerophilae Br.-Bl. et Richard 1950

Relict tardiglacial xerophytic fescue and feather steppic rocky grasslands of deep intramontane valleys of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipo-Poion xerophilae Br.-Bl. et Richard 1950

Synonyms

DA03 (FES-03) Helictotricho desertorum-Stipetalia Toman 1969

Continental subxeric temperate grasslands in the steppe zone of the Volga River valley, the Southern Urals and Northern Kazakhstan

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helictotricho desertorum-Stipetalia Toman 1969

Synonyms

DA03A (FES-03A) Helictotricho desertorum-Stipion rubentis Toman 1969

Continental subxeric steppes of Northern Kazakhstan and the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helictotricho desertorum-Stipion rubentis Toman 1969

Synonyms

DA03B (FES-03B) Scorzonero austriacae-Koelerion sclerophyllae Solomeshch et al. 1994

Dry steppes on shallow rocky soils on steep slopes in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scorzonero austriacae-Koelerion sclerophyllae Solomeshch et al. 1994

Synonyms

DA03C (FES-03C) Lathyro pallescentis-Helictotrichion schelliani Solomeshch et al. 1994

Mesic steppes on fertile deep soils on gentle slopes in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lathyro pallescentis-Helictotrichion schelliani Solomeshch et al. 1994

Synonyms

DA03D (FES-03D) Aconogonion alpini Yamalov et al. 2009 nom. inval.

Extrazonal insular steppes in the boreal forest zone at higher altitudes of the Southern Urals

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aconopogonion alpini Yamalov et al. 2009 nom. inval.

Synonyms

DA03E (FES-03E) Centaureion sumensis Golub et al. 1995

Continental relict rocky steppes of the Middle Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Centaureion sumensis Golub et al. 1995

Synonyms

DA04 (FES-04) Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipetalia lessingianae Lysenko et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Continental temperate dry steppe grasslands of the semi-desert transitional zone of the Don, Lower Volga and Ural River valleys and Northern Kazakhstan

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipetalia lessingianae Lysenko et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

fes13 | So far, the Eurasian continental steppes were classified within two orders, the Festucetalia valesiacae and the Helictotricho-Stipetalia. The dry steppes showing transitional character towards semi-desert vegetation of southwestern Europe and Northern Kazakhstan remained a syntaxonomic problem until Royer (1991: 29−31) described Tanaceto-Stipenalia lessingianae nom. inval. (suborder) and classified this syntaxon within the Helictoticho-Stipetalia Toman 1969. We consider this vegetation (based on our preliminary syntaxonomic synthesis – Lysenko & Mucina, in prep.) as vegetation deserving the rank of an order that we describe here formally by designating the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae (see Remark fes14 below) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the new order. Diagnostic species of the new order are: Artemisia lerchiana, A. santonica, Bassia prostrata, Koeleria macrantha, Stipa korshinskyi, S. lessingiana, S. sareptana, Tanacetum achilleifolium and T. santolina. (T. Lysenko, L. Mucina).

DA04A (FES-04A) Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae Royer ex Lysenko et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Continental temperate dry steppe grasslands of the transitional steppe to desert zone of the Don, Volga and Ural River valleys

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae Royer ex Lysenko et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

fes14 | Herein we validate the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae invalidly described by Royer (1991: 29−31, 189). This alliance comprises continental temperate steppe grasslands of the transitional region spanning dry steppe and semi-desert subzones in the Don, Volga and Ural River basins. This alliance is conceptually identical with the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Artemision santonicae, invalidly described by O. Demina (Demina et al. 2012: 77; Demina 2015: 172). The syntaxonomic revision of the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae is in progress (Lysenko & Mucina, in prep.). The diagnostic species of the alliance are: Galatella tatarica, Stipa lessingiana, Stipa sareptana, Tanacetum achilleifolium and T. santolina. We describe a new association, the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae association, the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipetum lessingianae Lysenko et Kalmykova ass. nov. hoc loco and present the following holotypus (hoc loco) of the new association that will be handled in detail at a later stage. Russian Federation, Saratov Region, Voskresensk district, outskirts of Slavyanka, sampled area: 100 m2, vegetation cover: 80 %; 8 July 2005; relevé made by T. Lysenko: Stipa lessingiana 4, Achillea nobilis 2, Elytrigia repens 2, Galatella villosa 2, Stipa capillata 2, Allium flavescens 1, Artemisia austriaca 1, A. nitrosa 1, Bassia prostrata 1, Falcaria vulgaris 1, Gypsophila muralis 1, Pastinaca sativa 1, Potentilla argentea 1, Silene chlorantha 1, Tanacetum achilleifolium 1, Dianthus borbasii +, Ferula tatarica +, Galium verum +, Medicago falcata +, Spiraea hypericifolia +, Trinia multicaulis +. This association is holotypus (hoc loco) of the Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae. (T. Lysenko, L. Mucina).

DA04B (FES-04B) Stipion korshinskyi Toman 1969

Continental temperate dry steppe grasslands of the semi-desert zone of northwestern Kazakhstan and the neighbouring regions of Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipion korshinskyi Toman 1969

Synonyms

DA04C (FES-04C) Caricion stenophyllae Golub et Saveleva 1991

Continental temperate subsaline steppe grasslands around lakes in the semi-desert zone of the Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Caricion stenophyllae Golub et Saveleva 1991

Synonyms

DA05 (FES-05) Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis Pop 1968 nom. conserv. propos.

Xerophilous open steppic grasslands on shallow rocky calcareous and siliceous substrates of Central and southeastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis Pop 1968 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

fes15 | I suggest to conserve the name Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis Pop 196 against validly published Seslerietalia rigidae Gergely 1967 because the latter name has been in use only in Romania literature, while the former has been widely (and more frequently) use in many countries of Cenral and Eastern Europe. (L. Mucina).

DA05A (FES-05A) Alysso-Festucion pallentis Moravec in Holub et al. 1967

Xerophilous steppic grasslands on shallow soils over siliceous and ultramafic rocks as well as Silurian limestones of the Hercynicum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alysso-Festucion pallentis Moravec in Holub et al. 1967

Synonyms

DA05B (FES-05B) Asplenio-Festucion pallentis Zólyomi 1936 corr. 1966

Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands on shallow soils over siliceous and ultramafic rocks of the Eastern Alps and northern fringes of the Pannonian Basin

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Asplenio-Festucion pallentis Zólyomi 1936 corr. 1966

Synonyms

DA05C (FES-05C) Bromo pannonici-Festucion csikhegyensis Zólyomi 1966 corr. Mucina in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of the northern fringes of the Pannonian Basin and the Ukrainian Podolya

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Bromo pannonici-Festucion csikhegyensis Zólyomi 1966 corr. Mucina in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

Remark

fes17 | This alliance is typified by the Seselio leucospermi-Festucetum glaucae Zólyomi 1936 corr. 1966 (see Mucina & Kolbek 1993a), described from Northern Hungarian colline dolomite landscapes. The latest taxonomic studies of the genus Festuca (Šmarda et al. 2007) suggest that the tetrapoid 'Festuca pallens' in this region is actually Festuca csikhegyensis Simonk., a taxonomically different concept from the diploid F. pallens Host. This fact underpins the necessity of the name correction as presented in Di Pietro et al. (2015). (L. Mucina).

DA05D (FES-05D) Chrysopogono-Festucion dalmaticae Borhidi 1996

Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of the southern fringes of the Pannonian Basin

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chrysopogono-Festucion dalmaticae Borhidi 1996

Synonyms

DA05E (FES-05E) Saturejion montanae Horvat in Horvat et al. 1974

Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of the Northern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saturejion montanae Horvat in Horvat et al. 1974

Synonyms

DA05F (FES-05F) Pimpinello-Thymion zygoidis Dihoru et Doniţa 1970

Xerophilous rocky steppic dwarf-shrub rich grasslands on steep calcareous slopes of Dobrogea and northeastern Bulgaria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pimpinello-Thymion zygoidi Dihoru et Doniţa 1970

Synonyms

DA05G (FES-05G) Potentillo arenariae-Linion czerniaevii Krasova et Smetana 1999

Xerophilous rocky steppic species-rich grasslands on limestone outcrops of Southern Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Potentillo arenariae-Linion czerniaevii Krasova et Smetana 1999

Synonyms

DA05H (FES-05H) Androsaco tauricae-Caricion humilis Didukh in Mucina et Didukh 2014

Xerophilous rocky steppic grasslands in the submontane and montane belts of Eastern Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Androsaco tauricae-Caricion humilis Didukh in Mucina et Didukh 2014

Synonyms

DA05I (FES-05I) Diantho lumnitzeri-Seslerion (Soó 1971) Chytrý et Mucina in Mucina et Kolbek 1993

Dealpine relict xerophilous steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of southeastern Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Diantho lumnitzeri-Seslerion (Soó 1971) Chytrý et Mucina in Mucina et Kolbek 1993

Synonyms

DA05J (FES-05J) Seslerion rigidae Zólyomi 1936

Dealpine relict xerophilous steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of the Eastern Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerion rigidae Zólyomi 1936

Synonyms

DA06 (FES-06) Thymo cretacei-Hyssopetalia cretacei Didukh 1989

Xerophilous rocky dwarf-shrub rich steppic grasslands on chalk outcrops of the southwestern Central Russian Upland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thymo cretacei-Hyssopetalia cretacei Didukh 1989

Synonyms

DA06A (FES-06A) Artemisio hololeucae-Hyssopion cretacei Romashchenko et al. 1996

Xerophilous rocky dwarf-shrub rich steppic grasslands on steep eroding chalk outcrops of the southern regions of the Central Russian Upland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio hololeucae-Hyssopion cretacei Romashchenko et al. 1996

Synonyms

DA06B (FES-06B) Euphorbio cretophilae-Thymion cretacei Didukh 1989

Xerophilous rocky dwarf-shrub rich steppic grasslands rich on chalk outcrops of the southern regions of the Siverskii Donets River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbio cretophilae-Thymion cretacei Didukh 1989

Synonyms

DA07 (FES-07) Brachypodietalia phoenicoidis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Submediterranean steppic grasslands on deep basic to neutral-acidophilous mesic soils of precipitation-rich regions of southwestern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodietalia phoenicoidis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Synonyms

Remark

fes22 | Bardat et al. (2004) classified this order in the 'Thero-Brachypodietea ramosi'. (L. Mucina) According to Royer (1991: 16) this order belongs to the 'Thero-Brachypodietea' because it is only weakly linked to the Festuco-Brometea. Julve (1993), on the other hand, suggested the classification of this order within the Dactylido hispanicae-Brachypodietea retusi. (J.-P. Theurillat).

DA07A (FES-07A) Brachypodion phoenicoidis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Submediterranean steppic grasslands on deep mesic soils of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodion phoenicoidis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Synonyms

DA07B (FES-07B) Artemisio albae-Dichanthion ischaemi X. Font ex Rivas-Mart. et M.L. López in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Submediterranean submontane and montane acidophilous steppic grasslands of the piedmonts and intramontane valleys of the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio albae-Dichanthion ischaemi X. Font ex Rivas-Mart. et M.L. López in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

Remark

fes23 | The Artemisio-Dichantion should be classified within the Artemisio-Brometalia (where, in the future, it might be reduced to synonymy). (J. Dengler).

DA07C (FES-07C) Diplachnion serotinae Br.-Bl. 1961

Submediterranean colline-submontane acidophilous xeric grasslands of the precipitation-rich southern rims of the Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Diplachnion serotinae Br.-Bl. 1961

Synonyms

DA08 (FES-08) Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi ex Dengler et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2009

Xerophytic basiphilous open grasslands of subatlantic and submediterranean Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio albae-Brometalia erecti Ubaldi ex Dengler et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2009

Synonyms

DA08A (FES-08A) Xerobromion erecti Zoller 1954

Meso-xerophytic basiphilous open grasslands of southwestern Central Europe and France

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Xerobromion erecti Zoller 1954

Synonyms

DA08B (FES-08B) Festuco-Bromion Barbero et Loisel 1971

Meso-xerophytic basiphilous open grasslands of the submediterranean regions of Provence and Liguria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco-Bromion Barbero et Loisel 1971

Synonyms

DA09 (FES-09) Scorzoneretalia villosae Kovačević 1959

Amphiadriatic dry steppic submediterranean pastures of the Prealpine, Illyrian and Dinaric regions

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scorzoneretalia villosae Kovačević 1959

Synonyms

DA09A (FES-09A) Chrysopogono grylli-Koelerion splendentis Horvatić 1973

Illyrian submediterranean rocky grasslands on shallow calcareous soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chrysopogono grylli-Koelerion splendentis Horvatić 1973

Synonyms

DA09B (FES-09B) Saturejion subspicatae Tomić-Stanković 1970

Dinaric submediterranean montane calcareous rocky grasslands on shallow soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saturejion subspicatae Tomić-Stanković 1970

Synonyms

DA09C (FES-09C) Centaureion dichroanthae Pignatti 1952

Prealpic submediterranean montane calcareous rocky grasslands on shallow soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Centaureion dichroanthae Pignatti 1952

Synonyms

DA09D (FES-09D) Scorzonerion villosae Horvatić ex Kovačević 1959

Prealpic and Illyrian meso-xerophytic submediterranean grasslands on deep and partly decalcified soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scorzonerion villosae Horvatić ex Kovačević 1959

Synonyms

DA09E (FES-09E) Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae Forte et Terzi in Forte et al. 2005

Submediterranean xeric pastures on rocky calcareous soils of Apulia (Southern Italy)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae Forte et Terzi in Forte et al. 2005

Synonyms

DA10 (FES-10) Astragalo onobrychidis-Potentilletalia Micevski 1971

Dry submediterranean montane steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of the Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astragalo onobrychidis-Potentilletalia Micevski 1971

Synonyms

DA10A (FES-10A) Saturejo-Thymion Micevski 1971

Dry submediterranean montane steppic grasslands on calcareous substrates of the Southern Balkans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saturejo-Thymion Micevski 1971

Synonyms

DA11 (FES-11) Halacsyetalia sendtneri Ritter-Studnička 1970

Ultramafic and silicicolous xeric rocky grasslands in the submontane to supramontane belts of the continental regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Halacsyetalia sendtneri Ritter-Studnička 1970

Synonyms

Remark

fes24 | J. Dengler considers this order as weakly separated and heterogeneous.

DA11A (FES-11A) Polygonion albanicae Ritter-Studnička 1970

Ultramafic xeric rocky grasslands of Bosnia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polygonion albanicae Ritter-Studnička 1970

Synonyms

Remark

fes25 | The separation of the central and eastern Bosnian ultramafic rocky steppic grasslands into two validly described alliances (Polygonion albanicae and Potentillion visianii) is not supported by Ritter-Studnička's (1970) own data. We prefer to unite these two concepts and choose the name Polygonion albanici for the united concept since this name has already been used, for instance by Jovanović et al. (1986: 33). (L. Mucina, A. Čarni).

DA11B (FES-11B) Centaureo-Bromion fibrosi Blečić et al. 1969

Ultramafic xeric rocky grasslands of Kosovo, Serbia, Northern Macedonia and Albania

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Centaureo-Bromion fibrosi Blečić et al. 1969

Synonyms

DA11C (FES-11C) Alyssion heldreichii Bergmeier et al. 2009

Ultramafic xeric rocky grasslands of Northern Hellas and Southern Macedonia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alyssion heldreichii Bergmeier et al. 2009

Synonyms

DB (FEP) Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Vicherek 1973

Saline steppes and secondary saline steppic grasslands of the continental regions of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Vicherek 1973

Synonyms

Remark

fep01 | The Festuco-Puccinellietea in our system comprises two groups of orders: (1) those characteristic of habitats with hypersaline (mainly solonetz) dry soils (the relict Puccinellietalia and Halo-Agropyretalia steppic Festuco-Limonietalia and the semi-desertic Artemisietalia pauciflorae), and (2) those typical of flooded, moist/wet (mainly solonchak) soils (Scorzonero-Juncetalia, Cirsietalia esculenti and Glycyrrhizetalia). The latter group matches the syntaxonomic concepts of the Scorzonero-Juncetea and Glycyrrhizetea, if we follow selected Russian and Ukrainian authors (Golub 1995 and Solomakha 2008; but see Golub 1997 and Dubyna et al. 2007). (L. Mucina).

DB01 (FEP-01) Puccinellietalia Soó 1947

Meso-xerophytic saline pastures in the subcontinental and submediterranean zones of the southern regions of Central and Southern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Puccinellietalia Soó 1947

Synonyms

DB01A (FEP-01A) Festucion pseudovinae Soó 1933

Pontic-Pannonian saline steppic pastures on solonetz soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion pseudovinae Soó 1933

Synonyms

DB01B (FEP-01B) Peucedano officinalis-Asterion sedifolii Borhidi 1996

Pannonian tall-forb rich subsaline meadows on calcareous loess soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Peucedano officinalis-Asterion sedifolii Borhidi 1996

Synonyms

DB01C (FEP-01C) Puccinellion limosae Soó 1933

Pannonian hypersaline open grasslands on solonetz soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Puccinellion limosae Soó 1933

Synonyms

DB01D (FEP-01D) Puccinellion convolutae Micevski 1965

Macedonian and Northern Aegean relict saline grasslands on edges of inland salt pans

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Puccinellion convolutae Micevski 1965

Synonyms

Remark

fep02 | Golub et al. (2005: 70) attempted to discredit the concept of the Puccinellion convolutae Micevski 1965 by declaring it a nomen dubium. Their arguments are not convincing and therefore the name Plantagini coronopodo-Camphorosmion monspeliacae Golub et Karpov in Golub et al. 2005 remains a nomen superfluum (ICPN art. 29). (L. Mucina).

DB01E (FEP-01E) Puccinellion lagascanae Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa 1976 corr. Alonso et De la Torre 2004

Iberian relict saline grasslands on the edges of continental inland salt marshes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Puccinellion lagascanae Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa 1976 corr. Alonso et De la Torre 2004

Synonyms

Remark

fep03 | The placement of this alliance within the Puccinellietalia is unprecedented and motivated by the shared relict character of the inland salt-pan saline vegetation linked in the pleniglacial to the maximum extent of the steppe vegetation in the Pannonian Basin and other continental regions of Europe, such as Iberian Meseta Central and the Central Balkans. Rivas-Martínez et al. (2001: 201) classified this alliance within the Juncetalia maritimi. (L. Mucina).

DB02 (FEP-02) Halo-Agropyretalia Ferrari et Speranza 1975

Saline vegetation on heavy clayey soils of badlands of the Apennines, the Balkans and Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Halo-Agropyretalia Ferrari et Speranza 1975

Synonyms

Remark

fep05 | This rare and enigmatic vegetation type is associated with exposed and fast-eroding Miocene clayey deposits forming badland landscapes, known in Italy as 'calanchi'. Usually they occur in a complex with remnants of the Mediterranean relict tardiglacial steppes of the Lygeo-Stipetea. This vegetation occurs also in Hellas (for instance in Cephalonia; L. Mucina unpubl. data). We suggest that a new alliance could be coined to accommodate this vegetation in the Eastern Mediterranean. (L. Mucina).

DB02A (FEP-02A) Halo-Artemision Pignatti 1953

Apennine saline steppic vegetation on heavy clayey badland soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Halo-Artemision Pignatti 1953

Synonyms

DB02B (FEP-02B) Artemision maritimae Micevski 1970

Macedonian saline steppic vegetation on heavy clayey badland soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemision maritimae Micevski 1970

Synonyms

DB02C (FEP-02C) Atraphaxo-Capparion Korzhenevskii 1992

Crimean seaside vegetation on heavy clayey badland soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Atraphaxo-Capparion Korzhenevskii 1992

Synonyms

Remark

fep06 | Golub et al. (2005) have classified this alliance within the Puccinellio festuciformis-Camphorosmetalia monspeliacae. (L. Mucina).

DB03 (FEP-03) Artemisio santonicae-Limonietalia gmelinii Golub et V. Solomakha 1988

Saline vegetation on clay-rich solonetz-like and solonetz soils in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Southern Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio santonicae-Limonietalia gmelinii Golub et V. Solomakha 1988

Synonyms

DB03A (FEP-03A) Plantagini salsae-Artemision santonici Lysenko et Mucina in Lysenko et al. 2011

Saline vegetation in depressions and upper alluvial habitats on solonetz-like soils in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantagini salsae-Artemision santonici Lysenko et Mucina in Lysenko et al. 2011

Synonyms

DB03B (FEP-03B) Limonion sareptani Golub 1994

Saline vegetation around lakes in the semi-desert zone of the Lower Volga valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Limonion sareptani Golub 1994

Synonyms

DB03C (FEP-03C) Limonion tomentelli Agafonov et Golub in Golub 1994

Saline vegetation in shallow saline depressions in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Don River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Limonion tomentelli Agafonov et Golub in Golub 1994

Synonyms

DB03D (FEP-03D) Puccinellion giganteae Dubyna et Neuhäuslová 2000

Saline vegetation on solonchak soils on coastal bars and islands along the Ukrainian Black Sea shores

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Puccinellion giganteae Dubyna et Neuhäuslová 2000

Synonyms

Remark

fep08 | Golub et al. (2003) classified this unit within the Scorzonero-Juncetalia gerardi. (L. Mucina).

DB03E (FEP-03E) Festuco valesiacae-Limonion gmelinii Mirkin in Golub et V. Solomakha 1988

Saline steppes on solonetz soils in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Volga and Ural River valleys

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco valesiacae-Limonion gmelinii Mirkin in Golub et V. Solomakha 1988

Synonyms

Remark

fep09 | The syntaxonomic concept of this alliance is very heterogeneous and deserves revision. (T. Lysenko, L. Mucina).

DB03F (FEP-03F) Diantho guttati-Milion vernalis Umanets et V. Solomakha 1998

Subsaline dry steppes of the Lower Dnipr River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Diantho guttati-Milion vernalis Umanets et V. Solomakha 1998

Synonyms

DB04 (FEP-04) Artemisietalia pauciflorae Golub et Karpov in Golub et al. 2005

Saline desertic steppe vegetation of the semi-desert zone of the northern Caspian seaboards and the Lower Volga valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisietalia pauciflorae Golub et Karpov in Golub et al. 2005

Synonyms

DB04A (FEP-04A) Artemisio pauciflorae-Camphorosmion monspeliacae Karpov 2001

Saline desertic steppe vegetation of the Northern Caspian region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio pauciflorae-Camphorosmion monspeliacae Karpov 2001

Synonyms

DB04B (FEP-04B) Alhagion pseudalhagi Golub et Czorbadze in Golub 1994

Saline desertic steppe vegetation on slopes and terraces around the inland pans of the Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alhagion pseudalhagi Golub et Czorbadze in Golub 1994

Synonyms

DB05 (FEP-05) Scorzonero-Juncetalia gerardi Vicherek 1973

Wet subsaline meadows and pastures of the Pannonian and Sarmatian regions of Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scorzonero-Juncetalia gerardi Vicherek 1973

Synonyms

DB05A (FEP-05A) Juncion gerardi Wendelberger 1943

Wet subsaline regularly inundated meadows and pastures of southeastern Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juncion gerardi Wendelberger 1943

Synonyms

DB05B (FEP-05B) Beckmannion eruciformis Soó 1933

Wet subsaline regularly inundated meadows on heavy clayey soils of the Pannonian Basin

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Beckmannion eruciformis Soó 1933

Synonyms

DB05C (FEP-05C) Carici dilutae-Juncion gerardii Lysenko et Mucina 2015

Wet subsaline grasslands in the forest-steppe zone of Southern Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici dilutae-Juncion gerardi Lysenko et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

DB05D (FEP-05D) Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannion eruciformis Mirkin in Barabash et al. 1989

Wet subsaline regularly inundated meadows on heavy clayey soils in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostio stoloniferae-Beckmannion eruciformis Mirkin in Barabash et al. 1989

Synonyms

DB05E (FEP-05E) Cirsion esculenti Golub 1994

Wet subsaline pastures in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Russia, Southern Siberia and Eastern Kazakhstan

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cirsion esculenti Golub 1994

Synonyms

DB06 (FEP-06) Glycyrrhizetalia glabrae Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Moist subsaline alluvial meadows and herbfields in the steppe and semi-desert zones of the Don, Ural and Volga River valleys

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Glycyrrhizetalia glabrae Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Synonyms

DB06A (FEP-06A) Glycyrrhizion echinatae Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1995

Moist subsaline alluvial meadows in the steppe zone of the Lower Don River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Glycyrrhizion echinatae Golub et Saveleva in Golub 1995

Synonyms

DB06B (FEP-06B) Glycyrrhizion korshinskyi Lysenko 2010

Moist subsaline alluvial meadows in the steppe zone of the Volga and Ural River valleys

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Glycyrrhizion korshinskyi Lysenko 2010

Synonyms

DB06C (FEP-06C) Glycyrrhizion glabrae Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Moist subsaline alluvial meadows in the semi-desert zone of the Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Glycyrrhizion glabrae Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Synonyms

DC (CRY) Crypsietea aculeatae Vicherek 1973

Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically flooded saline habitats of submediterranean and (sub)continental Eurasia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crypsietea aculeatae Vicherek 1973

Synonyms

Remark

cry01 | Ecological and partly also floristic similarities of these communities to the Thero-Salicornietea have lead Rodwell et al. (2002) to include this syntaxon into that class. (L. Mucina) E. Bergmeier prefers to handle this syntaxon as part of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Jarolímek & Šibík (2008) suggested considering this concept as part of the Festuco-Puccinellietea. (L. Mucina).

DC01 (CRY-01) Crypsietalia aculeatae Vicherek 1973

Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically flooded saline habitats of submediterranean and (sub)continental Eurasia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crypsietalia aculeatae Vicherek 1973

Synonyms

DC01A (CRY-01A) Cypero-Spergularion salinae Slavnić 1948

Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically flooded saline habitats of subcontinental Central and Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cypero-Spergularion salinae Slavnić 1948

Synonyms

DC01B (CRY-01B) Heleochloion schoenoidis Br.-Bl. ex Rivas Goday 1956

Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically flooded saline habitats in the (sub)mediterranean regions of Southern Europe and North Africa

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Heleochloion schoenoidis Br.-Bl. ex Rivas Goday 1956

Synonyms

Remark

cry02 | Rivas-Martínez et al. (1999: 368) considered this concept as an alliance in its own right. (L. Mucina).

DC01C (CRY-01C) Lepidion latifolii Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Pioneer ephemeral dwarf-grass vegetation in periodically flooded saline habitats of continental Eastern Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lepidion latifolii Golub et Mirkin in Golub 1995

Synonyms

EA (LER) Artemisietea lerchianae Golub 1994

Aralo-Caspian semi-desert vegetation

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisietea lerchianae Golub 1994

Synonyms

EA01 (LER-01) Artemisietalia lerchianae Golub 1994

Caspian semi-desert vegetation on subsaline loamy and saline soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisietalia lerchianae Golub 1994

Synonyms

EA01A (LER-01A) Artemision lerchianae Golub 1994

Caspian subsaline semi-desert vegetation on loamy soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemision lerchianae Golub 1994

Synonyms

EA01B (LER-01B) Anabasio aphyllae-Artemision pauciflorae Lysenko in Lysenko et Mucina 2015

Caspian saline semi-deserts on solonetz soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anabasio aphyllae-Artemision pauciflorae Lysenko in Lysenko et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

EA02 (LER-02) Artemisietalia tschernievianae Golub 1994

Caspian desert vegetation on stabilised sandy dunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisietalia tschernievianae Golub 1994

Synonyms

EA02A (LER-02A) Euphorbion seguieranae Golub 1994

Caspian desert vegetation on stabilised sandy dunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbion seguieranae Golub 1994

Synonyms

EB (TAM) Tamaricetea arceuthoidis Akhani et Mucina 2015

Tamarisk scrub of the semi-desert and desert zones of Central Asia, the Eastern Chinese and Mongolian deserts, Middle East and the Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricetea arceuthoidis Akhani et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

Remark

tam01 | The Tamaricetea arceuthoidis described only lately (Akhani & Mucina 2015) comprises riparian scrub communities of saline and subsaline alluvial habitats along mainly intermittent rivers. The core region of distribution of this syntaxon is the Irano-Turanian Floristic Region (unlike the Mediterranean for the Nerio-Tamaricetea) of continental Central Asia and the Middle East. Represented by the order Elaeagno turcomanicae-Tamaricetalia ramossissimae Akhani et Mucina 2015, it reaches the territory of Europe in the region of the Lower Volga River valley. (L. Mucina).

EB01 (TAM-01) Elaeagno turcomanicae-Tamaricetalia ramossissimae Akhani et Mucina 2015

Tamarisk scrub of the semi-desert and desert zones of Central Asia and the Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Elaeagno turcomanicae-Tamaricetalia ramossissimae Akhani et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

EB01A (TAM-01A) Agropyro fragilis-Tamaricion ramosissimae Golub in Barmin 2001

Tamarisk riparian xero-mesophytic subsaline scrub of the semi-desert Lower Volga River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agropyro fragilis-Tamaricion ramosissimae Golub in Barmin 2001

Synonyms

EC (KAL) Kalidietea foliati Mirkin et al. ex Rukhlenko 2012

Continental hypersaline scrub on edges of inland saline lakes and the seaboards of Eastern Europe and Central Asia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kalidietea foliati Mirkin et al. ex Rukhlenko 2012

Synonyms

EC01 (KAL-01) Kalidietalia foliati Golub et al. 2001

Irano-Turanian desertic perennial chenopod scrub on hypersaline soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kalidietalia foliati Golub et al. 2001

Synonyms

EC01A (KAL-01A) Kalidion caspici Golub et al. 2001

Caspian desertic perennial chenopod scrub on hypersaline dry soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kalidion caspici Golub et al. 2001

Synonyms

EC01B (KAL-01B) Climacoptero crassae-Suaedion acuminatae Golub et Čorbadze 1989 corr. Lysenko et Mucina 2015

Caspian desertic perennial chenopod scrub in wet saline depressions

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Climacoptero crassae-Suaedion acuminatae Golub et Čorbadze 1989 corr. Lysenko et Mucina 2015

Synonyms

EC02 (KAL-02) Halimionetalia verruciferae Golub et al. 2001

Pontic-Sarmatian and Crimean saline grasslands rich in dwarf shrubs on clayey soils in the steppe zone of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Halimionetalia verruciferae Golub et al. 2001

Synonyms

EC02A (KAL-02A) Artemisio santonicae-Puccinellion fominii Shelyag-Sosonko et al. 1989

Pontic-Sarmatian saline grassland vegetation on solonchak soils of dried saline lakes in the steppe zone of Romania, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio santonicae-Puccinellion fominii Shelyag-Sosonko et al. 1989

Synonyms

EC02B (KAL-02B) Camphorosmo-Agropyrion desertorum Korzhenevsky et Klyukin ex Golub et al. 2006

Saline grassland vegetation on clay substrates of the dysfunctional mud volcanos of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Camphorosmo-Agropyrion desertorum Korzhenevsky et Klyukin ex Golub et al. 2006

Synonyms

ED (AEL) Aeluropodetea littoralis Golub et al. 2001

Hypersaline alluvial temporary flooded swards in the semi-desert and desert zones of Central Asia, Middle East and the Ural River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aeluropodetea littoralis Golub et al. 2001

Synonyms

ED01 (AEL-01) Aeluropodetalia littoralis Golub et al. 2001

Hypersaline alluvial temporary flooded swards in the semi-desert and desert zones of Central Asia, Middle East and the Ural River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aeluropodetalia littoralis Golub et al. 2001

Synonyms

Remark

ael01 | This order was typified by the Suaedo paradoxae-Aeluropion littoralis (Golub et al. 2001: 73), described from Turkmenistan. (L. Mucina).

ED01A (AEL-01A) Elytrigio-Aeluropodion Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995

Hypersaline alluvial temporary flooded swards in the semi-desert zone of the Lower Ural River valley

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Elytrigio-Aeluropodion Ageleulov et Golub in Golub 1995

Synonyms

FA (QUI) Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolòs et O. de Bolòs in A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950

Thermo-mesomediterranean pine and oak forests and associated macchia of the Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolòs et O. de Bolòs in A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950

Synonyms

Remark

qui01 | For the details on the nomenclature of this class name see Willner et al. (2015b). (L. Mucina).

FA01 (QUI-01) Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Evergreen and semi-deciduous thermo- to supramediterranean oak and relict laurel forests of the Central and Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Synonyms

FA01A (QUI-01A) Quercion ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Thermo-supramediterranean mesic evergreen holm oak forests on calcareous substrates of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion ilicis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Synonyms

FA01B (QUI-01B) Oleo sylvestris-Quercion rotundifoliae Barbero, Quézel et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 nom. invers. propos.

Thermo-mesomediterranean evergreen oak forests on deep soils of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oleo sylvestris-Quercion rotundifoliae Barbero, Quézel et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 nom. invers. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

qui02 | In North Africa, the meso-supramediterranean belts are characterised by an altitudinal analogon, the Balanseo glaberrimae-Quercion rotundifoliae Barbero, Quézel et Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011 (syn: Balanseo glaberrimae-Quercion rotundifoliae Barbero, Quézel et Rivas-Mart. 1981; ICPN art. 5). (L. Mucina).

FA01C (QUI-01C) Quercion broteroi Br.-Bl. et al. 1956 corr. Rivas-Mart. 1972

Ibero-Atlantic meso-supramediterranean evergreen and semi-deciduous oak forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion broteroi Br.-Bl. et al. 1956 corr. Rivas-Mart. 1972

Synonyms

FA01D (QUI-01D) Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi, Casavecchia et Gigante in Biondi et al. 2013

Evergreen and semideciduous calciphilous holm oak forests of the Central Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis Biondi, Casavecchia et Gigante in Biondi et al. 2013

Synonyms

FA01E (QUI-01E) Erico-Quercion ilicis S. Brullo et al. 1977

Evergreen and semideciduous acidophilous holm oak forests of the Central Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico-Quercion ilicis S. Brullo et al. 1977

Synonyms

FA01G (QUI-01G) Cyclamini cretici-Quercion ilicis Barbero et Quézel in Quézel et al. 1993

Evergreen calcicolous mesic holm oak forests of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cyclamini cretici-Quercion ilicis Barbero et Quézel in Quézel et al. 1993

Synonyms

FA01H (QUI-01H) Arbuto andrachnes-Quercion cocciferae Barbero et Quézel 1979

Evergreen calcicolous mesic kermes oak forests of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Arbuto andrachnes-Quercion cocciferae Barbero et Quézel 1979

Synonyms

FA01I (QUI-01I) Arbuto unedonis-Laurion nobilis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Relict Mediterranean laurel forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Arbuto unedonis-Laurion nobilis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

Remark

qui03 | This unit has a marginal position in this order. It represents relicts of the ancient warm-temperate evergreen forests that dominated the Mediterranean in the Tertiary (see Rodriguez-Sánchez et al. 2009). (L. Mucina).

FA02 (QUI-02) Quercetalia calliprini Zohary 1955

Sclerophyllous oak and conifer forests and associated macchia in the thermo- to supramediterranean belts of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercetalia calliprini Zohary 1955

Synonyms

FA02A (QUI-02A) Quercion calliprini Zohary 1955

Sclerophyllous evergreen Palestine oak forests of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion calliprini Zohary 1955

Synonyms

FA02B (QUI-02B) Aceri sempervirentis-Cupression sempervirentis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1993

Supramediterranean cypress forests of Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aceri sempervirentis-Cupression sempervirentis Barbero et Quézel ex Quézel et al. 1993

Synonyms

FA02C (QUI-02C) Quercion alnifoliae Barbero et Quézel ex Bergmeier, Mucina et Theurillat in Willner et al. 2015

Mesomediterranean evergreen endemic golden oak forests of Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion alnifoliae Barbero et Quézel ex Bergmeier, Mucina et Theurillat in Willner et al. 2015

Synonyms

FA03 (QUI-03) Pinetalia halepensis Biondi, Blasi, Galdenzi, Pesaresi et Vagge in Biondi et al. 2014

Thermo-mesomediterranean pine forests of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinetalia halepensis Biondi, Blasi, Galdenzi, Pesaresi et Vagge in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

FA03A (QUI-03A) Pistacio lentisci-Pinion halepensis Biondi, Blasi, Galdenzi, Pesaresi et Vagge in Biondi et al. 2014

Thermomediterranean Pinus halepensis forests, locally co-dominated by other thermophilous pine species, from mainland Greece to eastern Spain and coastal areas of northwestern Africa

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pistacio lentisci-Pinion halepensis Biondi, Blasi, Galdenzi, Pesaresi et Vagge in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

FA03B (QUI-03B) Alkanno baeoticae-Pinion halepensis Mucina et Dimopoulos in Mucina et al. 2009

Thermomediterranean Pinus halepensis forests on ultramafic substrates of Euboea and the Hellenic mainland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alkanno baeoticae-Pinion halepensis Mucina et Dimopoulos in Mucina et al. 2009

Synonyms

FA03C (QUI-03C) Pinion brutiae Feinbrun 1959

Thermo- to mesomediterranean Pinus brutia forests of Greece (mainland and Aegean islands), western and southern Anatolia, Cyprus, Lebanon and Syria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salvio fruticosae-Pinion brutiae Konstantinidis, Mucina et Bergmeier ined.

Synonyms

Remark

qui05 | This alliance was coined to accommodate the Aegean (especially Cretan) Pinus brutia forests as represented for instance by the association Rhamno lycioidis-Pinetum brutiae (Konstantinidis et al. 2012). A full and valid description, accompanied by a syntaxonomic revision of Pinus brutia forests is in preparation (Konstantinidis & Mucina unpubl.). (L. Mucina).

FA03D (QUI-03D) Pinion pineae Feinbrun 1959

Thermomediterranean stone pine forests on leached sandy soils of ancient coastal dunes and inland alluvia of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pinion pineae Feinbrun 1959

Synonyms

Remark

qui20 | Pinion pineae occurs in Anatolia and Lebanon, and its possible occurrence in Greece or the European part of Turkey needs further investigation. (Gianmaria Bonari).

FA03E (QUI-03E) Styraco officinalis-Pinion brutiae Bonari, Chytrý, Çoban, Kavgacı et Sağlam in Bonari et al. 2021

Meso- and supramediterranean Pinus brutia forests of Greece, Anatolia, Cyprus and the Near East

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Not included in EuroVegChecklist

Synonyms

FA03F (QUI-03F) Thymo vulgaris-Pinion halepensis Biondi et Pesaresi in Pesaresi et al. 2017

Mesomediterranean Pinus halepensis forests of eastern Spain, southeastern France (Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence), northeastern Italy (Liguria) and the Balearic Islands, mainly on base-rich substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Not included in EuroVegChecklist

Synonyms

FA03G (QUI-03G) Sarcopoterio spinosi-Pinion halepensis Biondi et Pesaresi in Pesaresi et al. 2017

Thermo- to mesomediterranean Pinus halepensis forests of Greece, mainly on calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Not included in EuroVegChecklist

Synonyms

FA03H (QUI-03H) Coremato albi-Pinion pinastri J.C. Costa, Neto, Capelo, Aguiar, Monteiro-Henriques et Bonari in Bonari et al. 2021

Atlantic southwestern Iberian natural forests dominated by Pinus pinaster and/or Pinus pinea mostly on coastal sandy soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Not included in EuroVegChecklist

Synonyms

FA03I (QUI-03I) Lavandulo pedunculatae-Pinion pinastri Fernández-González, Bonari et Chytrý in Bonari et al. 2021

Meso- to supramediterranean Central Iberian Pinus pinaster forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Not included in EuroVegChecklist

Synonyms

FA03J (QUI-03J) Genisto pilosae-Pinion pinastri Biondi et Vagge 2015

Thermo- to mesomediterranean Pinus pinaster forests of Liguria, Tuscany, Provence, Languedoc and Corsica

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genisto pilosae-Pinion pinastri Biondi et Vagge 2015

Synonyms

FA04 (QUI-04) Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni Rivas-Mart. 1975

Thermo-mesomediterranean low-grown matorral, macchia and garrigue of the Mediterranean Basin

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni Rivas-Mart. 1975

Synonyms

Remark

qui07 | Julve's (1993) description of the Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetea alaterni was motivated by separation of the tall-scrub communities accommodated within the Pistacio lentisci-Rhamnetalia alaterni Rivas-Mart. 1975 from the Mediterranean fire-prone forests of the Quercetalia ilicis. This proposal was followed by Theurillat et al. (1995), but neglected by most the authors dealing with syntaxonomy of Mediterranean vegetation. (L. Mucina).

FA04A (QUI-04A) Ericion arboreae (Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986) Rivas-Mart. 1987

Thermo-mesomediterranean neutrophilous to acidophilous mesic matorral of the Mediterranean Basin

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ericion arboreae (Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986) Rivas-Mart. 1987

Synonyms

FA04B (QUI-04B) Juniperion turbinatae Rivas-Mart. 1975 corr. 1987

Thermomediterranean tall juniper scrub on coastal dune systems of the Western Mediterranean seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion turbinatae Rivas-Mart. 1975 corr. 1987

Synonyms

FA04C (QUI-04C) Asparago albi-Rhamnion oleoidis Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. 1975

Thermomediterranean semiarid sclerophyllous scrub of the southern regions of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Asparago albi-Rhamnion oleoidis Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. 1975

Synonyms

FA04D (QUI-04D) Rhamno lycioidis-Quercion cocciferae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. 1975

Eastern Iberian meso-supramediterranean semiarid oak and low pine matorral

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhamno lycioidis-Quercion cocciferae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. 1975

Synonyms

FA04E (QUI-04E) Periplocion angustifoliae Rivas-Mart. 1975

Thermomediterranean semiarid deciduous relict low matorral of the coastal regions of southeastern Spain, Sicily and the eastern regions of North Africa

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Periplocion angustifoliae Rivas-Mart. 1975

Synonyms

FA04F (QUI-04F) Pino pinastri-Juniperion phoeniceae Pérez Latorre et Cabezudo in Pérez Latorre et al. 1998

Betic (Southern Iberian) thermo- to supramediterranean matorral on ultramafic and dolomitic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pino pinastri-Juniperion phoeniceae Pérez Latorre et Cabezudo in Pérez Latorre et al. 1998

Synonyms

FA04G (QUI-04G) Juniperion lagunae Cano et al. 2007

Thermo- to supramediterranean dry juniper scrub of the Luso-Extremadurean Province of the Central Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion lagunae Cano et al. 2007

Synonyms

FA04H (QUI-04H) Oleo-Ceratonion siliquae Br.-Bl. ex Guinochet et Drouineau 1944

Thermomediterranean calcicolous macchia of the Liguro-Tyrrhenian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oleo-Ceratonion siliquae Br.-Bl. ex Guinochet et Drouineau 1944

Synonyms

FA04I (QUI-04I) Asparago orientalis-Juniperion macrocarpae (Díez Garretas et Asensi 2014) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Thermomediterranean juniper scrub of the coastal dune systems of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Asparago orientalis-Juniperion macrocarpae (Díez Garretas et Asensi 2014) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

qui19 | The syntaxonomic synthesis of the Juniperus macrocarpa dominated costal dune scrub (Díez Garretas & Asensi 2014) in the Mediterranean reveals two floristically and geographically characterised units, interpreted as the suballiances Juniperenion turbinatae and Asparago orientalis-Juniperenion macrocarpae. The synoptic table in Díez Garretas & Asensi (2014: Tab. 1, columns 38−44) supports the floristic identity of the Asparago orientalis-Juniperenion macrocarpae, which we up-rank here onto the level of a new alliance the Asparago orientalis-Juniperion macrocarpae, recognising the Rubio tenuifoliae-Juniperetum macrocarpae Géhu et al. 1992 (Colloq. Phytosociol. 19: 554−555, Tab. 28, rel. 13) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the alliance. The diagnostic taxa of the alliance are: Anthyllis hermanniae, Asparagus aphyllus subsp. orientalis, Erica manipuliflora, Genista acanthoclada, Juniperus macrocarpa and Salvia fruticosa. (L. Mucina).

FA04J (QUI-04J) Rhamno graecae-Juniperion lyciae M. Costa et al. 1984

Aegeo-Anatolian and Cypriotic low-grown coastal garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhamno graecae-Juniperion lyciae M. Costa et al. 1984

Synonyms

FA04K (QUI-04K) Phlomido fruticosae-Euphorbion dendroidis Mucina et Dimopoulos in Mucina et al. 2016

Thermomediterranean calcicolous garrigue on steep coastal slopes of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Phlomido fruticosae-Euphorbion dendroidis Mucina et Dimopoulos in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

qui11 | The Phlomido fruticosae-Euphorbion dendroidis is herein formally described to accommodate thermo-mediterranean garrigue on highly inclined or steep coastal slopes of calcareous soils in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Euphorbia dendroides communities of Hellas (including the Aegean archipelago and Crete) and of the Eastern Mediterranean differ markedly from similar communities from Spain, France, Italy and Croatia (see Eichberger 2001, 2003 for the latest syntaxonomic synthesis); the latter vegetation (including Euphorbia dendroides dominated communities form the Western Mediterranean) has been classified in the Oleo-Ceratonion siliquae. We assign the Phlomido fruticosae-Euphorbietum dendroidis Eichberger 2001 (Eichberger 2001: 193, Tab. 2) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the Phlomido fruticosae-Euphorbion dendroidis and list Asparagus aphyllus, Ballota acetabulosa, Ephedra foeminea, Euphorbia dendroides, Phlomis fruticosa and Salvia fruticosa as the diagnostic species of the new alliance. (L. Mucina, P. Dimopoulos).

FA04L (QUI-04L) Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary et Orshan 1959

Thermomediterranean sclerophyllous evergreen macchia of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ceratonio-Pistacion lentisci Zohary et Orshan 1959

Synonyms

FA04M (QUI-04M) Pistacio terebinthi-Rhamnion alaterni Barbero et Quézel 1975

Mesomediterranean sclerophyllous garrigue of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pistacio terebinthi-Rhamnion alaterni Barbero et Quézel 1975

Synonyms

FB (ROS) Ononido-Rosmarinetea Br.-Bl. in A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950

Mediterranean scrub (tomillar, espleguer, romeral, garrigue, phrygana, batha) on base-rich substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ononido-Rosmarinetea Br.-Bl. in A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950

Synonyms

Remark

ros01 | The geographic-ecological asymmetry (two classes in the Western Mediterranean vs one class in the Eastern Mediterranean) is not acceptable and could lead either to the description of yet another class (on siliceous substrates) in the Eastern Mediterranean, or the dissolution of the Cisto-Micromerietea into the Rosmarinetea and Cisto-Lavanduletea. We suggest that Barbero & Quézel's (1989) claim that it would not be possible to distinguish two different classes (based on geochemistry of soil controlling two different species pools) in the Eastern Mediterranean could be due to the poor data then (in 1989) at their disposal. .

FB01 (ROS-01) Rosmarinetalia officinalis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Western Mediterranean thermo-supramediterranean dry-subhumid calcicolous scrub (tomillar, garrigue and matorral)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rosmarinetalia officinalis Br.-Bl. ex Molinier 1934

Synonyms

FB01A (ROS-01A) Lavandulo latifoliae-Genistion boissieri Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969

Betic (Southern Iberian) meso-supramediterranean calcicolous tomillar and matorral

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lavandulo latifoliae-Genistion boissieri Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969

Synonyms

FB01B (ROS-01B) Eryngio trifidi-Ulicion erinacei Rothmaler 1943

Thermo-mesomediterranean calcicolous scrub of the humid-perhumid regions of Southern Portugal and southwestern Spain

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Eryngio trifidi-Ulicion erinacei Rothmaler 1943

Synonyms

FB01C (ROS-01C) Ulici densi-Thymion sylvestris (Capelo et al. 1993) J.C. Costa et al. 2009

Thermo-mesomediterranean tomillar on eroded calcareous soils of the subhumid to humid Sadensean-Divinding regions of Portugal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ulici densi-Thymion sylvestris (Capelo et al. 1993) J.C. Costa et al. 2009

Synonyms

FB01D (ROS-01D) Sideritido incanae-Salvion lavandulifoliae (Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969) Izco et Molina 1989

Central Iberian continental meso-supramediterranean calcicolous garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sideritido incanae-Salvion lavandulifoliae (Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969) Izco et Molina 1989

Synonyms

FB01E (ROS-01E) Helianthemo italici-Aphyllanthion monspeliensis Díez Garretas et al. 1998

Meso-supramediterranean dry-subhumid calciphilous scrub (espleguer and salviar) of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula and southeastern France

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helianthemo italici-Aphyllanthion monspeliensis Díez Garretas et al. 1998

Synonyms

FB01F (ROS-01F) Rosmarinion officinalis Molinier 1934

Catalonian, Balearic and Provencal thermo- to supramediterranean semiarid to subhumid coastal calciphilous tomillar

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rosmarinion officinalis Molinier 1934

Synonyms

FB01G (ROS-01G) Hypericion ericoidis Esteve ex M. Costa et Peris 1985

Manchego-Murcian (Iberian Peninsula) thermomediterranean tomillar on calcareous and dolomitic lithosols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hypericion ericoidis Esteve ex M. Costa et Peris 1985

Synonyms

FB01H (ROS-01H) Hypericion balearici O. de Bolòs et Molinier 1958

Balearic thermo-mesomediterranean garrigue on calcareous and dolomitic lithosol

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hypericion balearici O. de Bolòs et Molinier 1958

Synonyms

FB01I (ROS-01I) Cisto cretici-Genistion corsicae Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1991

Cyrno-Sardean thermomediterranean garrigue on deep brown soils and terra rossa

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto cretici-Genistion corsicae Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1991

Synonyms

FB01J (ROS-01J) Polygalo-Seslerion insularis Arrigoni ex Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1986

Sardinian mesomediterranean calcicolous garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polygalo-Seslerion insularis Arrigoni ex Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1986

Synonyms

FB02 (ROS-02) Erinaceetalia anthyllidis Quézel 1953

Oromediterranean and upper supramediterranean hedgehog scrub of the Sierra Nevada (Southern Iberian Peninsula) and the North African Atlas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erinacetalia anthyllidis Quézel 1953

Synonyms

FB02A (ROS-02A) Xeroacantho-Erinaceion (Quézel 1953) O. de Bolòs 1967

Oromediterranean and upper supramediterranean hedgehog scrub of the Sierra Nevada (Southern Iberian Peninsula) and the North African Atlas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Xeroacantho-Erinaceion (Quézel 1953) O. de Bolòs 1967

Synonyms

FB03 (ROS-03) Gypsophiletalia Bellot et Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1957

Central and Southern Iberian thermo-to supramediterranean gypsicolous tomillar

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Gypsophiletalia Bellot et Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1957

Synonyms

FB03A (ROS-03A) Lepidion subulati Bellot et Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1957

Central Iberian and Almerian thermo-to supramediterranean gypsicolous tomillar

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lepidion subulati Bellot et Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1957

Synonyms

FB03B (ROS-03B) Thymo-Teucrion verticillati Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1957

Alicanto-Murcian (Iberian) thermo-mesomediterranean semiarid gypsicolous tomillar

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thymo-Teucrion verticillati Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1957

Synonyms

FB04 (ROS-04) Anthyllidetalia terniflorae Rivas Goday et al. in Rivas Goday et Borja 1961

Infra-mesomediterranean tomillar on heavy clayey-loamy soils of the arid and semiarid regions of the Southern Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthyllidetalia terniflorae Rivas Goday et al. in Rivas Goday et Borja 1961

Synonyms

FB04A (ROS-04A) Thymo-Sideritidion leucanthae O. de Bolòs 1957

Murciano-Almerian (Southern Iberian) infra-thermomediterranean tomillar on calcareous marl substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thymo-Sideritidion leucanthae O. de Bolòs 1957

Synonyms

FB04B (ROS-04B) Anthyllido terniflorae-Salsolion papillosae Rivas Goday et Esteve 1968

Almerian (Southern Iberian) infra-thermomediterranean tomillar on ultramafic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthyllido terniflorae-Salsolion papillosae Rivas Goday et Esteve 1968

Synonyms

FB04C (ROS-04C) Sideritidion bourgaeanae Peinado et Martínez-Parras in Peinado et al. 1992

Manchego-Murcian (Iberian) thermo-mesomediterranean tomillar on calcareous and dolomitic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sideritidion bourgaeanae Peinado et Martínez-Parras in Peinado et al. 1992

Synonyms

FB05 (ROS-05) Convolvuletalia boissieri Rivas-Mart. et al. ex Díez et Asensi 1994

Betic (Southern Iberian) endemic thermo- to oromediterranean tomillar on dolomitic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Convolvuletalia boissieri Rivas-Mart. et al. ex Díez et Asensi 1994

Synonyms

FB05A (ROS-05A) Andryalion agardhii Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas Goday et Mayor 1966

Betic (Southern Iberian) supra-oromediterranean pulvinate tomillar on dolomitic lithosols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Andryalion agardhii Rivas-Mart. ex Rivas Goday et Mayor 1966

Synonyms

FB05B (ROS-05B) Lavandulion lanatae (Martínez-Parras et al. 1984) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Betic (Southern Iberian) thermo- to supramediterranean tomillar on dolomitic lithosols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lavandulion lanatae (Martínez-Parras et al. 1984) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

FB06 (ROS-06) Cisto-Micromerietalia julianae Oberd. 1954

Thermo-mesomediterranean phrygana of the continental Hellas and the Adriatic and Ionian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto-Micromerietalia julianae Oberd. 1954

Synonyms

Remark

ros06 | Brullo et al. (1997) published the most comprehensive syntaxonomic synthesis of the Eastern Mediterranean phrygana to date. A preliminary numerical-syntaxonomic analysis (L. Mucina, unpubl.) of the material presented in the latter paper suggests, however, a different syntaxonomic scheme: (1) the floristic differentiation between the Cisto-Ericetalia Horvatić 1958 and the Cisto-Micromerietalia julianae Oberd. 1954 was not supported by the data; (2) given similarity shown between the Southern Aegean, Southern Anatolian, Cypriotic and North African phrygana, consideration of combining them into a single order in their own right is warranted, and (3) the latter order was shown as floristically very different from the syntaxonomic concept of the Poterietalia spinosi Eig 1939 (Sarcopoterietalia spinosi Eig 1939 nom. mut. propos.: the proposal of the name change was published by Brullo et al. 1997: 32) and it was obviously premature to use it for the Aegean-Anatolian (as well Cyrenaican) distribution areas of the Cisto-Micromerietea. As Zohary & Orshan (1966: 28) pointed out, the Poterietalia spinosi Eig 1939 is a different unit from that which they described from Crete under the name 'Poterietalia spinosi intermedia'. (L. Mucina).

FB06A (ROS-06A) Cisto cretici-Ericion manipuliflorae Horvatić 1958

Thermomediterranean calcicolous garrigue of the Dalmatian and Istrian Adriatic seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto cretici-Ericion manipuliflorae Horvatić 1958

Synonyms

Remark

ros07 | Biondi's (2000) paper, where this alliance was classified within the Cisto-Micromerietea while the other alliance (the Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae Biondi 2000) was classified within the Rosmarinetea, is not conclusive. (L. Mucina).

FB06B (ROS-06B) Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae Biondi 2000

Thermo-mesomediterranean calcicolous garrigue of the central and southern regions of the Adriatic and Ionian seaboards of the Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto eriocephali-Ericion multiflorae Biondi 2000

Synonyms

FB06C (ROS-06C) Micromerion Oberd. 1954

Meso-supramediterranean calcicolous phrygana of Northern Hellas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Micromerion Oberd. 1954

Synonyms

FB06D (ROS-06D) Dorycnio-Coridothymion capitati (Oberd. 1954) S. Brullo et al. 1997

Thermomediterranean calcicolous phrygana of Northern Hellas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dorycnio-Coridothymion capitati (Oberd. 1954) S. Brullo et al. 1997

Synonyms

FB07 (ROS-07) Hyperico empetrifolii-Genistetalia acanthocladae Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Thermo-mesomediterranean phrygana of the southern regions of the Aegean, Crete, Cyprus, the Southern Anatolian seaboards and Cyrenaica

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico empetrifolii-Genistetalia acanthocladae Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

ros08 | This vegetation has been previously classified in the Poterietalia spinosi Eig 1939 (see Remark mic02) but it deserves a status of order in its own right. Here we formally describe this order and designate the name Hyperico empetrifolii-Micromerion graecae Barbero et Quézel 1989 as the holotypus (hoc loco; Barbero & Quézel 1989: 44, 58) of the new order. The diagnostic taxa of the Hyperico empetrifolii-Genistetalia acanthocladae are: Anthyllis hermanniae, Asperula pubescens, Carlina tragacanthifolia, Cynara cyrenaica, Euphorbia acanthothamnos, Genista acanthoclada, Helichrysum stoechas subsp. barrelieri, H. sanguineum, Hypericum empetrifolium, Hypericum thymifolium, Lithodora hispidula, Micromeria myrtifolia, Nepeta vivianii, Ononis spinosa subsp. antiquorum, Origanum syriacum, Phlomis floccosa, P. lanata, P. viscosa, Salvia fruticosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Scorzonera cretica, Stachys distans, S. tournefortii, Teucrium barbeyanum, T. divaricatum, T. microphyllum and T. micropodioides. (L. Mucina).

FB07A (ROS-07A) Hyperico empetrifolii-Micromerion graecae Barbero et Quézel 1989

Thermo- to supramediterranean calcicolous phrygana of the central and southern regions of Hellas, the Aegean region and Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico empetrifolii-Micromerion graecae Barbero et Quézel 1989

Synonyms

FB07B (ROS-07B) Origano syriaci-Hypericion thymifolii Mucina et Theurillat in Mucina et al. 2016

Thermomediterranean calcicolous phrygana of Southern Anatolia and the Levante

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Origano syriaci-Hypericion thymifolii Mucina et Theurillat in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

ros10 | This new name replaces the unfortunate Helichryso sanguinei-Origanion syriaci Barbero et Quézel 1989 which, because of the erroneous choice of the type, should be deemed a nomen dubium (see Remark mic09). The holotypus (hoc loco) of this alliance is the Hyparrhenio-Thymbretum spicatae (Barbero & Quézel 1989: 47, 58) and the diagnostic species of the alliance are Globularia trichosantha, Helichrysum sanguineum, Hypericum thymifolium, H. triquetrifolium, Micromeria myrtifolia, Nepeta curviflora, Onosma bornmuelleri, O. gigantea, Origanum laevigatum, O. syriacum, Phlomis viscosa, Polygala supina, Salvia aramiensis, Stachys distans and Teucrium kotschyanum. (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

FB07C (ROS-07C) Sarcopoterio spinosi-Genistion fasselatae M. Costa et al. 1984

Thermo-mesomediterranean phrygana on sandy and loamy soils of Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sarcopoterio spinosi-Genistion fasselatae M. Costa et al. 1984

Synonyms

FC (LAV) Cisto-Lavanduletea stoechadis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Mediterranean scrub (jaral, matorral, garrigue, phrygana) on acidic siliceous and ultramafic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto-Lavanduletea stoechadis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Synonyms

Remark

lav01 | In Europe, this class encompasses three orders, the Lavanduletalia stoechadis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940, the Stauracantho genistoidis-Halimietalia commutati Rivas-Mart. et al. 199 and a new order − the Lavandulo stoechadi-Hypericetalia olympici (see below). A fourth order (Halimietalia riphaeo-atlantici Quézel et al. 1988) is known from Morocco. (L. Mucina).

FC01 (LAV-01) Lavanduletalia stoechadis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Western Mediterranean garrigue and other scrub on hard acidic siliceous and ultramafic bedrocks

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lavanduletalia stoechadis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Synonyms

FC01A (LAV-01A) Cistion laurifolii Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1956

Meso-supramediterranean acidophilous jarales and cantuesales of the north-central regions of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cistion laurifolii Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et al. 1956

Synonyms

FC01B (LAV-01B) Staehelino-Ulicion baetici Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969

Betic (Southern Iberian) thermo- to supramediterranean ultramafic garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Staehelino-Ulicion baetici Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969

Synonyms

FC01C (LAV-01C) Ulici argentei-Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. et al. 1964

Southern Iberian and Moroccan thermo-mesomediterranean xeric silicicolous garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ulici argentei-Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. et al. 1964

Synonyms

FC01D (LAV-01D) Quercion fruticosae Rothmaler 1954

Southwestern Iberian and North African coastal matorral on oligotrophic palaeo-podzolic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Quercion fruticosae Rothmaler 1954

Synonyms

Remark

lav03 | The name 'Frutici-Quercion' was published on p. 597 in Rothmaler (1954) where he classified two associations: the 'Frutici-Quercetum taganum' and the 'Frutici-Quercetum boivinii'; both were validly published (see the synoptic Table 1 in Rothmaler l.c.). However, the names of the associations and of the alliance have to be corrected as per ICPN art. 14 because there is no genus named 'Frutex'. Therefore, the validly published, corrected name for the alliance should read: Quercion fruticosae Rothmaler 1954. (J.-P. Theurillat).

FC01E (LAV-01E) Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolòs et O. Bolòs in A. Bolòs 1950

Thermomediterranean acidophilous coastal garrigue of the northwestern Tyrrhenian and Ligurian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cistion ladaniferi Br.-Bl. ex A. Bolòs et O. Bolòs in A. Bolòs 1950

Synonyms

FC01F (LAV-01F) Calicotomo villosae-Genistion tyrrhenae Biondi 2000

Thermomediterranean acidophilous coastal garrigue of the southwestern Tyrrhenian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Calicotomo villosae-Genistion tyrrhenae Biondi 2000

Synonyms

FC01G (LAV-01G) Teucrion mari (Gamisans et Muracciole 1984) Biondi et Mossa 1992

Cyrno-Sardean thermo-mesomediterranean acidophilous garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Teucrion mari (Gamisans et Muracciole 1984) Biondi et Mossa 1992

Synonyms

FC01H (LAV-01H) Armerio sardoae-Genistion salzmannii Arrigoni 1986

Sardinian supramediterranean silicicolous garrigue

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerio sardoae-Genistion salzmannii Arrigoni 1986

Synonyms

Remark

lav05 | Biondi (2000) suggested including this syntaxon within the Teucrion mari. (L. Mucina).

FC02 (LAV-02) Stauracantho genistoidis-Halimietalia commutati Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990

Lusitano-Andalusian and Northern Moroccan thermo-mesomediterranean sandy scrub on acidic palaeodunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stauracantho genistoidis-Halimietalia commutati Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990

Synonyms

FC02A (LAV-02A) Coremation albi Rothmaler 1943

Lusitano-Andalusian and Northern Moroccan thermo-mesomediterranean sandy scrub on acidic palaeodunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Coremation albi Rothmaler 1943

Synonyms

FC03 (LAV-03) Lavandulo stoechadis-Hypericetalia olympici Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Eastern Mediterranean garrigue and phrygana on acidic siliceous and ultramafic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lavandulo stoechadis-Hypericetalia olympici Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

lav07 | This order accommodates the EasternMediterranean shrublands over siliceous and ultramafic substrates. The diagnostic taxa of the order are Alkanna stribrnyi, Cistus albidus, C. creticus subsp. creticus, Dianthus pinifolius, Genista carinalis, Hypericum olympicum, Iris suaveolens, Lavandula stoechas, Silene paradoxa and Stachys angustifolia and those of the subordinate alliances. The Hyperico olympici-Cistion cretici (Oberd. 1954) R. Jahn et Bergmeier in Mucina et al. 2009 (Mucina et al. 2009, Lazaroa 30: 273–274) is the holotypus (hoc loco) of this neworder. (L. Mucina)

FC03A (LAV-03A) Hyperico olympici-Cistion cretici (Oberd. 1954) R. Jahn et Bergmeier in Mucina et al. 2009

Thermo-mesomediterranean silicicolous phrygana of Northern Hellas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico olympici-Cistion cretici (Oberd. 1954) R. Jahn et Bergmeier in Mucina et al. 2009

Synonyms

Remark

lav11 | The alliance Genistion lydiae Kunev et al. 2020 described from Bulgaria is similar to Hyperico olympici-Cistion cretici. However, according to the assessment by the European Vegetation Classification Committee, its syntaxonomical status and position in higher syntaxa is unclear and requires further study (W. Willner).

FC03B (LAV-03B) Odontarrheno euboeae-Lavandulion stoechadis Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Thermo-mesomediterranean ultramafic phrygana of the Sterea Hellas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Odontarrheno euboeae-Lavandulion stoechadis Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

lav09 | Brullo et al. (1997: 34-35) described the Alyssion euboaei, an alliance that was typified by a very dubious ‘forest’ association (see Mucina & Dimopoulos 2000 for details), rendering their alliance name (and concept) a nomen dubium. Here I suggest that the phrygana on ultramafic substrates studied for instance, by Krause et al. (1963) and L. Mucina (unpubl.), is floristically, ecologically and biogeographically different (high number of local ultramafic endemics) and deserves recognition as an alliance in its own right. Therefore, I introduce the name Odontarrheno euboeae-Lavandulion stoechadis all. nov. hoc loco and I typify this alliance by assigning the Fumano pintazii-Lavanduletum stoechadis Mucina et Dimopoulos ass. nov. hoc loco as the holotypus hoc loco. The holotypus (hoc loco) of the latter association is the following relevé extracted from my unpublished report: Hellas, Evvia (Euboea) Island, Limni, SE of town, 20 June 1999 (rel. made by L. Mucina; the sampling scale used: Barkman et al. 1964); alt. 535 m, aspect: 33°, slope: 30°, vegetation cover: 100%; cover litter: 95%; dense phrygana/garrigue on ultramafic peridotite. Lavandula stoechas 2b, Sarcopoterium spinosum 2b, Fumana pinatzii 2m, Hypochaeris achyrophorus 2m, Linum strictum 2m, Trachynia distachya 2m, Anthyllis hermanniae 1, Centaurea laureotica 1, Alyssum euboeum 1, Filago gallica 1, Misopates orontium 1, Aira elegantissima +, Allium sp. +, Asterolinon linum-stellatum +, Carlina corymbosa +, Convolvulus elegantissimus +, Hypericum empetrifolium +, Jurinea consanguinea +, Phillyrea latifolia +, Helictochloa bromoides +, Sarcopoterium spinosum +, Teucrium capitatum +, Thesium bergeri +, Thymelaea tartonraira +, Alkanna graeca subsp. baeotica r. This alliance encompasses the ultramafic phrygana of Evvia Island as well as the adjacent mainland of the Sterea Hellas region. The diagnostic species of the alliance are Alkanna graeca subsp. baeotica, Alyssum densistellatum, Centaurea ebenoides, C. laureotica, Erica manipuliflora, Fumana pinatzii, Hypericum empetrifolium, Jurinea consanguinea, Lavandula stoechas, Odontarrhena euboea, Onosma graeca, Thymus atticus and T. teucrioides subsp. candilicus. (L. Mucina).

FC03C (LAV-03C) Helichryso barrelieri-Phagnalion graeci (Barbero et Quézel 1989) R. Jahn in Mucina et al. 2009

Thermo-mesomediterranean silicicolous phrygana of Southern Hellas, the central and southern Aegean archipelago and adjacent Anatolia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helichryso barrelieri-Phagnalion graeci (Barbero et Quézel 1989) R. Jahn in Mucina et al. 2009

Synonyms

Remark

lav10 | For details on the nomenclature see Mucina et al. (2009). (L. Mucina).

FD (NER) Nerio-Tamaricetea Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Circummediterranean and Macaronesian riparian scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nerio-Tamaricetea Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Synonyms

FD01 (NER-01) Tamaricetalia africanae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Circummediterranean and Macaronesian riparian scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricetalia africanae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Synonyms

Remark

ner01 | Besides the alliances listed in this survey, this order also contains the Tamaricion nilotico-articulatae of North Africa (see de Foucault et al. 2012). (L. Mucina).

FD01A (NER-01A) Tamaricion africanae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Infra- to supramediterranean tamarisk riparian scrub in temporarily flooded freshwater habitats of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricion africanae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Synonyms

FD01B (NER-01B) Tamaricion boveano-canariensis Izco et al. 1984

Infra- to supramediterranean tamarisk riparian scrub in temporarily flooded brackish habitats of the Western Mediterranean and Macaronesia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricion boveano-canariensis Izco et al. 1984

Synonyms

FD01C (NER-01C) Rubo ulmifolii-Nerion oleandri O. de Bolòs 1985

Thermo- to supramediterranean oleander riparian scrub of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rubo ulmifolii-Nerion oleandri O. de Bolòs 1958

Synonyms

FD01D (NER-01D) Securinegion buxifoliae Rivas Goday ex López Sáez et Velasco-Negueruela 1995

Luso-Estremadurean (Iberian Peninsula) thermo-mesomediterranean riparian thorny tamujal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Securinegion buxifoliae Rivas Goday ex López Sáez et Velasco-Negueruela 1995

Synonyms

FD01E (NER-01E) Tamaricion dalmaticae Jasprica in Jasprica, Kovačić & Ruščić 2016

Thermo-mesomediterranean tamarisk scrub of the Balkan Adriatic seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricion dalmaticae Jasprica in Jasprica, Kovačić & Ruščić 2016

Synonyms

FD01F (NER-01F) Rubo sancti-Nerion oleandri Brullo et al. 2004

Thermomediterranean oleander riparian scrub of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rubo sancti-Nerion oleandri Brullo et al. 2004

Synonyms

FE (CYT) Cytisetea scopario-striati Rivas-Mart. 1974

Mediterranean and (sub)atlantic temperate broomy scrub (retamal, piornal, escobonal) seral to forests on acidic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytisetea scopario-striati Rivas-Mart. 1974

Synonyms

FE01 (CYT-01) Cytisetalia scopario-striati Rivas-Mart. 1974

Western and Central Mediterranean thermo- to supramediterranean and submediterranean broomy cytisoid scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytisetalia scopario-striati Rivas-Mart. 1974

Synonyms

FE01A (CYT-01A) Ulici europaei-Cytision striati Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991

Cantabro-Atlantic and Lusitanian submediterranean and meso-supramediterranean subhumid to hyperhumid broomy heath

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ulici europaei-Cytision striati Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991

Synonyms

FE01B (CYT-01B) Genistion floridae Rivas-Mart. 1974

Western Iberian upper meso-supramediterranean and submediterranean subhumid-humid genistoid retamal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genistion floridae Rivas-Mart. 1974

Synonyms

FE01C (CYT-01C) Cytision multiflori Rivas-Mart. 1974

Western Iberian supramediterranean subhumid-hyperhumid silicicolous broomy genistoid retamal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytision multiflori Rivas-Mart. 1974

Synonyms

FE01D (CYT-01D) Retamion monospermae Rivas-Mart. et Cantó in Rivas-Mart et al. 2002

Lusitano-Andalusian and Ibero-Tingitanian seral broomy scrub on deep littoral soils and palaeodune regosols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Retamion monospermae Rivas-Mart. et Cantó in Rivas-Mart et al. 2002

Synonyms

FE01E (CYT-01E) Retamion sphaerocarpae Rivas-Mart. 1981

Ibero-Lusitanian thermo- to supramediterranean semiarid continental semiarid retamal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Retamion sphaerocarpae Rivas-Mart. 1981

Synonyms

FE01F (CYT-01F) Adenocarpion decorticantis (Rivas-Mart. et F. Valle ex F. Valle 1985) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Upper meso- to oromediterranean silicicolous retamoid scrub of the Sierra Nevada (Southern Iberian Peninsula)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Adenocarpion decorticantis (Rivas-Mart. et F. Valle ex F. Valle 1985) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

FE01G (CYT-01G) Violo messanensis-Adenocarpion complicati Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Siculo-Calabrian meso-supramediterranean broom heath

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violo messanensis-Adenocarpion complicati Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

cyt02 | The name Violion messanensis (see Barbagallo et al. 1982) should be considered illegitimate since the eponymous taxon (Viola bertolonii subsp. messanensis) is a herb while the plant community is dominated by shrubs and dwarf shrubs. Here we follow Brullo & Furnari's (in Barbagallo et al. 1982) choice of the type for the aliance and designate the Centaureo-Adenocarpetum intermedii S. Brullo et Furnari in Barbagallo et al. 1982 as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the Violo messanensis-Adenocarpion intermedii. The character taxa of this new alliance include: Adenocarpus complicatus subsp. complicatus, Micromeria graeca subsp. tenuifolia, Polygala alpestris subsp. angelisii, Thymus longicaulis and Viola bertolonii subsp. messanensis. (L. Mucina).

FE02 (CYT-02) Cytiso villosi-Telinetalia monspessulanae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Aljibic, Tyrrhenian and Catalonian thermo-mesomediterranean subhumid-humid silicicolous genistoid retamal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytiso villosi-Telinetalia monspessulanae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

FE02A (CYT-02A) Telinion monspessulano-linifoliae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Aljibic, Tyrrhenian and Catalonian thermo-mesomediterranean subhumid-humid silicicolous genistoid retamal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Telinion monspessulano-linifoliae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

FE02B (CYT-02B) Genisto spartioidis-Phlomidion almeriensis Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969

Almerian (Southern Iberian) infra- to mesomediterranean semiarid-arid retamoid scrub on calcareous and ultramafic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genisto spartioidis-Phlomidion almeriensis Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1969

Synonyms

FE02C (CYT-02C) Genisto scorpii-Retamion sphaerocarpae Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Ibero-Levantine thermo-mesomediterranean (rarely also supramediterranean) semiarid-subhumid retamal on calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genisto scorpii-Retamion sphaerocarpae Rivas-Mart. et M. Costa in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

FE02D (CYT-02D) Genistion specioso-equisetiformis Rivas-Mart. et F. Valle in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Betic (Southern Iberian) thermo-mesomediterranean arid-subhumid genistoid retamal on calcareous and ultramafic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genistion specioso-equisetiformis Rivas-Mart. et F. Valle in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

FE03 (CYT-03) Spartio juncei-Cytisetalia scoparii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Temperate (sub)atlantic broom heath of Western Europe and the Southern European peninsulas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Spartio juncei-Cytisetalia scoparii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

cyt03 | This unit, described here as a new order, the Spartio juncei-Cytisetalia scoparii (holotypus hoc loco: Sarothamnion scoparii Oberd. 1957) is a cool-temperate and submediterranean analogon of the Cytisetalia scopario-striati. It comprises species-poorer communities of three alliances (Sarothamnion scoparii Oberd. 1957, Cytision oromediterraneo-scoparii Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002 and Erico scopariae-Cytision scoparii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2015). These communities lack the core stock of the mediterranean retamoid and genistoid broom taxa. The character species of this order include: Cytisus scoparius, Erica scoparia and Spartium junceum. A detailed syntaxonomic delimitation of the temperate and mediterranean Cytisetea scopario-strati will be presented elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

FE03A (CYT-03A) Sarothamnion scoparii Oberd. 1957

Acidophilous broom and gorse mantle on forest edges and in forest clearings of the (sub)atlantic regions of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sarothamnion scoparii Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

FE03B (CYT-03B) Cytision oromediterraneo-scoparii Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Auverno-Pyreneean suboceanic temperate humid-hyperhumid silicicolous broomy heath and forest mantle

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytision oromediterraneo-scoparii Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

FE03C (CYT-03C) Erico scopariae-Cytision scoparii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Apennine broomy heath vegetation

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erico scopariae-Cytision scoparii Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

cyt04 | Agnolioni et al. (2007) recognised that the Ligurian and Tuscan Italian broom scrub cannot be classified within the Telinion monspessulano-linifoliae (see Vagge et al. 2004) and decided to place them within the Sarothamnion scoparii and classify this alliance within the Cytisetalia scopario-striati (Cytisetea scopario-striati). This step was taken earlier also by Passarge (1978: 174). We share their opinion only to a certain extent and suggest that the Erica-Cytisus broom heath of submediterranean Italy should constitute an alliance in its own right, which we call here the Erico scopariae-Cytision scoparii (holotypus hoc loco: Adenocarpo complicati-Cytisetum scoparii Blasi, Cavaliere, Abbate et Scoppola 1990; Blasi et al. 1990: Tab. 2) and designate Adenocarpos complicatus, Erica scoparia, Cytisus scoparius, C. villosus and Genista desoleana as (regional) character species of this new alliance. The Erico scopariae-Cytision scoparii further differs from its cool temperate counterpart Sarothamnion scoparii Oberd. 1957 by the occurrence of a set of species considered differential (against the Cytision scoparii), originating from the neighbouring mediterranean shrublands and woodlands. These species include Arbutus unedo, Asphodelus ramosus, Castanea sativa, Cistus incanus, C. salviifolius, Dioscorea vulgaris, Dorycnium hirsutum, Erica arborea, Helichrysum italicum, Pinus pinaster, Pulicaria odora, Quercus cerris, Q. ilex and Rubus ulmifolius. (L. Mucina).

FF (LYG) Lygeo sparti-Stipetea tenacissimae Rivas-Mart. 1978 nom. conserv. propos.

Circum-mediterranean pseudosteppes on calcareous rocky substrates and relict edaphic steppes on deep clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lygeo sparti-Stipetea tenacissimae Rivas-Mart. 1978 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

lyg01 | If we consider the name Thero-Brachypodietea as a nomen ambiguum, the name 'Lygeo sparti-Stipetea tenacissimae' deserves to be conserved as the correct and current name of this class. (L. Mucina).

FF01 (LYG-01) Cymbopogono-Brachypodietalia ramosi Horvatić 1963

Circum-mediterranean thermo- to supramediterranean pseudosteppes on sandy-loamy soils over calcareous bedrocks

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cymbopogono-Brachypodietalia ramosi Horvatić 1963

Synonyms

FF01A (LYG-01A) Phlomido lychnitis-Brachypodion retusi Mateo ex Theurillat et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Western Mediterranean thermo- to supramediterranean semiarid pseudosteppes on calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Phlomido lychnitis-Brachypodion retusi Mateo ex Theurillat et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

lyg05 | The Teucrio pseudochamaepityos-Brachypodion retusi Br.-Bl. ex Rivas-Mart. 2011 (see Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 286) is an invalid name because the type of the name was invalidly published. Indeed, the new name ‘Irido chamaeirido-Brachypodietum retusi (Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl., Roussine & Nègre 1952) Rivas-Mart. 2011’ (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 287) should have been published simply as a change of rank. Rivas-Martínez et al. (l.c.) attempted description (‘ass. nov.’) of the latter unit however, they assigned the synoptic relevé for the subassociation ‘crucianelletosum’ as the ‘type’ of the association. Hence the typification was performed invalidly since only a relevé can serve a type in this context. Because there is apparently no validly published name for the ‘Thero-Brachypodion Br.-Bl. 1925’, here we propose validation of the Phlomidi lychnitis-Brachypodion retusi Mateo 1983 nom. inval. (Mateo 1983) and select the Phlomido lychnitis-Brachypodietum retusi Br.-Bl. 1925 (Braun-Blanquet 1925: 304-320) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the alliance. The diagnostic taxa of this alliance are: Acis valentina, Allium chamaemoly, A. moschatum, Arenaria valentina, Asphodelus ramosus, Astragalus verrucosus, Biarum dispar, Brachypodium retusum, Carlina corymbosa, Charybdis maritima, C. numidica, C. undulata, Dactylis hispanica, Dorycnium pentaphyllum, Eryngium dilatatum, Helictochloa bromoides, Iris lutescens, Ophrys bombyliflora, O. lutea subsp. galilaea, O. lutea subsp. lutea, O. tenthredinifera, Pancratium illyricum, Phlomis lychnitis, Reichardia picroides, Stipa offneri, S. pauneroana, Teucrium pseudochamaepitys and Trisetum flavescens subsp. splendens. (J.-P. Theurillat, L. Mucina).

FF01B (LYG-01B) Triseto velutini-Brachypodion boissieri Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Southern Iberian thermo- to supramediterranean perennial pseudosteppes on dolomitic and ultramafic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Triseto velutini-Brachypodion boissieri Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

FF01C (LYG-01C) Festucion scariosae Martínez-Parras et al. 1984

Betic (Southern Iberian) upper meso-supramediterranean semiarid pseudosteppes on deep calcareous soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion scariosae Martínez-Parras et al. 1984

Synonyms

FF01D (LYG-01D) Stipion parviflorae De la Torre et al. 1996

Ibero-Levantine thermo- to supramediterranean subnitrophilous pseudosteppes on shallow calcareous soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipion parviflorae De la Torre et al. 1996

Synonyms

FF01E (LYG-01E) Leontodonto tuberosi-Bellion sylvestris Biondi et al. 2001

Thermo-mesomediterranean secondary pseudosteppes on deep calcareous soils of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Leontodonto tuberosi-Bellion sylvestris Biondi et al. 2001

Synonyms

FF01F (LYG-01F) Reichardio maritimae-Dactylidion hispanicae Biondi et al. 2001

Thermomediterranean subhalophilous perennial grasslands in wind-swept habitats on calcareous soils of the Tyrrhenian, Ionian and Aegean coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Reichardio maritimae-Dactylidion hispanicae Biondi et al. 2001

Synonyms

FF01G (LYG-01G) Cymbopogono-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatić 1963

Thermo-mesomediterranean pseudosteppes on calcareous sandy soils of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cymbopogono-Brachypodion ramosi Horvatić 1963

Synonyms

FF01H (LYG-01H) Hyparrhenion hirtae Br.-Bl. et al. 1956

Thermo-mesomediterranean pseudosteppes on calcareous sandy soils of the Western Mediterranean and southern regions of the Central Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyparrhenion hirtae Br.-Bl. et al. 1956

Synonyms

Remark

lyg10 | Here we follow the classification schemes for the Mediterranean Hyparrhenia-dominated communities (Díez Garretas & Asensi 1999; C. Brullo et al. 2010) suggesting fusion of the Hyparrhenion hirtae, Saturejo-Hyparrhenion hirtae, Aristido-Hyparrhenion and Panico repentis-Hyparrhenion into a single unit. (L. Mucina).

FF02 (LYG-02) Lygeo-Stipetalia tenacissimae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Relict Mediterranean edaphic steppes on deep clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lygeo-Stipetalia tenacissimae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Synonyms

Remark

lyg12 | Unlike Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002b: 510; 2011: 286), who conceptually identified the Lygeo-Stipetalia with the Thero-Brachypodietalia (and suggested the latter name to be rejected as nomen ambiguum), we consider both orders as separate entities. We wish to underline here the ecological difference between these syntaxa and suggest that the Lygeo-Stipetalia is considered a unit of true (non-anthropogenic) relict (albeit edaphic) steppe communities, frequently found on specific, deep, clayey Miocene sediments forming 'Mediterranean badlands'. The remnants of such steppes remind us of the potentially larger distribution of such vegetation in the Mediterranean during the glacial maxima. (L. Mucina).

FF02A (LYG-02A) Agropyro pectinati-Lygeion sparti Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Relict Central Iberian edaphic steppes on deep clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agropyro pectinati-Lygeion sparti Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

FF02B (LYG-02B) Stipion tenacissimae Rivas-Mart. 1984

Relict Southern Iberian thermomediterranean edaphic steppes on deep loamy-clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipion tenacissimae Rivas-Mart. 1984

Synonyms

FF02C (LYG-02C) Moricandio-Lygeion sparti S. Brullo et al. 1990

Relict Southern Italian and Ionian thermo-mesomediterranean edaphic steppes on deep clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Moricandio-Lygeion sparti S. Brullo et al. 1990

Synonyms

FF02D (LYG-02D) Scorzonero creticae-Lygeion sparti S. Brullo et al. 2002

Relict Cretan thermomediterranean edaphic steppes on deep clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Scorzonero creticae-Lygeion sparti S. Brullo et al. 2002

Synonyms

FG (SAC) Stipo giganteae-Agrostietea castellanae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Mediterranean thermo- to supramediterranean and humid submediterranean perennial acidophilous oligo-mesotrophic grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipo giganteae-Agrostietea castellanae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

FG01 (SAC-01) Agrostietalia castellanae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1980

Iberian thermo- to supramediterranean perennial acidophilous oligo-mesotrophic pastures

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostietalia castellanae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1980

Synonyms

FG01A (SAC-01A) Festuco amplae-Agrostion castellanae Theurillat in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Ibero-Atlantic thermo- to supramediterranean acidophilous perennial grasslands on sandy-loamy soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco amplae-Agrostion castellanae Theurillat in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

FG01B (SAC-01B) Festucion merinoi Rivas-Mart. et Sánchez-Mata in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 corr. Rivas-Mart. et Sánchez-Mata in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Western Ibero-Cantabrian supramediterranean subhumid-humid acidophilous pastures on humic brown soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion merinoi Rivas-Mart. et Sánchez-Mata in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 corr. Rivas-Mart. et Sánchez-Mata in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

FG01C (SAC-01C) Agrostio castellanae-Stipion giganteae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. et Fernández-González 1991

Lusitano-Carpetanian thermo-to supramediterranean xeric-subhumid acidophilous pastures on sandy-loamy soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Agrostio castellanae-Stipion giganteae Rivas Goday ex Rivas-Mart. et Fernández-González 1991

Synonyms

FG02 (SAC-02) Parafestucetalia albidae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001

Silicicolous perennial grasslands on shallow andosols on rocky outcrops of the supratemperate hyperhumid regions of Madeira

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Parafestucetalia albidae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2001

Synonyms

FG02A (SAC-02A) Deschampsio maderensis-Parafestucion albidae Capelo et al. 2000

Silicicolous perennial grasslands on shallow andosols on rocky outcrops of the supratemperate hyperhumid regions of Madeira

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Deschampsio maderensis-Parafestucion albidae Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

FG03 (SAC-03) Armerietalia rumelicae V. Ranđelović et N. Ranđelović in V. Ranđelović et Zlatković ex Mucina et Čarni in Di Pietro et al. 2015

South-Central Balkan supratemperate submediterranean silicicolous perennial grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerietalia rumelicae V. Ranđelović et N. Ranđelović in V. Ranđelović et Zlatković ex Mucina et Čarni in Di Pietro et al. 2015

Synonyms

FG03A (SAC-03A) Armerio rumelicae-Potentillion Micevski 1978

South-Central Balkan supratemperate submediterranean silicicolous perennial grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerio rumelicae-Potentillion Mitsevski 1978

Synonyms

FH (BUL) Poetea bulbosae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1978

Mediterranean and Magrebinian seasonal perennial and ephemeroid pastures in the thermo- to oromediterranean belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poetea bulbosae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1978

Synonyms

Remark

bul01 | This vegetation type has been well studied only on the Iberian Peninsula and our current knowledge of its geographic variability and extent remains only anecdotal in other parts of the Mediterranean. Besides Provence (Aubert & Loisel 1972) and Southern Italy (Brullo & Grillo 1978), the communities of this class have also been studied in Hellas (Oberdorfer 1954; L. Mucina, unpubl. data). (L. Mucina).

FH01 (BUL-01) Poetalia bulbosae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970

Mediterranean and Maghrebinian seasonal perennial and ephemeroid pastures in the thermo- to oromediterranean belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poetalia bulbosae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970

Synonyms

FH01A (BUL-01A) Trifolio subterranei-Periballion minutae Rivas Goday 1964

Central and Western Iberian heavily grazed seasonal perennial pastures on acidic substrates in the thermo- to oromediterranean belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolio subterranei-Periballion minutae Rivas Goday 1964

Synonyms

FH01B (BUL-01B) Plantaginion serrariae Galán de Mera et al. 2000

Southern Iberian and Magrebinian seasonal perennial pastures on basic clayey soils in the thermo- and mesomediterranean belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantaginion serrariae Galán de Mera et al. 2000

Synonyms

FH01C (BUL-01C) Poo bulbosae-Astragalion sesamei Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970

Central and Eastern Iberian heavily grazed seasonal perennial pastures on calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poo bulbosae-Astragalion sesamei Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970

Synonyms

FH01D (BUL-01D) Ornithogalo corsici-Trifolion subterranei (Farris et al. 2013) Farris et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Sardinian meso-supramediterranean heavily grazed perennial sheep pastures

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ornithogalo corsici-Trifolion subterranei (Farris et al. 2013) Farris et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

bul04 | This syntaxon was described in great detail by Farris et al. (2013) and ranked as a new suballiance within the Periballio-Trifolion subterranei. Here we recognise the large floristic differences between the Periballio-Trifolion subterranei and the Ornithogalo corsici-Trifolenion subterranei (as already alluded to in Farris et al. 2013: 942) and up-rank the latter to the rank of alliance. We list Crocus minimus, Gagea bohemica, Morisia monanthos, Ornithogalum corsicum, Romulea requieni and Veronica verna subsp. brevistyla as the character-taxa of the new alliance; we also recognise the Ornithogalo corsici-Poetum bulbosae Farris et al. 2013 as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the alliance. (E. Farris, L. Mucina).

FH01E (BUL-01E) Plantaginion cupanii S. Brullo et Grillo 1978

Siculo-Calabrian supramediterranean mesic seasonal perennial pastures on calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantaginion cupanii S. Brullo et Grillo 1978

Synonyms

FH01F (BUL-01F) Romuleion Oberd. 1954

Macedonian seasonal perennial pastures on acidic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Romuleion Oberd. 1954

Synonyms

FI (TUB) Helianthemetea guttati Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963

Mediterranean and submediterranean-atlantic annual low-grown ephemeral herb- and grass-rich vegetation on acidic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helianthemetea guttati Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963

Synonyms

FI01 (TUB-01) Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Mediterranean and submediterranean-atlantic inland ephemeral vegetation on nutrient-poor shallow acidic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helianthemetalia guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Synonyms

Remark

tub02 | Delimitation of this order against the Thero-Airetalia (Koelerio-Corynephoretea) needs further study since alliances such as the Molinerion laevis Br.-Bl. et al. 1952 and the Sedion pedicellato-andegavensis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986 show a high level of floristic similarity with the Thero-Airetalia. (J. Dengler).

FI01A (TUB-01A) Helianthemion guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Thermo- to supramediterranean therophytic pastures on nutrient-poor sandy soils of the Western Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helianthemion guttati Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940

Synonyms

FI01B (TUB-01B) Crassulo tillaeae-Sedion caespitosi de Foucault 1999

Thermo- to supramediterranean succulent herblands on nutrient-poor sandy soils of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crassulo tillaeae-Sedion caespitosi de Foucault 1999

Synonyms

FI01C (TUB-01C) Molinerion laevis Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Silicicolous meso- to oromediterranean therophytic late-flowering pastures of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Molinerion laevis Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Synonyms

FI01D (TUB-01D) Sedion pedicellato-andegavensis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986

Meso- to oromediterranean succulent annual vegetation on fine gravels and granitic outcrops of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedion pedicellato-andegavensis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1986

Synonyms

FI01E (TUB-01E) Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1972

Submediterranean silicicolous therophytic swards of Macedonia and Southern Bulgaria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1972

Synonyms

FI01F (TUB-01F) Sclerantho-Myosotidion incrassatae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Central and Eastern Mediterranean silicicolous supra-oromediterranean therophytic vegetation

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sclerantho-Myositidion incrassatae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

FI01G (TUB-01G) Thymion micantis J.C. Costa et al. 2005

Pioneer spring and early summer ephemeral vegetation on acidic oligotrophic shallow soils of Madeira

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thymion micantis J.C. Costa et al. 2005

Synonyms

FI01H (TUB-01H) Ornithopodo pinnati-Gaudinion coarctatae Fernández Prieto et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Pioneer spring and early summer ephemeral vegetation on acidic oligotrophic shallow soils of the Azores

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ornithopodo pinnati-Gaudinion coarctatae Fernández Prieto et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

FI02 (TUB-02) Vulpietalia Pignatti 1953

Mediterranean and Ibero-Atlantic ephemeral therophytic vegetation on coastal sand dunes under influence of salt spray

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vulpietalia Pignatti 1953

Synonyms

FI02A (TUB-02A) Linarion pedunculatae Díez Garretas et al. in Izco et al. 1988

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on coastal dunes of the Atlantic seaboards of Portugal, the Southern Iberian Peninsula and Western Maghreb

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Linarion pedunculatae Díez Garretas et al. in Izco et al. 1988

Synonyms

FI02B (TUB-02B) Alkanno-Maresion nanae Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963 corr. Díez Garretas et al. 2001

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on coastal dunes of the Northern Iberian Peninsula and the Ligurian-Tyrrhenian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alkanno-Maresion nanae Rivas Goday in Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963 corr. Díez Garretas et al. 2001

Synonyms

FI02C (TUB-02C) Psammo-Vulpion Pignatti 1953

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on coastal dunes along the northern seaboards of the Adriatic Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Psammo-Vulpion Pignatti 1953

Synonyms

FI02D (TUB-02D) Vulpio-Lotion Horvatić 1963

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on the terra rossa and decalcified soils of the Illyrian-Dinaric coastal regions

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vulpio-Lotion Horvatić 1963

Synonyms

Remark

tub07 | The syntaxonomic relationship between this unit and the Psammo-Vulpion should be subject to further scrutiny. (L. Mucina).

FI02E (TUB-02E) Maresion nanae Géhu et al. 1987

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on coastal dunes of the Northern Aegean region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Maresion nanae Géhu et al. 1987

Synonyms

FI02F (TUB-02F) Medicagini-Triplachnion nitentis Mayer 1995

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on sandy and gravelly beaches of the Southern Aegean region and Anatolia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Medicagini-Triplachnion nitentis Mayer 1995

Synonyms

FI02G (TUB-02G) Ononidion tournefortii Géhu et al. 1996

Ephemeral therophytic vegetation on coastal sandy soils of the Canary Islands and southwestern Morocco

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ononidion tournefortii Géhu et al. 1996

Synonyms

FI03 (TUB-03) Malcolmietalia Rivas Goday 1958

Mediterranean ephemeral therophytic vegetation on near-coastal and inland deep sandy soils outside the salt-spray influence

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Malcolmietalia Rivas Goday 1958

Synonyms

FI03A (TUB-03A) Anthyllido hamosae-Malcolmion lacerae Rivas Goday 1958

Thermomediterranean sandy ephemeral therophytic vegetation on sandy soils of the western and southwestern regions of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthyllido hamosae-Malcolmion lacerae Rivas Goday 1958

Synonyms

FI03B (TUB-03B) Corynephoro articulati-Malcolmion patulae Rivas Goday 1958

Meso- to lower supramediterranean ephemeral therophytic vegetation on inland sand dunes of the Western Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Corynephoro articulati-Malcolmion patulae Rivas Goday 1958

Synonyms

FI03C (TUB-03C) Corynephorion maritimi Costa, Pinto-Gomes, Neto et Rivas-Mart. in J.C. Costa et al. 2012

Thermo- and lower mesomediterranean ephemeral therophytic vegetation on inland palaeodunes of the Lusitanian-Andalusian and Galician-Portuguese regions

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Corynephorion maritimi Costa, Pinto-Gomes, Neto et Rivas-Mart. in J.C. Costa et al. 2012

Synonyms

FI03E (TUB-03E) Filagini asterisciflorae-Linarion humilis Minissale et Sciandrello 2015

Thermomediterranean ephemeral therophytic vegetation on fossil dunes of Southern Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Filagini asterisciflorae-Linarion humilis Minissale et Sciandrello 2015

Synonyms

FJ (TRA) Stipo-Trachynietea distachyae S. Brullo in S. Brullo et al. 2001

Mediterranean calciphilous annual and ephemeroid swards and grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipo-Trachynietea distachyae S. Brullo in S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

Remark

tra01 | The therophyte-rich dwarf-herb and low-grass communities on calcareous substrates have been relatively well studied in the Western Mediterranean (including the Tyrrhenian region), but they remain only poorly known in the Eastern Mediterranean. Only recently have some alliances have been described from Italy (Vulpio ciliatae-Crepidion neglectae Poldini 1989, Hypochoeridion achyrophori Biondi et Guerra 2008), but their syntaxonomic relationship to the Western Mediterranean units remains unclear. We may presume that phytogeographic criteria may play a major role in the syntaxonomic subdivision of this order, yet how these vegetation types are differentiated along major environmental gradients is not well understood. (L. Mucina).

FJ01 (TRA-01) Brachypodietalia distachyi Rivas-Mart. 1978

Western Mediterranean ephemeral winter pastures on shallow sandy and loamy soils over limestone, dolomite and gypsum

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Brachypodietalia distachyi Rivas-Mart. 1978

Synonyms

FJ01A (TRA-01A) Trachynion distachyae Rivas-Mart. 1978

Western Mediterranean ephemeral winter pastures on shallow skeletal base-rich soils over calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trachynion distachyae Rivas-Mart. 1978

Synonyms

Remark

tra02 | Rivas-Martínez (1978b: 59, 64) explicitly cited 'Thero-Brachypodion (Trachynion) Br.-Bl. 1925 em.', however he has not cited 'Braun-Blanquet (1925)' in the references of his paper. (L. Mucina).

FJ01B (TRA-01B) Stipion retortae O. de Bolòs 1957

Western Mediterranean ephemeral winter pastures on loamy soils over calcareous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipion retortae O. de Bolòs 1957

Synonyms

FJ01C (TRA-01C) Sedo-Ctenopsion gypsophilae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Izco 1974

Iberian ephemeral winter pastures on gypsum substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sedo-Ctenopsion gypsophilae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Izco 1974

Synonyms

FJ01D (TRA-01D) Omphalodion commutatae Rivas-Mart., Izco et M. Costa ex Izco 1976 corr. Pérez Raya et al. 1991

Betic (Southern Iberian) ephemeral winter pastures on magnesitic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Omphalodion commutatae Rivas-Mart., Izco et M. Costa ex Izco 1976 corr. Pérez Raya et al. 1991

Synonyms

FJ02 (TRA-02) Ptilostemono stellati-Vulpietalia ciliatae Mucina ined.

Central and Eastern Mediterranean therophytic swards on shallow sandy and loamy soils over limestone and gypsum substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ptilostemono stellati-Vulpietalia ciliatae Mucina ined.

Synonyms

FJ02A (TRA-02A) Vulpio ciliatae-Crepidion neglectae Poldini 1989

Therophytic swards on disturbed calcareous rubble-rich shallow soils of the Adriatic and Ionian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vulpio ciliatae-Crepidion neglectae Poldini 1989

Synonyms

FJ02B (TRA-02B) Vulpion ligusticae Aubert et Loisel 1971

Therophytic grasslands on base-rich shallow soils of the Ligurian-Tyrrhenian seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Vulpion ligusticae Aubert et Loisel 1971

Synonyms

FJ02C (TRA-02C) Onobrychido-Ptilostemonion stellati S. Brullo et al. 2001

Therophytic calciphilous herb-rich swards of Calabria and Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Onobrychido-Ptilostemonion stellati S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

Remark

tra05 | Brullo et al. (2001a) classified this unit within the Stipo-Bupleuretalia semicompositi. (L. Mucina).

FJ02D (TRA-02D) Xeranthemion annui Oberd. 1954

Therophyte-rich calciphilous swards in abandoned fields of the Northern Aegean seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Xeranthemion annui Oberd. 1954

Synonyms

FJ02E (TRA-02E) Diantho humilis-Velezion rigidae KorzhenevskII et Kliukin ex Didukh et Mucina 2014

Therophytic calciphilous swards of submediterranean Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Diantho humilis-Velezion rigidae KorzhenevskII et Kliukin ex Didukh et Mucina 2014

Synonyms

FJ03 (TRA-03) Stipo-Bupleuretalia semicompositi S. Brullo in S. Brullo et al. 2001

Southern Mediterranean xerophilous and subhalophilous therophytic swards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipo-Bupleuretalia semicompositi S. Brullo in S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

Remark

tra06 | This order is closely related to the Saginetea maritimae and perhaps best treated in that class. (E. Bergmeier).

FJ03A (TRA-03A) Plantagini-Catapodion marini S. Brullo 1985

Tyrrhenian subhalophilous xerophilous therophytic swards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantagini-Catapodion marini S. Brullo 1985

Synonyms

FJ03B (TRA-03B) Dauco-Catananchion luteae S. Brullo 1985

Siculo-Calabrian subhalophilous therophytic swards on loamy-clayey soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dauco-Catananchion luteae S. Brullo 1985

Synonyms

FK (PEG) Pegano harmalae-Salsoletea vermiculatae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Mediterranean and Macaronesian semi-desertic halo-nitrophilous scrub in hyperarid coastal habitats

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pegano harmalae-Salsoletea vermiculatae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958

Synonyms

FK01 (PEG-01) Salsolo vermiculatae-Peganetalia harmalae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1954

Mediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub of semi-desertic inland regions and hyperarid seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salsolo vermiculatae-Peganetalia harmalae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1954

Synonyms

FK01A (PEG-01A) Salsolo vermiculatae-Peganion harmalae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1954

Meso-supramediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub on clayey soils of semi-desertic subcontinental regions of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salsolo vermiculatae-Peganion harmalae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1954

Synonyms

FK01B (PEG-01B) Haloxylo-Atriplicion Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Rigual 1972

Thermo-mesomediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub on well-drained soils of the Southern Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Haloxylo-Atriplicion Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Rigual 1972

Synonyms

FK01C (PEG-01C) Salsolo oppositifoliae-Suaedion fruticosae Rigual 1972

Infra-thermomediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub on clayey soils of arid regions of the Western Mediterranean and the southern regions of the Central Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salsolo oppositifoliae-Suaedion fruticosae Rigual 1972

Synonyms

FK01D (PEG-01D) Lycio europaei-Ipomoeion purpureae O. de Bolòs ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Thermomediterranean halo-nitrophilous xeric thorny scrub on loamy soils of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lycio europaei-Ipomoeion purpureae O. de Bolòs ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

peg04 | De Bolòs (1988: 31) suggested a new alliance, the Lycio europaei-Ipomoeion purpureae and classified here the Pharbitidi-Lycietum europaei (de Bolòs 1962: 176) as the only association; this association serves then automatically as the holotypus of the alliance. However, as stated by the IPCN art. 8: “from 1/1/1980 the original diagnosis is sufficient only when the character and/or differential species of the syntaxon are also explicitly indicated.” This condition was not met in the protologue of the Lycio europaei-Ipomoeion purpureae. Ninot et al. (2012) have also failed to provide such a list of diagnostic taxa and therefore, I here list Lycium europaeum and Ipomoea purpurea as the diagnostic species of the Lycio europaei-Ipomoeion purpureae, and thus validate the alliance name. (L. Mucina).

FK01E (PEG-01E) Artemision arborescentis Géhu et al. 1986

Thermo-mesomediterranean subnitrophilous coastal scrub of the Southern Apennine Peninsula and Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemision arborescentis Géhu et al. 1986

Synonyms

FK01F (PEG-01F) Atriplici halimi-Suaedion verae Géhu et al. ex Bergmeier et Dimopoulos 2003

Thermomediterranean halo-nitrophilous scrub on coastal dunes and cliffs of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Atriplici halimi-Suaedion verae Géhu et al. ex Bergmeier et Dimopoulos 2003

Synonyms

FK01G (PEG-01G) Medicagini citrinae-Lavaterion arboreae O. de Bolòs et Vigo in O. de Bolòs et al. 1984

Thermomediterranean ornitho-coprophilous coastal semiarid scrub of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Medicagini citrinae-Lavaterion arboreae O. de Bolòs et Vigo in O. de Bolòs et al. 1984

Synonyms

Remark

peg06 | Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 241) suggested classifying this alliance within the Brassico oleraceae-Lavateretalia arboreae. See also Remark cri11. (L. Mucina).

FK02 (PEG-02) Helichryso stoechadis-Santolinetalia squarrosae Peinado et Martínez-Parras 1984

Iberian thermo- to oromediterranean subnitrophilous and nitrophilous chamaephytic scrub on degraded soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helichryso stoechadis-Santolinetalia squarrosae Peinado et Martínez-Parras 1984

Synonyms

FK02A (PEG-02A) Artemisio glutinosae-Santolinion rosmarinifoliae M. Costa 1975

Ibero-Atlantic meso- to oromediterranean subnitrophilous and nitrophilous chamaephytic scrub on degraded deep acidic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio glutinosae-Santolinion rosmarinifoliae M. Costa 1975

Synonyms

FK02B (PEG-02B) Santolinion pectinato-canescentis Peinado et Martínez-Parras 1984

Iberian thermo- to supramediterranean subnitrophilous and nitrophilous chamaephytic scrub on basic degraded soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Santolinion pectinato-canescentis Peinado et Martínez-Parras 1984

Synonyms

FK03 (PEG-03) Chenoleetalia tomentosae Sunding 1972

Infra-thermomediterranean arid low scrub on sandy soils of the Canary Islands and the western seaboards of the Sahara

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chenoleetalia tomentosae Sunding 1972

Synonyms

FK03A (PEG-03A) Chenoleion tomentosae Sunding 1972

Infra-thermomediterranean arid low scrub on sandy soils of the Canary Islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Chenoleion tomentosae Sunding 1972

Synonyms

FK04 (PEG-04) Forsskaoleo angustifoliae-Rumicetalia lunariae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Canaro-Madeiran infra-mesomediterranean halo-nitrophilous chamaephytic scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Forsskaoleo angustifoliae-Rumicetalia lunariae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

FK04A (PEG-04A) Artemisio thusculae-Rumicion lunariae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Canarian infra- to mesomediterranean halo-nitrophilous low scrub of regions of semiarid to subhumid climate

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio thusculae-Rumicion lunariae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

FK04B (PEG-04B) Launaeo arborescentis-Schizogynion sericeae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Canarian inframediterranean halo-nitrophilous arid scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Launaeo arborescentis-Schizogynion sericeae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

FK04C (PEG-04C) Argyranthemo succulenti-Calendulion maderensis Capelo et al. 2000

Madeiran halo-nitrophilous coastal low scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Argyranthemo succulenti-Calendulion maderensis Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

FK04D (PEG-04D) Nicotiano glaucae-Ricinion communis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Western Mediterranean and Canarian infra-thermomediterranean arid neophyte-dominated tall scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Nicotiano glaucae-Ricinion communis Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

FL (IND) Festucetea indigestae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1971

Iberian and North African xerophilous silicicolous fescue grasslands in the supra- to cryomediterranean belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucetea indigestae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1971

Synonyms

FL01 (IND-01) Festucetalia indigestae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1964

Iberian oro-cryomediterranean xerophilous silicicolous fescue grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucetalia indigestae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1964

Synonyms

Remark

ind01 | For the reasoning that underpins the name correction, see Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 473). However, since Festuca indigesta subsp. curvifolia is currently recognised as a valid subspecies concept within F. indigesta (see www.emplantsbase.org), the name correction does not appear to be necessary. (L. Mucina).

FL01A (IND-01A) Teesdaliopsio confertae-Luzulion caespitosae Rivas-Mart. 1987

Northern Iberian oro-cryomediterranean xerophilous silicicolous grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Teesdaliopsio confertae-Luzulion caespitosae Rivas-Mart. 1987

Synonyms

FL01B (IND-01B) Jasionion carpetanae González-Albo 1941

Central Iberian oro-cryomediterranean xerophilous silicicolous fescue grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Jasionion carpetanae González-Albo 1941

Synonyms

Remark

ind02 | González-Albo (1941) has validly described the Staticetum caespitosae, the automatic holotypus of the alliance Jasionion carpetanae. The latter alliance was syntaxonomically identified (by placement into synonymy) as the Minuartio bigerrensis-Festucion curvifoliae Rivas-Mart. 1964 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011. The only reason for placement of the Jasionion carpetanae into the synonymy was the assumption that the Jasionion carpetanae should be considered a nomen ambiguum (ICPN art. 37), a case still lacking convincing proof. Interestingly, the Staticetum caespitosae has not been listed as one of the associations of the Minuartio-Festucion curvifolae by Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 268−169) despite otherwise very comprehensive accounts of associations in all alliances handled in the latter paper. Due to lack of proper arguments proving the name Jasionion carpetanae illegitimate, technically the latter name remains the valid and current name for this syntaxonomic concept until proven otherwise. (L. Mucina).

FL01C (IND-01C) Ptilotrichion purpurei Quézel 1953

Sierra Nevadan (Southern Iberian Peninsula) oro-cryomediterraneanchamaephyte-rich xerophilous silicicolous grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ptilotrichion purpurei Quézel 1953

Synonyms

FL02 (IND-02) Jasiono sessiliflorae-Koelerietalia crassipedis Rivas-Mart. et Cantó 1987

Iberian supra-oromediterranean and submediterranean silicicolous grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Jasiono sessiliflorae-Koelerietalia crassipedis Rivas-Mart. et Cantó 1987

Synonyms

FL02A (IND-02A) Hieracio castellani-Plantaginion radicatae Rivas-Mart. et Cantó 1987

Eastern and Northern Iberian supra-oromediterranean and submediterranean xerophilous silicicolous grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hieracio castellani-Plantaginion radicatae Rivas-Mart. et Cantó 1987

Synonyms

FL02B (IND-02B) Armerion eriophyllae Pinto da Silva 1970

Northern Portuguese and Galician grasslands on ultramafic outcrops in the supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerion eriophyllae Pinto da Silva 1970

Synonyms

FL02C (IND-02C) Thymion serpylloidis Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1965

Southern Iberian silicicolous grasslands in the supra-oromediterranean and supra-orotemperate belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Thymion serpylloidis Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1965

Synonyms

FM (PIL) Saginetea piliferae Gamisans 1975

Relict oromediterranean silicicolous swards of Corsica and Sardinia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saginetea piliferae Gamisans 1975

Synonyms

FM01 (PIL-01) Saginetalia piliferae Gamisans 1975

Relict oromediterranean silicicolous swards of Corsica and Sardinia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saginetalia piliferae Gamisans 1975

Synonyms

FM01A (PIL-01A) Sesamoido pygmaeae-Poion violaceae Gamisans 1975

Relict oromediterranean silicicolous swards of Corsica and Sardinia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sesamoido pygmaeae-Poion violaceae Gamisans 1975

Synonyms

FN (RUM) Rumici-Astragaletea siculi Pignatti et Nimis in E. Pignatti et al. 1980

Siculo-Calabrian oromediterranean and upper mesomediterranean pulvinate scrub and related grasslands on siliceous substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumici-Astragaletea siculi Pignatti et Nimis in E. Pignatti et al. 1980

Synonyms

Remark

rum01 | The content of this class was considered by Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 311) as a part of the Cisto-Lavanduletea, but no new evidence of this was submitted. (L. Mucina).

FN01 (RUM-01) Rumici-Astragaletalia siculi Pignatti et Nimis in in E. Pignatti et al. 1980

Upper meso- to oromediterranean xeric scrub on siliceous volcanic substrates of Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumici-Astragaletalia siculi Pignatti et Nimis in in E. Pignatti et al. 1980

Synonyms

FN01A (RUM-01A) Rumici-Astragalion siculi Poli 1965

Oromediterranean xeric pulvinate scrub on siliceous volcanic substrates of Etna (Sicily)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rumici-Astragalion siculi Poli 1965

Synonyms

Remark

rum02 | Biondi (2000: 129) preferred to classify this syntaxonomic concept within the Carici-Genistetalia lobelii Klein 1972 and further within the Rosmarinetea. (L. Mucina).

FN01B (RUM-01B) Armerion nebrodensis S. Brullo 1984

Upper meso-oromediterranean silicicolous pulvinate scrub and related grasslands of Nebrodi (Sicily)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerion nebrodensis S. Brullo 1984

Synonyms

FN02 (RUM-02) Anthemidetalia calabricae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Upper meso- to oromediterranean silicicolous pulvinate scrub and related grasslands of Calabria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthemidetalia calabricae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

FN02A (RUM-02A) Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici Giacomini et Gentile ex S. Brullo 2005

Mesomediterranean silicicolous pulvinate scrub and related grasslands of Sila (Calabria)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Koelerio brutiae-Astragalion calabrici Giacomini et Gentile ex S. Brullo 2005

Synonyms

Remark

rum03 | This unit has experienced a turbulent past regarding its syntaxonomic position (e.g. Giacomini & Gentile 1961; Barbero & Bonin 1969; Bonin 1978; Pignatti et al. 1980; de Foucault 1994; Brullo et al. 2004). As presented in our paper, this concept follows the syntaxonomic synthesis by Brullo et al. (2005). (L. Mucina).

FN02B (RUM-02B) Armerion aspromontanae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Mesomediterranean silicicolous pulvinate scrub and related grasslands of Aspromonte (Calabria)

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Armerion aspromontanae S. Brullo et al. 2001

Synonyms

FO (ANA) Trifolio anatolici-Polygonetea arenastri Quézel 1973

Oromediterranean, slightly chionophilous mat-grass swards of Eastern Anatolia, Sterea Hellas, Southern Macedonia and Bulgaria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolio anatolici-Polygonetea arenastri Quézel 1973

Synonyms

Remark

ana01 | The oro-mediterranean chionophilous mat-grass swards of the Trifolio-Polygonetea (Quézel 1973) are an ecological analogon to the Salicetea herbaceae, yet occurring at high altitudes of mountain ranges embedded within the Eastern Mediterranean or in some marginal ranges surrounded by the submediterraneean regions of the southwestern Balkans (Rila, Pirin, and possibly also some high mountain ranges of Macedonia). This vegetation occurs in depressions carrying snow cover longer than the surrounding alpine and/or oromediterranean grasslands, yet due to shallow, skeletal soils the habitats appear extremely dry during high-radiation summer. The ecological and geographical optimum of this class is in Anatolia (Turkey) but marginally some communities are reaching Europe, especially in Sterea Hellas and in the Macedonian-Bulgarian-Hellenic border triangle. The Trifolion parnassi (Trifolietalia parnassi; Quézel 1964), formerly classified wthin the Juncetea trifidi (or 'Caricetea curvulae'), belongs here as well as some communities with Alopecurus gerrardi, misplaced in the Salicetea herbaceae (e.g. Omalotheco-Alopecuretum gerrardi; Mucina et al. 1990). Some other communities listed as belonging to the Trifolio-Polygonetea, for instance by Lovrić & Rac (1989), do not qualify (see Mucina in Chytrý et al. 2015). At this stage, I fail to recognise the virtue of considering the Trifolio-Polygonetea as synonymous to the Anatolian Astragalo-Brometea as suggested by Parolly (2004). The taxonomic identity of 'Polygonum arenastrum' (one of the eponymous species) should be challenged. (L. Mucina).

FO01 (ANA-01) Trifolietalia parnassii Quézel 1964

Oromediterranean slightly chionophilous mat-grass swards of Sterea Hellas, Southern Macedonia and Bulgaria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolietalia parnassii Quézel 1964

Synonyms

FO01A (ANA-01A) Trifolion parnassii Quézel 1964

Oromediterranean slightly chionophilous mat-grass swards of Sterea Hellas, Southern Macedonia and Bulgaria

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Trifolion parnassii Quézel 1964

Synonyms

FP (ONO) Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Submediterranean submontane-montane and oromediterranean dry grasslands and related dwarf scrub on calcareous substrates of the Iberian Peninsula, the Western Alps and the Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

Remark

ono01 | This class replaces the Elyno-Seslerietea at high altitudes of the submediterranean zone (supratemperate belts) of the Cantabrian Mountains, Pyrenees, Western Alps, central Apennine Peninsula and Sicily as well as in analogous meso- and oromediterranean altitudinal belts of the Mediterranean mountain ranges of the Northern Iberian Peninsula, southern regions of the Apennine Peninsula and Sicily. The inclusion of the Apennine and Sicilian units within this class is unprecedented. (L. Mucina).

FP01 (ONO-01) Festuco hystricis-Poetalia ligulatae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963

Supra-oromediterranean dry calcicolous grasslands and low scrub of the northern and central regions of the Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festuco hystricis-Poetalia ligulatae Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. 1963

Synonyms

FP01A (ONO-01A) Festucion burnatii Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Mayor et al. 1973

Cantabrian submediterranean montane-subalpine grasslands on calcareous lithosols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion burnatii Rivas Goday et Rivas-Mart. ex Mayor et al. 1973

Synonyms

FP01B (ONO-01B) Sideritido fontquerianae-Arenarion microphyllae Rivas Goday et Borja 1961 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Castilian-Oroiberian supra-oromediterranean grasslands on calcareous and ultramafic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sideritido fontquerianae-Arenarion microphyllae Rivas Goday et Borja 1961 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

Remark

ono02 | In the name 'Sideritido pulvinatae-Arenarion aggregatae Rivas Goday et Borja 1961', Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002a: 244) corrected both name-giving taxa, namely 'Sideritis glacialis var. pulvinata Font Quer' (recte: Sideritis glacialis Boiss.; var. pulvinata is a nomen nudum) and Arenaria aggregata subsp. erinacea Boiss., by S. glacialis subsp. fontqueriana Obón & D. Rivera and A. aggregata subsp. microphylla (Pau) Riv.-Mart. & Costa, respectively. (J.-P. Theurillat, H. Weber, R. G. García, L. Mucina). Valls (2003: 146) suggested classifying this alliance within the Thero-Brachypodietalia. (L. Mucina, J.-P. Theurillat).

FP01C (ONO-01C) Plantagini discoloris-Thymion mastigophori Molina et Izco 1989

Cantabrian and Castilian supramediterranean low scrub on calcareous soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantagini discoloris-Thymion mastigophori Molina et Izco 1989

Synonyms

Remark

ono04 | For analysis of the nomenclature of this alliance see Molina & Izco (1989). (L. Mucina).

FP01D (ONO-01D) Seselio granatensis-Festucion hystricis Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Betic (Southern Iberian) supra-oromediterranean low scrub on calcareous lithosols

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seselio granatensis-Festucion hystricis Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

FP02 (ONO-02) Ononidetalia striatae Br.-Bl. 1950

Submediterranean submontane-montane dry calcicolous grasslands and related dwarf scrub of the Western Alps, the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian Mountains

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ononidetalia striatae Br.-Bl. 1950

Synonyms

Remark

ono05 | Two large-scale syntaxonomic overviews by Theurillat et al. (1995: Alps) and Bardat et al. (2004: France) from the main distribution range of this vegetation type support the proposal of Royer (1991) to classify the Ononidetalia striatae within the Festuco-Brometea. (J. Dengler, L. Mucina).

FP02A (ONO-02A) Ononidion striatae Br.-Bl. et Susplugas 1937

Submediterranean montane dry calcicolous grasslands of the Eastern Pyrenees and the Catalano-Valencian region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ononidion striatae Br.-Bl. et Susplugas 1937

Synonyms

FP02B (ONO-02B) Ononidion cristatae Royer 1991

Submediterranean montane dry calcicolous grasslands of the southwestern Western Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ononidion cristatae Royer 1991

Synonyms

FP02C (ONO-02C) Festucion scopariae Br.-Bl. 1948

Submediterranean montane to subalpine calcicolous dry pastures of the Central and Eastern Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion scopariae Br.-Bl. 1948

Synonyms

FP02D (ONO-02D) Avenion sempervirentis Barbero 1968

Submediterranean montane dry calcicolous grasslands of the Maritime and Ligurian Alps

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Avenion sempervirentis Barbero 1968

Synonyms

Remark

ono08 | These communities form a syntaxonomic transition between the Elyno-Seslerietea and the Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae. (J.-P. Theurillat, L. Mucina).

FP02E (ONO-02E) Genistion lobelii Molinier 1934

Submediterranean submontane-montane calcicolous low scrub of Provence, the Cevennes and the Catalano-Valencian region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genistion lobelii Molinier 1934

Synonyms

FP02F (ONO-02F) Echinospartion horridi Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991

Submediterranean montane-subalpine calcicolous low scrub of the Aragonian region of the Pyrenees

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Echinospartion horridi Rivas-Mart. et al. 1991

Synonyms

FP02G (ONO-02G) Genistion occidentalis Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Submediterranean Cantabro-Castilian submontane to subalpine calcicolous low scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Genistion occidentalis Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Synonyms

FP02H (ONO-02H) Lavandulo angustifoliae-Genistion cinereae Barbero et al. 1974

Supramediterranean calcicolous low scrub of Southern France

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lavandulo angustifoliae-Genistion cinereae Barbero et al. 1974

Synonyms

FP03 (ONO-03) Erysimo-Jurineetalia bocconei S. Brullo 1984

Submediterranean xeric calcicolous grasslands on skeletal soils of the Apennine Peninsula and in the oromediterranean belt of Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Erysimo-Jurineetalia bocconei S. Brullo 1984

Synonyms

FP03A (ONO-03A) Alyssion bertolonii E. Pignatti et Pignatti 1977

Meso-supramediterranean ultramafic scrub of Northern Tuscany, Liguria and the Northern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alyssion bertolonii E. Pignatti et Pignatti 1977

Synonyms

FP03B (ONO-03B) Cytiso spinescentis-Saturejion montanae Pirone et Tammaro 1997

Submediterranean montane dry calciphilous grasslands rich in dwarf shrubs of the Central Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytiso spinescentis-Saturejion montanae Pirone et Tammaro 1997

Synonyms

Remark

ono14 | Alegrezza et al. (1997) and Pirone & Tammaro (1997) described (in the same issue of the journal Fitosociologia) two alliances that I consider to be syntaxonomically identical. The Cytiso spinescentis-Saturejion montanae Pirone et Tammaro 1997 takes priority over the Artemisio albae-Saturejion montanae Allegrezza et al. 1997 as the former was published in a paper preceding the latter. (L. Mucina).

FP03C (ONO-03C) Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978

Submediterranean xeric calciphilous open grasslands in the submontane and lower montane belts of the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978

Synonyms

Remark

ono15 | See Di Pietro (2011) for details on the nomenclatural issues surrounding the effective publication and validity of the Cytiso spinescentis-Bromion erecti Bonin 1978. (R. Di Pietro, L. Mucina).

FP03D (ONO-03D) Seslerio nitidae-Caricion macrolepidis Ubaldi 1997

Submediterranean upper-montane and subalpine xeric calciphilous grasslands on shallow soils of the Central and Southern Apennines

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Seslerio nitidae-Caricion macrolepidis Ubaldi 1997

Synonyms

FP03E (ONO-03E) Cerastio-Astragalion nebrodensis Pignatti et Nimis ex S. Brullo 1984

Submediterranean xeric open calciphilous grasslands on rocky soils of the Southern Apennines and in the oromediterranean belt of Sicily

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cerastio-Astragalion nebrodensis Pignatti et Nimis ex S. Brullo 1984

Synonyms

FQ (GEN) Carici-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972

Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean cushion-tragacanthic scrub and related grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici-Genistetea lobelii Klein 1972

Synonyms

Remark

gen01 | Arrigoni (1986) extended this class by the addition of scrub occurring in the meso- and supra-mediterranean belts (900–1500 m) of Sardinia, and coined a new order for this vegetation, the Teucrio-Santolinetalia Arrigoni 1986. However, the alliances included in this order, namely the Armerio sardoae-Genistion salzmannii Arrigoni 1986 (siliceous substrates) and the Polygalo-Seslerion insularis Arrigoni ex Arrigoni et Di Tommaso 1986 (calcareous substrates) show more floristic (and ecological) links to the Lavanduletalia stoechadis (Cisto-Lavanduletea) and to the Rosmarinetalia (Rosmarinetea), respectively, rather than to the endemic-rich Carici-Genistetea and have been therefore excluded from the latter class and accommodated elsewhere. The content of this class is considered by Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 311) as a part of the Cisto-Lavanduletea but without submitting new evidence to support his claim. (L. Mucina).

FQ01 (GEN-01) Carici-Genistetalia lobelii Klein 1972

Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean cushion-tragacanthic scrub and related grasslands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Carici-Genistetalia lobelii Klein 1972

Synonyms

FQ01A (GEN-01A) Anthyllidion hermanniae Klein 1972

Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean cushion-tragacanthic scrub on exposed and windy crests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthyllidion hermanniae Klein 1972

Synonyms

FQ01B (GEN-01B) Plantaginion insularis Klein 1972

Cyrno-Sardean oromediterranean grasslands in snow-carrying depressions

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantaginion insularis Klein 1972

Synonyms

FR (DAP) Daphno-Festucetea Quézel 1964

Xeric oromediterranean grasslands and cushion-tragacanthic scrub on calcareous and ultramafic substrates of the Hellenic mainland and the Aegean region

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Daphno-Festucetea Quézel 1964

Synonyms

Remark

dap01 | Festuca varia (sensu lato) is reported to occur in Hellas (Strid & Kit Tan 1991: 753). F. varia Haenke in Jacq. is an endemic species of the Central Alps (Wallosek 1999). The taxon occurring in the Daphno-Festucetea vegetation is most probably (and in most cases) F. cyllenica Boiss. & Heldr. However, taxa such as F. graeca (Hack.) Markg.-Dann., F. penzesii (Acht.) Markg.-Dann. and F. kozanensis Foggi et al. might also occur here. Until the taxonomy of this taxonomically complex group stabilises, we prefer use of the class name in its current, uncorrected form. (E. Bergmeier, L. Mucina).

FR01 (DAP-01) Daphno-Festucetalia Quézel 1964

Xeric oromediterranean grasslands and cushion-tragacanthic scrub on calcareous and ultramafic substrates of the Hellenic mainland and the Peloponissos

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Daphno-Festucetalia Quézel 1964

Synonyms

Remark

dap02 | The summit vegetation within the Astragalus angustifolius on the Aegean island of Lesvos could also be classified in the Daphno-Festucetalia. It is putatively similar to the Anatolian oromediterranean grasslands and might be considered a different alliance (or order). The oromediterranean grasslands and thorn cushion vegetation on Evvia (Euboea) should also belong to the Daphno-Festucetalia. (E. Bergmeier) See also nomenclatural Remark dap01. (L. Mucina).

FR01A (DAP-01A) Astragalo angustifolii-Seslerion coerulantis Quézel 1964

Oromediterranean xeric grasslands and cushion-tragacanthic scrub on calcareous substrates of the Hellenic mainland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astragalo angustifolii-Seslerion coerulantis Quézel 1964

Synonyms

Remark

dap03 | The name would possibly undergo a nomenclature correction, as it is highly improbable that the name-giving species in the protologue is indeed Sesleria coerulans Friv. (L. Mucina).

FR01B (DAP-01B) Eryngio multifidi-Bromion fibrosi Quézel 1964

Oromediterranean xeric grasslands and cushion-tragacanthic scrub on ophiolitic substrates of the Hellenic mainland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Eryngio multifidi-Bromion fibrosi Quézel 1964

Synonyms

FR01C (DAP-01C) Stipo pulcherrimae-Morinion persicae Quézel 1964

Oromediterranean xeric grasslands on calcareous substrates of the Peloponissos

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Stipo pulcherrimae-Morinion persicae Quézel 1964

Synonyms

FR02 (DAP-02) Saturejo spinosae-Scutellarietalia hirtae Dimopoulos et al. ex Bergmeier 2002

Xeric and subxeric oromediterranean grasslands and cushion-tragacanthic scrub on calcareous and ultramafic substrates of Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saturejo spinosae-Scutellarietalia hirtae Dimopoulos et al. ex Bergmeier 2002

Synonyms

FR02A (DAP-02A) Astragalion cretici Bergmeier 2002

Xeric oromediterranean calcicolous cushion-tragacanthic scrub of Central and Eastern Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astragalion cretici Bergmeier 2002

Synonyms

FR02B (DAP-02B) Verbascion spinosi Zaffran ex Bergmeier 2002

Xeric oromediterranean calcicolous cushion-tragacanthic scrub of Western Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Verbascion spinosi Zaffran ex Bergmeier 2002

Synonyms

FR02C (DAP-02C) Colchico cretensis-Cirsion morinifolii Bergmeier 2002

Subxeric oromediterranean swards and grasslands on stony soils of grazed dolines on high plateaus of Crete

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Colchico cretensis-Cirsion morinifolii Bergmeier 2002

Synonyms

FS (CYP) Diantho troodi-Teucrietea cyprii S. Brullo et al. 2005

Oromediterranean scrub on ultramafic substrates of Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Diantho troodi-Teucrietea cyprii S. Brullo et al. 2005

Synonyms

FS01 (CYP-01) Diantho troodi-Teucrietalia cyprii S. Brullo et al. 2005

Oromediterranean scrub on ultramafic substrates of Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Diantho troodi-Teucrietalia cyprii S. Brullo et al. 2005

Synonyms

FS01A (CYP-01A) Hyperico stenobotryos-Alyssion troodi S. Brullo et al. 2005

Oromediterranean scrub on ultramafic substrates of Cyprus

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico stenobotryos-Alyssion troodi S. Brullo et al. 2005

Synonyms

GA (KLE) Kleinio neriifoliae-Euphorbietea canariensis (Rivas Goday et Esteve 1965) Santos 1976

Macaronesian and Western Maghrebinian succulent tabaibal and cardonal on semi-desert lava beds

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kleinio neriifoliae-Euphorbietea canariensis (Rivas Goday et Esteve 1965) Santos 1976

Synonyms

GA01 (KLE-01) Kleinio neriifoliae-Euphorbietalia canariensis (Rivas Goday et Esteve 1965) Santos 1976

Macaronesian and Western Maghrebinian succulent tabaibal and cardonal on semi-desert lava beds

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kleinio neriifoliae-Euphorbietalia canariensis (Rivas Goday et Esteve 1965) Santos 1976

Synonyms

GA01A (KLE-01A) Aeonio-Euphorbion canariensis Sunding 1972

Canarian-Salvagenian primary succulent tabaibal and cardonal on semi-desert lava beds

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aeonio-Euphorbion canariensis Sunding 1972

Synonyms

GA01B (KLE-01B) Euphorbion regis-jubo-lamarckii Rivas-Mart., Wildpret, O. Rodríguez et Del Arco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Canarian seral succulent tabaibal and cardonal on semi-desert lava beds

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbion regis-jubo-lamarckii Rivas-Mart., Wildpret, O. Rodríguez et Del Arco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

GB (OLE) Oleo cerasiformis-Rhamnetea crenulatae Santos ex Rivas-Mart. 1987

Macaronesian infra-thermomediterranean semiarid and arid matorral, sparse palm groves and associated low scrub on volcanic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oleo cerasiformis-Rhamnetea crenulatae Santos ex Rivas-Mart. 1987

Synonyms

GB01 (OLE-01) Oleo cerasiformis-Rhamnetalia crenulatae Santos 1983

Macaronesian infra-thermomediterranean semiarid matorral and palm groves on volcanic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oleo cerasiformis-Rhamnetalia crenulatae Santos 1983

Synonyms

GB01A (OLE-01A) Mayteno canariensis-Juniperion canariensis Santos et F. Galván ex Santos 1983 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Canarian semiarid matorral on deep soils over volcanic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Mayteno canariensis-Juniperion canariensis Santos et F. Galván ex Santos 1983 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

GB01B (OLE-01B) Retamion rhodorhizoidis Del Arco et al. 2009

Western Canarian infra-thermomediterranean retamal on volcanic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Retamion rhodorhizoidis Del Arco et al. 2009

Synonyms

GB01C (OLE-01C) Oleo maderensis-Maytenion umbellatae Capelo et al. 2000

Madeirean infra-thermomediterranean matorral on deep soils over volcanic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Oleo maderensis-Maytenion umbellatae Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

GB01D (OLE-01D) Phoenicion canariensis Rivas-Mart. et Del Arco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Canarian semiarid sparse palm woodland on deep colluvial soils over volcanic substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Phoenicion canariensis Rivas-Mart. et Del Arco in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

GB02 (OLE-02) Cisto canariensis-Micromerietalia hyssopifoliae Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 corr. Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 2011

Macaronesian infra-thermomediterranean semiarid seral tomillar, jaral and related scrub on shallow volcanic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto canariensis-Micromerietalia hyssopifoliae Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 corr. Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 2011

Synonyms

GB02A (OLE-02A) Cisto canariensis-Micromerion hyssopifoliae Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 corr. Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 2011

Canarian semiarid seral tomillar and jaral on shallow volcanic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto canariensis-Micromerion hyssopifoliae Pérez de Paz et al. 1990 corr. Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 2011

Synonyms

GB02B (OLE-02B) Soncho ustulati-Artemision argenteae Capelo et al. 2000

Madeirean semiarid seral tomillar and related low scrub on shallow volcanic soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Soncho ustulati-Artemision argenteae Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

GC (LAU) Pruno lusitanicae-Lauretea azoricae Oberd. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1977

Macaronesian evergreen laurisilva forests and related seral matorral

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pruno lusitanicae-Lauretea azoricae Oberd. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1977

Synonyms

Remark

lau01 | This class comprises traditionally both seral scrub (Andryalo pinnatifidae-Ericetalia arboreae) and mature forest (Pruno-Lauretalia azoricae) vegetation. Undoubtedly, these units share many species, however the contrasting physiognomy, ecology (functioning) and syndynamic position of both orders does not match the modern view of the concept of class and therefore, this classification should be subject to a revision. (L. Mucina).

GC01 (LAU-01) Andryalo pinnatifidae-Ericetalia arboreae Oberd. 1965

Canarian seral matorral, retamal and erica groves in the laurisilva vegetation belt

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Andryalo pinnatifidae-Ericetalia arboreae Oberd. 1965

Synonyms

GC01A (LAU-01A) Myrico fayae-Ericion arboreae Oberd. 1965

Canarian seral ericoid matorral in the laurisilva vegetation belt

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Myrico fayae-Ericion arboreae Oberd. 1965

Synonyms

GC01B (LAU-01B) Polysticho falcinelli-Ericion arboreae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Madeirean humid tall ericoid scrub on acidic soils in the laurisilva vegetation belt

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polysticho falcinelli-Ericion arboreae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

GC01C (LAU-01C) Telino canariensis-Adenocarpion foliolosi Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Canarian genistoid retamal in the pine forest and laurisilva vegetation belts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Telino canariensis-Adenocarpion foliolosi Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

GC01D (LAU-01D) Bystropogono punctati-Telinion maderensis Capelo et al. 2000

Madeirean mid- and high-altitude retamoid scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Bystropogono punctati-Telinion maderensis Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

GC01E (LAU-01E) Euphorbion melliferae Capelo et al. 2003

Macaronesian caulirosette scrub in forests clearings in the laurisilva vegetation belt

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbion melliferae Capelo et al. 2003

Synonyms

GC02 (LAU-02) Pruno-Lauretalia azoricae Oberd. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1977

Macaronesian broad-leaved evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pruno-Lauretalia azoricae Oberd. ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1977

Synonyms

GC02A (LAU-02A) Ixantho viscosae-Laurion azoricae Oberd. ex Santos in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1977

Canarian infra-thermomediterranean subhumid-humid hyperoceanic evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ixantho viscosae-Laurion azoricae Oberd. ex Santos in Rivas-Mart. et al. 1977

Synonyms

GC02B (LAU-02B) Sibthorpio peregrinae-Clethrion arboreae Capelo et al. 2000

Madeirean hyperoceanic subhumid-humid evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sibthorpio peregrinae-Clethrion arboreae Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

GC02C (LAU-02C) Visneo mocanerae-Apollonion barbujanae Rivas-Mart. in Capelo et al. 2000

Macaronesian subhumid mesophytic evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Visneo mocanerae-Apollonion barbujanae Rivas-Mart. in Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

GD (AZO) Lauro azoricae-Juniperetea brevifoliae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Azorean broad-leaved evergreen laurisilva forests and related mantle and heath

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lauro azoricae-Juniperetea brevifoliae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

Remark

azo01 | As in the case of the Pruno lusitanicae-Lauretea azoricae, the classification of both mature forests (Frangulo azoricae-Lauretalia azoricae) and the seral (successional) vegetation associated with these forests (Ericetalia azoricae) into one class is highly contentious and calls for a revision of old, untenable traditions. (L. Mucina).

GD01 (AZO-01) Ericetalia azoricae Lüpnitz 1975

Azorean ericoid mantle and seral heath of the humid evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ericetalia azoricae Lüpnitz 1975

Synonyms

GD01A (AZO-01A) Juniperion brevifoliae Sjögren 1973

Azorean ericoid mantle and seral heath of the humid evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion brevifoliae Sjögren 1973

Synonyms

GD02 (AZO-02) Frangulo azoricae-Lauretalia azoricae Fernández Prieto, Dias et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Azorean evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frangulo azoricae-Lauretalia azoricae Fernández Prieto, Dias et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

GD02A (AZO-02A) Dryopterido azoricae-Laurion azoricae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Azorean mid- and high-latitude humid evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dryopterido azoricae-Laurion azoricae Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

GD02B (AZO-02B) Myrico fayae-Pittosporion undulati Lüpnitz 1976

Azorean low-altitude humid evergreen laurisilva forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Myrico fayae-Pittosporion undulati Lüpnitz 1976

Synonyms

GE (CAN) Cytiso-Pinetea canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969

Canarian pine forests and related juniper scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytiso-Pinetea canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969

Synonyms

GE01 (CAN-01) Cytiso-Pinetalia canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969

Canarian pine forests and related juniper scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cytiso-Pinetalia canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969

Synonyms

GE01A (CAN-01A) Cisto symphytifolii-Pinion canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969

Canarian pine forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Cisto symphyfolii-Pinion canariensis Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Esteve 1969

Synonyms

GE01B (CAN-01B) Juniperion cedri Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. in Martín Osorio et al. 2007

Canarian pine-juniper scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Juniperion cedri Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. in Martín Osorio et al. 2007

Synonyms

GF (SUP) Spartocytisetea supranubii Schönfelder et Voggenreiter 1994

Canarian high-altitude volcanic semidesert scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Spartocytisetea supranubii Schönfelder et Voggenreiter 1994

Synonyms

Remark

sup01 | According to several authors (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2002a, 2011; Brullo et al. 2008), this syntaxonomic concept should be considered a part of the Canarian pine forests of the Cytiso-Pinetea. However, this suggestion lacks both floristic as well as vegetation-structural logic. This unit is not a forest (unlike the Cytiso-Pinetea) and it is analogous to the Mediterranean retamal of the Cytisetea scopario-striati. (L. Mucina).

GF01 (SUP-01) Spartocytisetalia supranubii Schönfelder et Voggenreiter 1994

Canarian high-altitude volcanic semidesert scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Spartocytisetalia supranubii Schönfelder et Voggenreiter 1994

Synonyms

GF01A (SUP-01A) Spartocytision nubigeni Oberd. ex Esteve 1973

Canarian high-altitude volcanic semidesert scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Spartocytision nubigeni Oberd. ex Esteve 1973

Synonyms

GF01B (SUP-01B) Plantaginion webbii Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. In Martín Osorio et al. 2007

Canarian low scrub on eroding volcanic tallus, seral to retamal and pinar

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Plantaginion webbii Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. In Martín Osorio et al. 2007

Synonyms

GG (MOQ) Polycarpaeo niveae-Traganetea moquini Rivas-Mart. et Wildpret in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Canarian, Cabo Verdan and Western Saharian halophilous coastal desertic dune scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polycarpaeo niveae-Traganetea moquini Rivas-Mart. et Wildpret in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

GG01 (MOQ-01) Zygophyllo fontanesii-Polycarpaetalia niveae Santos ex Géhu et al. 1996

Canarian, Cabo Verdan and Western Saharian halophilous coastal desertic dune scrub

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Zygophyllo fontanesii-Polycarpaetalia niveae Santos ex Géhu et al. 1996

Synonyms

Remark

moq01 | Géhu (1999) prefers to classify this order within the Ammophiletea. (L. Mucina).

GG01A (MOQ-01A) Traganion moquinii Sunding 1972

Canarian, Cabo Verdan and Western Saharian halophilous scrub on stabilised coastal desertic dunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Traganion moquinii Sunding 1972

Synonyms

GG01B (MOQ-01B) Polycarpaeo niveae-Euphorbion paraliae Rivas-Mart. et Wildpret in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Canarian and Western Saharian halophilous scrub on mobile coastal desertic dunes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polycarpaeo niveae-Euphorbion paraliae Rivas-Mart. et Wildpret in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

GG01C (MOQ-01C) Euphobio paraliae-Lotion glauci Jardim et al. 2003

Dwarf scrub on stabilised coastal hind dunes of Madeira and Porto Santo

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphobio paraliae-Lotion glauci Jardim et al. 2003

Synonyms

GH (AEO) Aeonio-Greenovietea Santos 1976

Macaronesian-Madeirean chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich vegetation on volcanic rocky substrates and walls

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aeonio-Greenovietea Santos 1976

Synonyms

GH01 (AEO-01) Soncho-Sempervivetalia Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Sunding 1972

Macaronesian-Madeirean chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich vegetation of exposed volcanic rock substrates and walls

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Soncho-Sempervivetalia Rivas Goday et Esteve ex Sunding 1972

Synonyms

GH01A (AEO-01A) Soncho acaulis-Sempervivion Sunding 1972

Canarian infra-thermomediterranean arid chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich scrub on volcanic rock substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Soncho acaulis-Sempervivion Sunding 1972

Synonyms

GH01B (AEO-01B) Greenovion aureae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Western Canarian upper thermo- to supramediterranean chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich scrub on volcanic rock substrates

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Greenovion aureae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

GH01C (AEO-01C) Sinapidendro angustifolii-Aeonion glutinosi Capelo et al. 2000

Madeirean chomophytic and chasmophytic succulent-rich scrub on volcanic rock substrates and walls

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sinapidendro angustifolii-Aeonion glutinosi Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

GH02 (AEO-02) Aichryso laxi-Monanthetalia laxiflorae Santos et Reyes Betancort 2009

Canarian chomophytic herbaceous succulent-rich vegetation on shallow skeletal soils over partly shaded rocky habitats and walls

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aichryso laxi-Monanthetalia laxiflorae Santos et Reyes Betancort 2009

Synonyms

GH02A (AEO-02A) Aichryso laxi-Monanthion laxiflorae Santos et Reyes Betancort 2009

Canarian chomophytic herbaceous succulent-rich vegetation on shallow skeletal soils over partly shaded rocky habitats and walls

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Aichryso laxi-Monanthion laxiflorae Santos et Reyes Betancort 2009

Synonyms

GI (VIO) Violetea cheiranthifoliae Voggenreiter ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Canarian volcanic summit sparse herbland vegetation on pumic tallus screes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violetea cheiranthifoliae Voggenreiter ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

vio01 | These are open low-scrub and herb-rich open communities of the scree-like habitats of young lava flows at high altitudes of Pico de Teide (Teneriffe, Canary Islands) and structurally analogous to some puna vegetation types of the Andes. It is not a retamal (or any other scrub of the kind) and therefore, both ecologically and structurally this vegetation type should not be included in the Spartocytisetea supranubii. According to several authors (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2002a, 2011; Brullo et al. 2008) this vegetation should be classified as a part of the Canarian broom scrub of the Spartocytisetea supranubii or of the Canarian pine forests of the Cytiso-Pinetea. Both suggestions however lack both floristic as well as vegetation-structural logic. Herewith I validate the Voggenreiter's (1974: 165) invalid name and designate the Violetalia cheiranthifoliae Voggenreiter ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2015 (see below) as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the Violetea cheiranthifoliae. The character species of this class are identical to those listed for the Violion cheiranthifoliae and Violetalia cheiranthifoliae (see below). This vegetation is neither forest (unlike the Cytiso-Pinetea), not retamal (unlike Spartinocytisetea supranubii). (L. Mucina) ASG does not support an independent class status of the Violetea cheiranthifoliae.

GI01 (VIO-01) Violetalia cheiranthifoliae Hohenester et Welβ ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Canarian volcanic summit sparse herbland vegetation on pumic tallus screes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violetalia cheiranthifoliae Hohenester et Welβ ex Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

vio02 | The order Violetalia cheiranthifoliae was mentioned by Hohenester & Welβ (1993) who classified 'Violion cheiranthifoliae' in this order. The Violion cheiranthifoliae was described invalidly because the only association classified within the latter alliance ('Violetum cheiranthifoliae Ceb. et Ort. 51') is an invalid name; there is no direct or indirect reference to 'Ceb. et Ort. 51’ (obviously Ceballos & Ortuña 1951) in Hohenester & Welβ (1993). Herewith I designate the Violion cheiranthifoliae Voggenreiter ex Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. in Martín Osorio et al. 2007 (Phytocoenologia 37: 683), as the holotypus (hoc loco) of the Violetalia cheiranthifoliae. Viola cheiranthifolia, Echium auberianum, Silene nocteolens, Stemmacantha cynaroides and Erigeron cabrerae (see Brullo et al. 2008) are the character species of the Violion cheiranthifoliae and Violetalia cheiranthifoliae. (L. Mucina).

GI01A (VIO-01A) Violion cheiranthifoliae Voggenreiter ex Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. in Martín Osorio et al. 2007

Canarian volcanic summit sparse herbland vegetation on pumic tallus screes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Violion cheiranthifoliae Voggenreiter ex Martín Osorio, Wildpret et Rivas-Mart. in Martín Osorio et al. 2007

Synonyms

GJ (TOL) Tolpido azoricae-Holcetea rigidi Fernández Prieto et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Azorean seral non-grazed perennial grasslands on rocky denuded soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tolpido azoricae-Holcetea rigidi Fernández Prieto et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

GJ01 (TOL-01) Tolpido azoricae-Holcetalia rigidi Fernández Prieto et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Azorean seral non-grazed perennial grasslands on rocky denuded soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tolpido azoricae-Holcetalia rigidi Fernández Prieto et Aguiar in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

GJ01A (TOL-01A) Festucion francoi Lüpnitz 1976 corr. Fernández Prieto, Aguiar, J.C. Costa, Lousã et Rivas-Mart. in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Azorean mid- to high-altitude seral non-grazed perennial grasslands on rocky denuded soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Festucion francoi Lüpnitz 1976 corr. Fernández Prieto, Aguiar, J.C. Costa, Lousã et Rivas-Mart. in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

Remark

tol01 | It appears from the recent taxonomical literature that the name Festuca jubata Lowe is a misapplied name for the taxon occurring in the Azores. Fernández Prieto et al. (2008) showed that F. jubata is an endemic to Madeira and classified the Azorean plants as F. francoi. Hence Festuca jubata sensu Lüpnitz 1976 et auct., non Lowe should be called Festuca francoi Fernández Prieto, C. Aguiar, E. Dias & M.I. Gut. Fernández Prieto et al. (2012) formally published the name correction. (J.-P. Theurillat, L. Mucina).

GJ01B (TOL-01B) Tolpido succulentae-Agrostion congestiflorae Aguiar et Fernández Prieto in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Azorean low-altitude seral non-grazed perennial grasslands on rocky denuded soils

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tolpido succulentae-Agrostion congestiflorae Aguiar et Fernández Prieto in Fernández Prieto et al. 2012

Synonyms

HA (POP) Alno glutinosae-Populetea albae P. Fukarek et Fabijanić 1968

Riparian gallery forests of the Eurosiberian and Mediterranean regions

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alno glutinosae-Populetea albae P. Fukarek et Fabijanić 1968

Synonyms

Remark

pop01 | This class encompasses azonal alluvial forests of Europe, North Africa and the western regions of the Middle East. Formerly, most of the syntaxonomic content of this class was classified within the 'Querco-Fagetea', especially by Western and Central European authors, disregarding the principle of zonality/azonality. The two orders classified within this class reflect biogeographic (hence macro-climatic and evolutionary) drivers. The Alno-Fraxinetalia unites the European temperate alluvial forests, the Populetalia albae the Mediterranean gallery forests. It is commendable that Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002b) recognised this ecological paradox and attempted to remedy the situation by coining a class comprising azonal woodlands/forest and scrub. (LM) We consider the scrub sufficiently different, both physiognomically and floristically, to be considered a class in its own right (Salicetea purpureae). (L. Mucina).

HA01 (POP-01) Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1949 nom. conserv. propos.

Mediterranean and submediterranean riparian gallery forests

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1949 nom. conserv. propos.

Synonyms

Remark

pop03 | The reasons for the name conservation will be presented elsewhere. (L. Mucina).

HA01A (POP-01A) Populion albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1949

Riparian forests of the submediterranean regions of Southern France and the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Populion albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1949

Synonyms

HA01B (POP-01B) Ligustro vulgaris-Alnion glutinosae Poldini, Sburlino et Venanzoni in Biondi et al. 2015

Riparian forests of the submediterranean regions of the Northern and Central Apennine Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Ligustro vulgaris-Alnion glutinosae Poldini, Sburlino et Venanzoni in Biondi et al. 2015

Synonyms

HA01C (POP-01C) Osmundo-Alnion glutinosae (Br.-Bl. et al. 1956) Dierschke et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1975

Alder and willow riparian forests of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Osmundo-Alnion glutinosae (Br.-Bl. et al. 1956) Dierschke et Rivas-Mart. in Rivas-Mart. 1975

Synonyms

HA01D (POP-01D) Rhododendro pontici-Prunion lusitanicae Pérez Latorre, Galán de Mera et Cabezudo in Pérez Latorre et al. 1999

Southern Iberian mediterranean riparian forests with relict laurisilva elements

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rhododendro pontici-Prunion lusitanicae Pérez Latorre, Galán de Mera et Cabezudo in Pérez Latorre et al. 1999

Synonyms

HA01E (POP-01E) Platanion orientalis I. Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961

Platanus riparian gallery forests of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Platanion orientalis I. Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961

Synonyms

HA01F (POP-01F) Lauro nobilis-Fraxinion angustifoliae I. Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961

Riparian gallery forests with relict laurisilva elements of the eastern submediterranean regions of the Apennine and Balkan Peninsulas

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Lauro nobilis-Fraxinion angustifoliae I. Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961

Synonyms

HA02 (POP-02) Alno-Fraxinetalia excelsioris Passarge 1968

Floodplain riparian forests on nutrient-rich alluvial soils of temperate and boreal Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alno-Fraxinetalia excelsioris Passarge 1968

Synonyms

HA02A (POP-02A) Alnion incanae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Alder-ash and oak riparian floodplain forests on nutrient-rich alluvial soils in the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alnion incanae Pawłowski et al. 1928

Synonyms

Remark

pop05 | This alliance, and perhaps also its superior order, would be better placed in the Carpino-Fagetea. In Southern Europe, there are considerable differences between zonal and riparian forests but this contrast becomes less obvious in Central and Northern Europe. The Alnion incanae forests are most similar to the Tilio-Acerion and the Melico-Tilion platyphylli forests that are classified within the Carpino-Fagetea. (MC, JPT) Rivas-Martínez et al. (2011: 342) pursued a mediterraneo-centric view and classified this alliance within the Populetalia. (L. Mucina).

HA02B (POP-02B) Hyperico androsaemi-Alnion glutinosae (Amigo et al. 1987) Biurrun et al. 2016

Alder, ash and birch floodplain forests along streams of the Cantabrian region of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Hyperico androsaemi-Alnion glutinosae (Amigo et al. 1987) Biurrun et al. 2016

Synonyms

HA02C (POP-02C) Fraxino-Quercion roboris Passarge 1968

Elm-ash and oak riparian floodplain forests on nutrient-rich brown soils in the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Fraxino-Quercion roboris Passarge 1968

Synonyms

Remark

pop07 | The syntaxonomic content of this unit is well known under the suballiance name Ulmenion Oberd. 1953 and as such has been frequently considered as part of the Alnion incanae. (W. Willner, L. Mucina).

HA02D (POP-02D) Alno-Quercion roboris Horvat 1950

Alder-oak riparian floodplain forests on nutrient-rich alluvial soils of the temperate regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alno-Quercion roboris Horvat 1950

Synonyms

HA02E (POP-02E) Poo angustifoliae-Ulmion laevis Golub in Golub et Kuzmina 1997

Oak-elm riparian floodplain forests on nutrient-rich alluvial soils in the steppe zone of Southern Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Poo angustifoliae-Ulmion laevis Golub in Golub et Kuzmina 1997

Synonyms

HB (PUR) Salicetea purpureae Moor 1958

Willow and tamarisk scrub and low open forests of riparian habitats in the temperate to arctic zones of Europe and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicetea purpureae Moor 1958

Synonyms

HB01 (PUR-01) Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958

Willow scrub and low open forests of riparian habitats in the temperate to arctic zones of Europe and Greenland

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958

Synonyms

HB01A (PUR-01A) Salicion eleagno-daphnoidis (Moor 1958) Grass 1993

Willow scrub on the gravelly stream banks in the submontane to subalpine belts of the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Carpathians

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion eleagno-daphnoidis (Moor 1958) Grass 1993

Synonyms

Remark

pur02 | The choice of this alliance as the nomenclature type of the Salicetalia purpureae (as suggested by Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 465) is illegitimate. (L. Mucina).

HB01B (PUR-01B) Salicion albae Soó 1951

Willow and poplar low open forests of lowland to submontane river alluvia in the nemoral zone of Europe and at high altitudes of the Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion albae Soó 1951

Synonyms

HB01C (PUR-01C) Salicion triandrae T. Müller et Görs 1958

Willow scrub on loamy-sandy sedimentary river banks in the lowland to submontane belts of the nemoral zone of Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion triandrae T. Müller et Görs 1958

Synonyms

HB01D (PUR-01D) Rubo caesii-Amorphion fruticosae Shevchyk et V. Solomakha 1996

Riparian scrub on temporarily flooded gleyic soils of Central Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rubo caesii-Amorphion fruticosae Shevchyk et V. Solomakha in Shevchyk et al. 1996

Synonyms

HB01E (PUR-01E) Artemisio dniproicae-Salicion acutifoliae Shevchyk et V. Solomakha in Shevchyk et al. 1996

Willow scrub on riverine dunes of Central Ukraine

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio dniproicae-Salicion acutifoliae Shevchyk et V. Solomakha in Shevchyk et al. 1996

Synonyms

HB01F (PUR-01F) Salicion salviifoliae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Western Iberian thermo- to supramediterranean riparian alluvial willow scrub on the alluvia of mineral-poor rivers

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion salviifoliae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Synonyms

HB01G (PUR-01G) Salicion discolori-neotrichae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Eastern Iberian thermo- to supramediterranean riparian alluvial willow scrub on the alluvia of mineral-poor rivers

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion discolori-neotrichae Br.-Bl. et O. de Bolòs 1958 corr. Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

Remark

pur05 | For the formal correction see Rivas-Martínez et al. (2002a: 242−243). (L. Mucina).

HB01H (PUR-01H) Salicion cantabricae Rivas-Mart., T.E. Díaz et Penas in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Cantabrian submediterranean montane pioneer willow scrub on the alluvia of mineral-poor rivers

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion cantabricae Rivas-Mart., T.E. Díaz et Penas in Rivas-Mart. et al. 2011

Synonyms

HB01I (PUR-01I) Salicion pedicellatae Galán de Mera, Pérez Latorre et Cabezudo in Pérez Latorre et al. 1999

Southern Iberian, Maghrebinian and Calabro-Sicilian thermo- to supramediterranean riparian alluvial willow scrub on the alluvia of mineral-poor rivers

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion pedicellatae Rivas-Mart. et al. 1984

Synonyms

HB01J (PUR-01J) Salicion apennino-purpureae Biondi et Allegrezza in Biondi et al. 2014

Apennine submediterranean submontane-montane pioneer willow scrub on gravel alluvial riverine terraces

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion apennino-purpureae Biondi et Allegrezza in Biondi et al. 2014

Synonyms

HB02 (PUR-02) Tamaricetalia ramosissimae Borza et Boşcaiu ex Dolţu et al. 1980

Tamarisk riverine scrub of the lowland rivers of the Balkan Peninsula and the Sarmatian region of Southern Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricetalia ramosissimae Borza et Boşcaiu ex Dolţu et al. 1980

Synonyms

HB02A (PUR-02A) Tamaricion parviflorae I. Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961

Tamarisk riverine scrub on coarse gravelly soils on lowland river banks of the western regions of the Balkan Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Tamaricion parviflorae I. Kárpáti et V. Kárpáti 1961

Synonyms

HB02B (PUR-02B) Artemisio scopariae-Tamaricion ramosissimae Simon et Dihoru 1963

Tamarisk riverine scrub on coarse gravelly soils on lowland rivers banks of the eastern regions of the Balkan Peninsula and the Sarmatian region of Southern Ukraine and Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Artemisio scopariae-Tamaricion ramosissimae Simon et Dihoru 1963

Synonyms

HB03 (PUR-03) Rubo bollei-Salicetalia canariensis Rivas-Mart. in Capelo et al. 2000

Willow woodlands on silt-rich alluvia, recent landslides and in beds of irregular streams of Madeira and the Canary Islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Rubo bollei-Salicetalia canariensis Rivas-Mart. in Capelo et al. 2000

Synonyms

Remark

pur07 | Iberian (both Spanish and Portuguese) as well as Canarian vegetation scientists traditionally classify the vegetation of this order within the Pruno-Lauretea azoricae. This approach, however, does not follow several principles adopted by this vegetation system, the principle of zonality (the Rubo-Salicetalia canariensis are obviously azonal), the ecological differences (Rubo-Salicetalia are riparian − under periodic although not necessarily regular influence of flood disturbance) and floristic criteria. Species composition of the Rubo-Salicetalia communities is very different from those of the other two orders within the Pruno-Lauretea azoricae and definitely poorer in endemics than the Andryalo-Ericetalia and/or Pruno-Lauretalia azoricae. (L. Mucina) This argument is challenged by JC and ASG who prefer the traditional classification option and classify the Rubo bollei-Salicetalia canariensis in the Pruno lusitanicae-Lauretea azoricae.

HB03A (PUR-03A) Salicion canariensis Rivas-Mart., Wildpret, Del Arco, O. Rodríguez, Pérez de Paz, García Gallo, Acebes, T.E. Díaz et Fernández-González ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Willow woodlands on silt-rich alluvia, recent landslides and in beds of irregular streams of Madeira and the Canary Islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion canariensis Rivas-Mart., Wildpret, Del Arco, O. Rodríguez, Pérez de Paz, García Gallo, Acebes, T.E. Díaz et Fernández-González ex Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

IA (ALN) Alnetea glutinosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 1946

European mesotrophic regularly flooded alder carr and birch wooded mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alnetea glutinosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Westhoff et al. 1946

Synonyms

IA01 (ALN-01) Alnetalia glutinosae Tx. 1937

European mesotrophic regularly flooded alder carr

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alnetalia glutinosae Tx. 1937

Synonyms

IA01A (ALN-01A) Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929

European mesotrophic regularly flooded alder carr

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alnion glutinosae Malcuit 1929

Synonyms

Remark

aln02 | The floristic and ecological variation in this alliance justifies recognition of more than one alliance. In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern alone, Clausnitzer (in Berg et al. 2001, 2004) recognised two orders and four alliances, distinguished floristically and ecologically. (J. Dengler).

IA01B (ALN-01B) Frangulo alni-Fraxinion oxycarpae Poldini, Sburlino et Venanzoni in Biondi et al. 2015

Amphiadriatic mesotrophic interdune and karstic ash carr

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frangulo alni-Fraxinion oxycarpae Poldini, Sburlino et Venanzoni in Biondi et al. 2015

Synonyms

IA02 (ALN-02) Salici pentandrae-Betuletalia pubescentis Clausnitzer in Dengler et al. 2004

Eurasian basiphilous birch forests on mesotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salici pentandrae-Betuletalia pubescentis Clausnitzer in Dengler et al. 2004

Synonyms

IA02A (ALN-02A) Salici pentandrae-Betulion pubescentis Clausnitzer in Dengler et al. 2004

Eurasian basiphilous birch forests on mesotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salici pentandrae-Betulion pubescentis Clausnitzer in Dengler et al. 2004

Synonyms

IA03 (ALN-03) Sphagno-Betuletalia pubescentis Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Eurasian acidophilous birch forests on mesotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sphagno-Betuletalia pubescentis Scamoni et Passarge 1959

Synonyms

IA03A (ALN-03A) Betulion pubescentis Lohmeyer et Tx. ex Oberd. 1957

Eurasian acidophilous wet birch forests on mesotrophic mires

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Betulion pubescentis Lohmeyer et Tx. ex Oberd. 1957

Synonyms

IB (FRA) Franguletea Doing ex Westhoff in Westhoff et Den Held 1969

Willow carr of Western Europe, Fennoscandia and the subatlantic regions of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Franguletea Doing ex Westhoff in Westhoff et Den Held 1969

Synonyms

Remark

fra01 | Recognition of this class is based on the principles of zonality/azonality and separation of forest/wood and scrub communities into separate classes. The class has been accepted in vegetation surveys of the Netherlands (Schaminée et al. 1998b), Germany (Weber 1998) and Austria (Willner & Grabherr 2007). The syntaxonomic content of this class is sometimes incorporated in the Rhamno-Prunetea (e.g. Bardat et al. 2004; Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 332, etc.). (L. Mucina).

IB01 (FRA-01) Salicetalia auritae Doing 1962

Willow carr of Western Europe, Fennoscandia and the subatlantic regions of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicetalia auritae Doing 1962

Synonyms

IB01A (FRA-01A) Salicion cinereae T. Müller et Görs ex Passarge 1961

Willow carr of Western Europe and the subatlantic regions of Central Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Salicion cinereae T. Müller et Görs ex Passarge 1961

Synonyms

IB01B (FRA-01B) Alno incanae-Salicion pentandrae Kielland-Lund 1981

Alder-willow carr in the boreal zone of Fennoscandia and Northern Russia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Alno incanae-Salicion pentandrae Kielland-Lund 1981

Synonyms

JA (SAG) Saginetea maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962

Atlantic-Mediterranean and Macaronesian ephemeral winter-annual vegetation in disturbed saline habitats and inland saline badlands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saginetea maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962

Synonyms

Remark

sag01 | The communities of this class typically occupy small disturbed sites within large stands of the Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952, often characterised by some sand deposition. These transitional habitats connect the Juncetea maritimi and the Koelerio-Corynephoretea and support specific taxa that prompted some authors to establish a separate class for this ecotone. However, some other authors have highlighted that in the Saginetea maritimae the character species of the Juncetea maritimi prevail and thus, the Saginetea maritimae should be included in the latter class. For example, Dierßen & Dierßen (1996) suggested subordinating all Nordic syntaxa of the Saginetea maritimae into the Armerion maritimae (Juncetea maritimi). Also, Polte (2001, 2004) found that the Saginetalia maritimae shows such little floristic distinction towards other salt marsh communities that that they do not deserve a status of class in their own right, but rather should be included into the Juncetea maritimi (best placed there as an alliance within the Juncetalia maritimi). An ad hoc implementation of this alternative view would suggest placing the orders Saginetalia maritimae and Frankenietalia pulverulentae in the Juncetea maritimi. (J. Dengler) K. Dierssen also suggests that because the character species of the class show regionally different frequency, the distinction of this class from the Juncetea maritimi is weak. The opinions expressed above focus on floristic co-occurrence that might be a result of sampling scale; they also neglect the unique ecological nature of the Saginetea maritimae. The communities of this class occur in ecotonal situations spanning two different contrasting macrohabitats of the coastal dunes and coastal salt marshes, linked by steep dry-wet and fresh-saline gradients. The communities of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea can be seen as a 'freshwater' analogue. The dynamic ecology (ecological filters or selective pressures) of these transitional habitats selects for a unique set of flora characterised by increased occurrence of short-lived herbs. It is not surprising that the relevés of the Saginetea maritimae communities have high number of the Juncetea maritimi species. Firstly, the stands of both communities are (as a rule) sampled using different plot sizes (large for the Juncetea maritimi, small for the Saginetea maritimae), hence the Saginetea maritimae species are often 'captured' as belonging to the Juncetea maritimi; and secondly, because of their spatial juxtaposition, admixture of phytocoenologic elements in both directions is a frequent phenomenon. (L. Mucina, J. Schaminée).

JA01 (SAG-01) Saginetalia maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962

Atlantic-Mediterranean ephemeral vegetation on aerohaline sandy soils of disturbed salt-marsh fringes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saginetalia maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962

Synonyms

JA01A (SAG-01A) Saginion maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962

Atlantic and Western Mediterranean short-lived aerohaline vegetation of sandy flats of disturbed salt-marshes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Saginion maritimae Westhoff et al. 1962

Synonyms

JA01B (SAG-01B) Spergularion macrorhizae Gamisans 1990

Cyrno-Sardean short-lived aerohaline vegetation of sandy flats of disturbed salt-marshes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Spergularion macrorhizae Gamisans 1990

Synonyms

JA01C (SAG-01C) Junco ranarii-Plantaginion commutatae Horvatić 1934

Adriatic short-lived aerohaline vegetation of sandy flats of disturbed salt-marshes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Junco ranarii-Plantaginion commutatae Horvatić 1934

Synonyms

JA01D (SAG-01D) Romuleo-Saginion (Wolff 1968) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Northern Aegean short-lived aerohaline vegetation of sandy flats of disturbed salt-marshes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Romuleo-Saginion (Wolff 1968) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

sag03 | Wolff (1968) described the ‘Saginion mediterraneum’ and assigned one validly described association (the Romuleo-Saginetum maritimae Wolff 1968) into this alliance. The latter association automatically becomes the holotypus of the alliance. As the character species of the alliance Wolff (l.c.) listed Bellis annua and Polypogon maritimum. This syntaxon represents an ecologically and geographically well-defined vegetation unit of the Saginetea maritimae in the Eastern Mediterranean. Here I introduce a nomen novum for this alliance, rectifying its illegitimate status (IPCN art. 34a). (L. Mucina).

JA01E (SAG-01E) Sileno sedoidis-Catapodion loliacei de Foucault et Bioret 2010

Southern Aegean and Cypriotic short-lived aerohaline vegetation of sandy flats of disturbed salt-marshes

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Sileno sedoidis-Catapodion loliacei de Foucault et Bioret 2010

Synonyms

Remark

sag04 | This alliance concept is acceptable under the provision of the exclusion of the units listed under columns 27 through 29 in Table 1 of de Foucault & Bioret (2010) that represent communities of the Western Mediterranean provenience. (L. Mucina).

JA02 (SAG-02) Frankenietalia pulverulentae Rivas-Mart. ex Castroviejo et Porta 1976

Ephemeral vegetation on clayey and silty saline soils of the Mediterranean and Macaronesia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frankenietalia pulverulentae Rivas-Mart. ex Castroviejo et Porta 1976

Synonyms

JA02A (SAG-02A) Frankenion pulverulentae Rivas-Mart. ex Castroviejo et Porta 1976

Ephemeral vegetation on clayey saline soils of the Western Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Frankenion pulverulentae Rivas-Mart. ex Castroviejo et Porta 1976

Synonyms

JA02B (SAG-02B) Polypogonion subspathacei Gamisans 1990

Ephemeral vegetation on clayey saline soils of Corsica and Sardinia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Polypogonion subspathacei Gamisans 1990

Synonyms

JA02C (SAG-02C) Gaudinio-Podospermion cani S. Brullo et Siracusa 2000

Ephemeral vegetation on clayey saline soils of the Siculo-Calabrian badlands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Gaudinio-Podospermion cani S. Brullo et Siracusa 2000

Synonyms

JA02D (SAG-02D) Pholiuro-Spergularion Pignatti 1952

Ephemeral aerohaline vegetation on fine-grained soils of the Central and Eastern Mediterranean seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Pholiuro-Spergularion Pignatti 1952

Synonyms

Remark

new, sag05 | This alliance is also listed as syntax. syn. of the alliance SAG-01C Junco ranarii-Plantaginion commutatae Horvatić 1934. The correct name and position of this alliance must be evaluated by a syntaxonomic revision. (remark added by WW in April 2022)

JA02E (SAG-02E) Mesembryanthemion nodiflori Nègre 1959

Ephemeral halo-nitrophilous aerohaline succulent therophytic vegetation on sandy and silty soils of the Eastern Mediterranean

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Mesembryanthemion nodiflori Nègre 1959

Synonyms

JA02F (SAG-02F) Mesembryanthemion crystallini Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Ephemeral Western Mediterranean and Macaronesian subhalophilous alien succulent therophytic vegetation

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Mesembryanthemion crystallini Rivas-Mart. et al. 1993

Synonyms

JB (CRI) Crithmo-Staticetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Rupicolous vegetation of salt-sprayed coastal cliffs of the Atlantic and Mediterranean seaboards of Europe, North Africa and Middle East

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmo-Staticetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1952

Synonyms

Remark

cri01 | The concept of the Crithmo-Staticetea as presented in this survey contains four orders, of which the Crithmo-Staticetalia encompasses communities of strongly halophilous, species-poor herbaceous vegetation of rocky cliffs at the sea-land interface (both along the Atlantic and Mediterranean seashores). Two other orders characterise coastal vegetation on hard rocky substrates under sea-borne salt influence, occupying ecotonal habitats on the inland border of the salt-spray zone, hence mediating between the Crithmo-Staticetalia and coastal tomillar/phrygana and low-grown garrigue of the Rosmarinetea, the Cisto-Lavanduletea (less frequently) and the Cisto-Micromerietea. The ecotonal communities of this type are species-rich and contain elements of both neigbouring vegetation types as well as a suite of endemics ecologically limited to this vegetation. The Crithmo-Armerietalia was described to accommodate the communities of the Atlantic seaboards, while the Helichrysetalia italici encompasses the Mediterranean group of communities. The last order, the Frankenio-Astydametalia, is an endemic unit of the Macaronesian archipelago. (L. Mucina).

JB01 (CRI-01) Crithmo-Staticetalia Molinier 1934

Rupicolous vegetation of salt-sprayed cliffs of the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Europe, North Africa and Middle East

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmo-Staticetalia Molinier 1934

Synonyms

JB01A (CRI-01A) Crithmion maritimi Tx. et Oberd. 1958

Rupicolous vegetation of salt-sprayed rocky cliffs of the Atlantic coasts of Western Europe

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmion maritimi Tx. et Oberd. 1958

Synonyms

JB01B (CRI-01B) Crithmo-Staticion Molinier 1934

Rupicolous dwarf-herb vegetation of salt-sprayed limestone cliffs of the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmo-Staticion Molinier 1934

Synonyms

JB01C (CRI-01C) Crithmo-Daucion halophili Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990

Rupicolous dwarf-herb vegetation of salt-sprayed cliffs of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula and Northern Morocco

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmo-Daucion halophili Rivas-Mart. et al. 1990

Synonyms

JB01D (CRI-01D) Limonion anfracti-cancellati (Horvatić 1934) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Rupicolous herb-rich vegetation of salt-sprayed rocky cliffs of the Adriatic coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Limonion anfracti-cancellati (Horvatić 1934) Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

cri07 | The introduction of the nomen novum is inevitable since the name Staticion dalmaticum Horvatić 1934 carries a geographic epithet; there is no 'Statice dalmatica' listed in the protologue of the latter alliance (see Horvatić 1934). Here we designate the Plantagini-Staticetum cancellati Horvatić 1934 as the lectotypus (hoc loco) of the Limonion anfracti-cancellati. The diagnostic (character) species of the alliance are: Limonium anfractum, L. cancellatum, L. diomedeum, L. dubium, L. vestitum and Goniolimon dalmaticum. Trinajstić (2008: 17−18) classified the contents of this alliance within the 'Crithmo-Limonion Br.-Bl. et Molinier 1934'. (L. Mucina).

JB01E (CRI-01E) Crithmo-Frankenion hirsutae Mayer 1995

Rupicolous herb-rich vegetation of salt-sprayed cliffs of peninsular Hellas and the Aegean islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmo-Frankenion hirsutae Mayer 1995

Synonyms

JB01F (CRI-01F) Kochio prostratae-Limonion meyeri Korzhenevskii 1987

Rupicolous herb-rich vegetation on salt-sprayed rock cliffs of the Crimean coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Kochio prostratae-Limonion meyeri Korzhenevskii 1987

Synonyms

JB02 (CRI-02) Helichrysetalia italici Biondi et Géhu in Géhu et Biondi 1994

Sub-aerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on inland edges of salt-sprayed cliffs of the Mediterranean seaboards

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Helichrysetalia italici Biondi et Géhu in Géhu et Biondi 1994

Synonyms

Remark

cri08 | The communities of this order are found in a natural ecotone between the coastal vegetation under direct influence of sea-born salt spray and the coastal tomillar/phrygana and garrigue occupying coastal habitats, yet without marked influence of air-borne salt. This transitional position would suggest that this order might be classified either within the Rosmarinetea (at least in the Western and Central Mediterranean) or within the Crithmo-Staticetea. The original (Géhu & Biondi 1994) classification of this order within the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae is not logical as the Helichryso-Crucianelletea maritimae was coined to capture vegetation of stabilized grey hind dunes (see Bon & Géhu 1973), hence soft sedimentary substrates, whereas the Helichrysetalia italici comprise communities of hard-rock, coastal cliff habitats. The intricacy of this situation comes to light in a paper by Biondi (2007) who classified a part of the Helichrysetalia italici within the Rosmarinetea or the Helichryso-Crucianelletea while the other part (Senecionetalia cinereae, with the type alliance Anthyllidion barbae-jovis) was classified in the Crithmo-Staticetea. (L. Mucina).

JB02A (CRI-02A) Dactylido hispanicae-Helichrysion stoechadis Géhu et Biondi in Géhu 1994

Coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of the coasts of Southern France and the Cantabro-Atlantic region of the Iberian Peninsula

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Dactylido hispanicae-Helichrysion stoechadis Géhu et Biondi in Géhu 1994

Synonyms

JB02B (CRI-02B) Astragalion tragacanthae (Folch ex Rivas-Mart., Fernández-González et Loidi 1999) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Rupicolous pulvinate scrub on the wind-exposed coastal rocks of the coasts of Eastern Spain and Southern Portugal

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Astragalion tragacanthae (Folch ex Rivas-Mart., Fernández-González et Loidi 1999) Rivas-Mart. et al. 2002

Synonyms

JB02C (CRI-02C) Launaeion cervicornis (O. de Bolòs et Vigo ex Gil et Llorens 1995) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Coastal pulvinate scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of the Balearic Islands

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Launaeion cervicornis (O. de Bolòs et Vigo ex Gil et Llorens 1995) Rivas-Mart. et al. 1999

Synonyms

JB02D (CRI-02D) Euphorbion pithyusae Biondi et Géhu in Géhu et Biondi 1994

Thermomediterranean subsaline chamaephytic garrigue on coastal cliffs of Corsica and Sardinia

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Euphorbion pithyusae Biondi et Géhu in Géhu et Biondi 1994

Synonyms

JB02E (CRI-02E) Anthyllidion barbae-jovis S. Brullo et De Marco 1989

Subaerohaline coastal dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of the eastern Tyrrhenian Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Anthyllidion barbae-jovis S. Brullo et De Marco 1989

Synonyms

JB02F (CRI-02F) Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1990

Subaerohaline dwarf scrub on salt-sprayed cliffs of the European and North African coasts of the Lybian Sea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crucianellion rupestris S. Brullo et Furnari 1990

Synonyms

JB02G (CRI-02G) Elytrigio bessarabicae-Lactucion tataricae Korzhenevskii ex Didukh et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Subaerohaline grasslands on limestone boulder-pebble beaches of Crimea

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Elytrigio bessarabicae-Lactucion tataricae Korzhenevskii ex Didukh et Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016

Synonyms

Remark

cri10 | Korzhenevskii (2001) designated the Crithmo-Elytrigietum bessarabicae senecionetosum bicoloris as the ‘type’ of the Crithmo-Elytrigietum bessarabicae Korzhenevskii 2001. This is unacceptable according to the IPCN (a type of an association must be a relevé, not one of its subordinate syntaxa). Therefore we validate here the Crithmo-Elytrigietum bessarabicae Korzhenevskii ex Mucina et Didukh ass. nov. hoc loco by selecting its holotypus hoc loco (Korzhenevskii 2001: Tab. 5, rel. 1) and use this validated association as the nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) of the Elytrigio bessarabicae-Lactucion tataricae. The diagnostic species of the alliance are listed in Tab. 5 in Korzhenevskii (2001: 119). (L. Mucina, Y. Didukh).

JB03 (CRI-03) Crithmo-Armerietalia maritimae Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1984

Subaerohaline coastal grasslands on inland edges of salt-sprayed rocky cliffs of the temperate and boreal European Atlantic coasts

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Crithmo-Armerietalia maritimae Géhu et Géhu-Franck 1984

Synonyms

JB03A (CRI-03A) Silenion maritimae Maloch 1971

Subaerohaline coastal grasslands on inland edges of salt-sprayed rocky cliffs of the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, France and southern coasts of Great Britain

EuroVegChecklist name (Mucina et al. 2016)

Silenion maritimae Maloch 1971

Synonyms